1.Body Mass Index and Body Fat Status of Men Involved in Sports,Exercise, and Sedentary Activites
Wan Nudri Wan Daud ; Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda ; Mohamed Rusli Abdullah
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;16(2):21-26
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kota Bharu on three groups of men with ages ranging
from 18 to 44 years. The study groups included 83 athletes representing various types of sports and
levels of participation (athlete group), 80 active men who exercised a minimum of 30 minutes per day
at least 3 times per week (exercise group), and 80 inactive men (sedentary group). The objectives of
the study were to compare the body mass indices (BMIs) and body fat statuses among the three groups
with different physical activity levels. The height and weight of respondents were measured using
the Seca weighing balance with height attachment. Skinfold thickness of biceps, triceps, subscapular
regions, and suprailiac regions of each respondent were measured using Harpenden skinfold calipers.
Percentage body fat was calculated as the sum of the four measurements of skinfold thickness. The
results showed that the mean (± SD) BMIs in the athlete, exercise, and sedentary groups were 22.6 ± 2.9,
23.4 ± 3.5, and 24.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2, respectively. The combined prevalence of pre-obese (BMI 25.029.9)
and obese (BMI ³ 30.0) subjects was 21.7% in the athlete group, 29.9% in the exercise group, and 47.5%
in the sedentary group. The mean (± SD) percentage of body fat in athletes was 15.7 ± 5.4%, which was
lower than in the exercise (18.9 ± 5.5%) and sedentary (20.6 ± 5.8%) groups. The study revealed that
individuals who are actively involved in physical activity, particularly in sport activities, have lower
BMIs and percentage body fat values compared to sedentary people. Therefore, to prevent obesity, all
individuals are encouraged to perform regular physical activity, particularly sports activities.
2.The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia.
Tengku Alina TENGKU ISMAIL ; Wan Abdul Manan WAN MUDA ; Mohd Isa BAKAR
Nutrition Research and Practice 2016;10(1):49-55
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women's intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.
Breast Feeding*
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Cohort Studies
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Female
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Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
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Intention*
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Malaysia*
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Postpartum Period
;
Prospective Studies
3.Dietary intakes and obesity of Malaysian adults
Yi Yi LEE ; Wan Abdul Manan WAN MUDA
Nutrition Research and Practice 2019;13(2):159-168
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Over the past few decades, Malaysia has been experiencing an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity that threatens the health of Malaysians. Poor dietary intake is one of the major contributors to the development of obesity and many non-communicable diseases. The dietary intakes of adults in Malaysia were assessed to determine the association between the dietary intake variables and the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measurements. This study examined whether the dietary intake achieved the recommended nutritional guidelines and compared the intakes between both sexes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The height, weight, and WC of four-hundred-and-ninety adults (n = 490) in Malaysia were measured using standard procedures. The three-day 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted on 422 out of the 490 adults and their dietary intakes were evaluated in detail. The selected dietary intake variables were used to determine the associations with the obesity indicators. RESULTS: Among the participants, 52.8% were overweight or obese. After data analysis, the mean energy intake was 1,550 kcal/day, in which male participants had a significantly higher energy and macronutrients intake than females. Protein consumption and its percentage of energy contribution exceeded the recommended range. The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk and milk products were lower than the recommended number of servings for a healthy diet. The male participants consumed significantly more servings of carbohydrate-based foods, meat, and fats, oils, and sweets than females. Among the selected dietary intake variables, only the carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with the BMI (Estimate b = −0.008) and WC measurements (Estimate b = −0.019) after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the dietary intakes of a sample of Malaysian adults and its association with the obesity indicators. The results highlight the need for improvements and modifications of the dietary intake of Malaysians to reduce the overweight and obesity rates.
