Objective To investigate the influence of plasmid spread and ampD mutation to Enterobacter cloacae that leads to the AmpC β-lactamase change from inducible type to constitutive type. Methods The Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the patients with nosocomial infection. The inducible type isolations and their constitutive type changers were put into the same group. The plasmid ampC gene and chromatin ampD gene in pairs in each group were amplified, sequenced and compared. Results Of 195 patients infected by Enterobacter cloacae of inducible type, 25 (12.82%) were changed to the ones of constitutive high type. In these 25 changed groups, 10 were caused by plasmid spread, 10 by ampD mutation, 1 by both, and 4 by neither. Twelve changed constitutive type strains had ampD significant mutations, in which 7 were frame-shift mutations and 5 were spot mutations. Conclusions The change ratio of Enterobacter cloacae from inducible type to constitutive type is rather high. Both plasmid spread and ampD mutation are possibly the mechanism of such change. Plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase spreads among different species and interregionally. The mutation rate of chromatin ampD gene is also higher than the natural mutation rate. These two mechanisms should be considered in clinical treatment.

Objective To reveal the influence factor of ampD specific mutation on the transformation of AmpC β-lactamase from non-high-productive type to derepressed the high-productive type in Enterobacter cloacae. Methods The selected cbromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive strains of Enterobacter cloacae and genomic DNA were extracted, and genomic ampD was amplified by using PCR, and then sequenced and confirmed by specific mutation. Use site-directed mutagenesis to mutate the wild-type Enterobacter cloacae for the above site. The changes of AmpCβ-lactamase types were detected by the improved Cefotaxime three-dimensional test. Results Of the 121 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,15 strains were ehromatin-mediated derepressed high-productive type,8 strains had significant mutations and 7 strains of site-directed mutagenesis were established. Ecl MA(274 inser-ting A)、Ecl MC(327 missing C)and Ecl MF(27 inserting G)were changed from non-high-productive type to derepressed-high-pro-ductive type,but Ecl MB(371 inserting T), Ecl MD(515 missing C), Ecl ME(324 C→A), Ecl MG(238C→A 302T→A)did not change in AmpC β-lactamase types. Conclusion The significant mutations that could lead to the transformation of AmpC β-lacta-mase were the Frame-shift mutations that could create the change of large region of amino acid. However, other mechanisms for the derepressed high-productive AmpC β-lactamase were not excluded in the study.

0.05),and T max had signif?icant differences(P

Objective:To study the effect of gypenosides (GPs) on the hepatic function and fibrosis progression in Wistar rats with immune fibrosis. Methods: The model of immune fibrosis was established by injection of human albumin. Rats in treated group were also administered with 0. 5 mg GPs during 30 d human albumin attack. The hepatic function of rats was e-valuated by determining the levels of ALT, TBIL and TBA in serum. The progression of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by the levels of HA, PC Ⅲ and LN by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and confirmed by rats tissue pathology analysis. Results: Albumin injection significantly elevated the levels ALT, TBIL, TBA, HA, PCⅢ(P

Objective To compare the difference of effect between principal component regression analysis and projection pursuit regression analysis when collinearity exists in data.Methods Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the two modeling methods by using the actual data on two aspects:the fitting effect and the predicting effect.Results The principal component regression model showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.8172,the mean of absolute relative error was 6.42％ and the mean square of prediction error was 0.61.The projection pursuit regression model,on the other hand,showed that the coefficient of determination ranged from 0.8851 to 0.9944,the mean of absolute relative error ranged from1.11％ to 4.81％ and the mean square of prediction error ranged from 0.03 to 0.38.Conclusion The analysis results based on the actual data with collinearity indicate that the projection pursuit regression analysis outperforms the principal component regression analysis both in fitting and predicting effect.

0.05) and decrease to higher than normal in CH and in 4 cases of SH (P

Objective: To determine plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL) and its soluble death receptor (sDR4, sDR5) in essential hypertension (EH) patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in 50 EH + LVH patients (EH + LVH group), 50 EH patients without LVH (EH group) and 50 healthy subjects (healthy control group), and the results were compared and analyzed among three groups. Results: ① Compared with healthy control group and EH group, there were significant increase in plasma levels of sTRAIL [(0.95±0.11) ng/ml vs. (1.12±0.86) ng/ml vs. (1.74±1.19) ng/ml], sDR4[(2.38±0.32) pg/ml vs. (5.63±1.05) pg/ml vs. (8.72±1.14) pg/ml] and sDR5[(< 6 pg/ml) vs. (39.19±8.23) pg/ml vs. (78.21±11.2) pg/ml] in EH + LVH group, P<0.01 all; and levels of sDR4 and sDR5 in EH group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group (P<0.01 both), but there was no significant difference in sTRAIL level between the two groups (P>0.05); ② Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive correlation among levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in EH + LVH patients (r=0.325~0.410, P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion: Plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 may be valuable indexes for prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) in inpatients.Methods Totally 400 inpatients who were admitted to Tianjin Tianhe Hospital from Novem- ber 2008 to March 2009 were enrolled in this study.Physical examinations,including body height and body meas-urement,were performed the next morning after admission.The nutritional status was evaluated with NRS 2002.Results In all 400 inpatients.NRS 2002 was strongly practicable in 306 patients (76.5%) and weakly practica-ble in 94 patients (23.5%);Ninety-six patients (24.0%) had nutritional risks,which were most common in the department of internal medicine and the Department of neurology.The average age of patients with nutritional risks was (79.0±11.4) years,which was significantly higher than that of patients without nutritional risks [(58.1±15.8) years] (P<0.01).Conclusion NRS 2002 is effective and practicable in evaluating the nutritional status of inpatient.

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; poisoning ; Arsenic Poisoning ; complications ; Causality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the adverse reactions of acute stage and late stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Methods 89 patients were investigated in the outpatient department by form.The median follow-up time was 3 years (2-23 years).Results In the acute stage,the ratios of serious xerostomia [78.7 ％(70/89)],the ear reaction [66.3 ％ (59/89)] and nose impairment [64.0 ％ (57/89)] were very high.In the late stage 79.8 ％ (71/89) patients developed radioactive tympanitis,in which 53.9 ％ (48/89) patients induced hearing loss,42.7 ％ (38/89) patients developed dry nose or nasal excessive discharge.The rate of serious xerostomia was 11.2 ％ (10/89),66.3 ％(59/89) patients suffered from superficial and more serious caries.Conclusion The rates of the radioactive tympanitis and caries stayed high in the late stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy.Concurreut chemoradiotherapy is probable to increase or aggravate the incidence of adverse reactions in the acute stage,but don’t show an effect on the late stage reaction.