1.Assessment of microleakage of few restorative materials after erosion by acidic solution
Suhaida Sabdi ; Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar * ; Adam Husein
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2011;6(2):66-72
Some restorative materials are susceptible to erosion but whether it also causes microleakage is still questionable. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of few restorative materials after immersion in acidic solution. Standardized ‘U’ shaped cavity of 4mm diameter and 2mm depth were prepared on buccal or lingual surface of 52 human premolar and molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups which contains 13 samples and 3 controls for each and were restored either with Filtek Z250 (Group 1), Fuji IX (Group 2), Fuji II LC (Group 3), or Silverfill amalgam (Group 4). All surfaces were painted with nail varnish leaving only 2mm of tooth structure surrounding the restoration before the study samples were immersed in acidic solution, lemon juice (pH 2.74) and control samples in deionised distilled water for 24 hours. Surface photos for erosion were taken before immersion in methylene blue for 7 days. After sectioning, the assessment of dye penetration was done using Leica Imaging System DMLM (Germany). Photos showed that Fuji IX demonstrated severe erosion but no obvious changes were seen on other materials. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that microleakage between all four groups were statistically significant. The most significant difference was between Filtek Z250 and Fuji IX (p<0.05). Fuji IX was the most affected by the erosion process and its degree of microleakage was the most among all the materials tested.
2.A comparison of staining resistant of two composite resins
Mior Azrizal M. Ibrahim ; Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ; Adam Husein
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2009;4(1):13-16
Composite resins Amaris is claimed to have hydrophobic
effect which minimizes the staining intake. This study is to investigate the colour stability of Amaris compared to Filtek Z250 in coffee
solution. Sixty discs of composite resins Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) and Amaris (Voco) with diameter of 5mm and depth of 2mm were fabricated by packing in a drinking straw and sectioned with hard tissue cutter (Exakt, Japan). The surfaces of the specimens were
polished with Sof-Lex disc before each group of the samples is immersed in coffee solution. They were kept in the solution for 4 days at 370C and assessed at the period of 2 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days,
and 4 days. The staining was assessed visually and recorded using Lobene (1968) Stain Index and score was given accordingly. The
colour changes of both groups were not statistically significant (p<0.05) for period of 2 hours, 1day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days All groups showed the score values increased gradually with time. Both composite resins have similar colour stability in coffee solutions.
3.Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth: an in vitro study
Mera Christina Michael ; Adam Husein ; Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ; Eshamsul Sulaiman
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2010;5(2):36-41
Endodontically treated teeth are generally weaker than sound teeth. The study objective was to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different restorative
techniques. Fifty extracted human maxillary central incisors of similar size were divided into five groups of 10 teeth. Group 1 was left intact as
the control group. Other groups (Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) were all endodontically treated followed by restorations using different restorative techniques; light cured composite resin (CR), CR and crown,
post and CR, and post-CR core and crown respectively. The specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine with a static force at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min at 135° to the long axis of the root until
failure. The means and the standard deviations of the maximum load at failure for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1259.11N (379.12N), 578.63N
(196.70N), 667.13N (298.72N), 1247.65N (294.48N) and 623.60N (193.75N) respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences existed among the groups tested (p<0.001). Independent t-tests showed that the fracture resistance of
specimens restored with either light cured composite resin or crown was statistically lower than the natural tooth (p=0.001 and p=0.003). Restoring endodontically treated with post significantly increased its
fracture resistance to the level of sound tooth (p=0.002). Within the limitations of this study, endodontically treated teeth restored with post exhibited similar strength with sound natural teeth and restoration with
either light cured composite resin or crown had lower fracture resistance than natural teeth.
4.The study of tooth wear patterns and their associated aetiologies in adults in Kelantan, Malaysia
R Wirdatul R Daly ; Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ; Adam Husein ; Noorliza Mastura Ismail ; Bennet T. Amaechi
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2010;5(2):47-52
Tooth wear is the loss of tooth tissue and structures not due to caries. It can occur in various forms either attrition, abrasion, erosion, noncaries
cervical lesion (NCCL) or a combination of two or more forms. The objective of this study was to determine the patterns and associated aetiologies of tooth wear among adults in Kelantan, Malaysia. This crosssectional
study involved 81 adults with tooth wear which was visually
assessed using the Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index (TWI). A questionnaire was used to seek putative aetiologies of the wear. Data were analyzed and the results were expressed as frequencies and percentages.
Six thousand three hundred and eighty four tooth surfaces were examined in 1596 teeth. 17.4% surfaces had tooth wear; 80% scored 1, 18% scored 2 and 2% scored 3. Among the 81 cases of tooth wear, 29 (35.8%) had
abrasion; 25 (30.9%) had attrition; 1(1.2%) had erosion while 26 (32.1%) had the combined type. Among those with abrasion, majority had the habit of eating freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) as local delicacy where
most of the times people use their teeth to pry open the clam shells. Erosion was related to the pooling of carbonated drinks or beverages in the mouth before swallowing. In conclusion, most adults experienced abrasion
and the most common possible associated aetiology is the way of eating clams.
5.A survey on light intensity outputs of QTH, cabled and cordless LED light curing units
Athirah Ab Rahman ; Adam Husein ; Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed ; Dasmawati Mohamad ; Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ; Manal Farea ; Norhayati Luddin
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2014;9(2):85-90
Light intensity output is one of the determinants for adequate curing of visible light-cured materials.
The aim of this survey was to evaluate the light intensity outputs (LIOs) of light curing units (LCUs) in dental
clinics of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
(USM). The respective LIOs of all functioning Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) and Light Emitting Diode (LED)
LCUs were tested using two light radiometers. For cordless LED LCUs, the testing procedure was done in situ
and after being fully charged. Statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests were
performed to compare the LIOs between groups and between the LIOs of in situ and post-charged cordless LED
LCUs, respectively. The level of significance was set at 0.05 (p<0.05). The results revealed that 72.72%, 42.47%
and 92% of QTH, cabled LED and cordless LED LCUs exhibited acceptable LIOs, respectively. Data analysis
using Kruskal Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The intergroup comparisons using multiple Mann Whitney test with Bonferroni correction revealed a significant difference between the LIOs of cordless LED and both QTH and cabled LED (p<0.017). The difference between the LIOs of in situ and post charged cordless LED LCUs was also significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, both QTH and cordless
LED LCUs performed better in term of LIOs than cabled LED LCUs. Periodic testing of LCUs is essential to ensure optimal performance.