Adult
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Body Mass Index
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Diet
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Energy Intake
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Fats
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Female
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Fruit
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Humans
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Malaysia
;
Male
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Meat
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Micronutrients
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Milk
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Obesity
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Obesity, Abdominal
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Oils
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Overweight
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Prevalence
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Statistics as Topic
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Vegetables
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Waist Circumference
4.Understanding Dieting and Previous Weight Loss Attempts among Overweight and Obese Participants: Insights into My Body Is Fit and Fabulous at Work Program
Tengku Alina Tengku ISMAIL ; Rohana Abdul JALIL ; Wan Rosli WAN ISHAK ; Noor Fadzlina HAMID ; Wan Suriati WAN NIK ; Hamid Jan JAN MOHAMED ; Nor Haslina MOHD ; Wan Nor ARIFIN ; Wan Mohd Izani Wan MOHAMED ; Mohd Ismail IBRAHIM ; Rohaida ISMAIL ; Tengku Fatimatul Tengku HASSIM ; Tahir ARIS ; Wan Manan WAN MUDA
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2018;39(1):15-22
BACKGROUND: A qualitative study providing an in-depth exploration of people's view and the increasing burden of overweight and obesity is required. This study aimed to explore the understanding of dieting and previous experiences on weight loss attempts among overweight and obese government employees in Kelantan, Malaysia, prior to recruitment into the intervention program. METHODS: Thirteen focus group discussions involving 129 participants from a weight-loss intervention program were conducted within the first 1 month of recruitment. These discussions were moderated by two trained researchers in the Malay language and assisted by an interview guide. They were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed, and codes and themes from each discussion were constructed. RESULTS: The participants understood dieting with various meanings, including skipping meals and removing rice from daily diets. They applied numerous methods to lose weight and achieved various outcomes. Health and appearance, social support, and compliance with current trends were the factors motivating these participants to lose weight. Their determination to lose weight was limited by lack of self-control and motivation, experiences of unpleasant effects, influence on weight, and environmental and health factors. CONCLUSION: Real-life weight loss experiences and perceptions provided relevant insights into current weight loss management strategies. Some of these issues and misunderstandings should be emphasized in weight loss strategies during health promotion.
Compliance
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Diet
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Focus Groups
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Health Promotion
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Malaysia
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Meals
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Motivation
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Obesity
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Overweight
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Qualitative Research
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Self-Control
;
Weight Loss
5.Effects of occupational sunlight exposure and monsoon season on vitamin D concentration among outdoor and indoor workers in Malaysia
Norliyana Aris ; Amal K. Mitra ; Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed ; Wan Abdul Manan Bin Wan Muda ; Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2020;26(No.3):425-439
Introduction: Despite abundant sunshine for cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, low
levels of vitamin D have been documented among the Malaysian population. The aim
of this study was to characterise the effects of occupational sunlight exposure and
monsoon season on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study was performed among Malay outdoor (n=119)
and indoor workers (n=119) in Kelantan. Two-point data were collected on the same
participants, first during non-monsoon season and second during the northeast
monsoon season. Data collection comprised of anthropometry measurements (body
mass index and body fat), fasting blood test [serum 25(OH)D concentration], and
questionnaire (physical activity level, sun exposure, sun protection use, and vitamin
D intake). Vitamin D classification was based on the 2011 Endocrine Society Clinical
Practice Guidelines. Results: This study found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations
were significantly higher in outdoor compared to indoor workers irrespective of
season (p<0.001) and sex (p<0.001). Monsoonal differences in serum 25(OH)D
concentration was only observed in male outdoor workers (mean difference=10.39
nmol/l, p<0.001). Significant association between vitamin D status and occupation
was also observed (p<0.001). However, no significant association was found between
vitamin D status and monsoon season [χ2(1)=0.076, p=0.783]. Conclusion: Seasonal
and occupational factors should be considered while evaluating individual serum
25(OH)D concentration and in comparing community studies, especially among
workers.
6.A Scoping Review of the Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Outcomes among Adults in Asia during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Loubna Khaled Mohammed Al-Hajj ; Hui Ying Chia ; Khairil Shazmin Kamarudin ; Wan Abdul Manan Wan Muda ; Yi Yi Lee
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.5):275-305
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to imposed movement restrictions and lockdowns to curb the
spread of COVID-19 cases in the community. These lockdowns had greatly changed people’s daily lives, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The aim of this scoping review was to establish available evidence
linked to physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among adults in the Asia region during the COVID-19
outbreak. This scoping review was conducted using Arksey & O’Malley’s protocol with 132 studies included after
full-text screening. Changes in PA were reported in 122 studies and SB in 50 studies. Most studies reported a reduction in the total level of PA and a hike in sedentary and screen time. This decrement in PA and increment in SB was
related to poor mental health, body weight increase and complications in COVID-19 patients, while participants
who maintained or improved their PA reported better health outcomes.