Objective To study the cytochemical changes of hepatocytes in mice exposed to hypoxia. Methods The mice were divided into two groups(n=45, all males, hypoxia group=36, control group=9). The mice of the hypoxia group lived in hypoxia (O 2:10%). Using imaging analytical instrument LEICA-500IW, We observed cytochemical changes of the hepatocytes. The PAS, LDH, cytochrome oxidase, Mg 2+ dependent ATPase activity of hepatocytes was assayed. Results Compared with the controls, the LDH activity of hepatocytes increased dramatically, the longer the hypoxic time, the higher the LDH activity of the hepatocytes; the cytochrome oxidase activity of hepatocytes decreased sharply, the longer the hypoxic time, the lower the cytochrome oxidase activity of the hepotocytes.Conclusion Hypoxia can injury the hepatocytes of the mice and result in sharp changes of the hepatic cytochemistry.;

This article was aimed to research the processing methods of Mongolian Meng-Gen-Wu-Su. Ancient and modern literatures which are related to the processing methods of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su were reviewed, summa-rized and sorted . The results showed that the traditional Mongolian Me ng-G e n-W u-Su processing method began in the eighteenth century in the book of Bi Y ong Y ao Ji Zhu Pin . The processing methods of all previous dynas-ties can be classified into three steps, which are descaling, detoxicating and specific drug processing. The pro-cessing methods contain soft, heat, cold, even, obvious, fierce, slow, white, black, speed and hard method. Among these 11 kinds of processing methods from all previous dynasties, some of them use the same processing name but the processing method are different; and some of them use different processing name but the processing methods are the same. Hence, there are 7 kinds of processing methods according to the processing content. Among them, the sulfur processing of Me ng-G e n-W u-Su is widely applied . This processing method is still used today and it can be divided into two kinds, which are the heat process and cold process. This method was originated from the fierce processing and even processing method in the book of Gan Lu Si Bu. And steps of descaling and detoxicat-ing in the processing are ignored. Other processing methods have rarely been used or not used at all. It was con-cluded that the sulfur processing method of Mongolian Me ng-G e n-W u-Su is still used until now .

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in enhancing the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of EA treatment in the postoperative period of patients undergoing LC were searched.Studies were obtained from Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),PubMed,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biology Medicine Disc(CBM),and Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP)from inception to December 10th,2022.RevMan 5.4.1 was used to perform the meta-analysis.The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias.Mean difference(MD)and confidence interval(CI)were used for statistical descriptions. Results:A total of 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis.The meta-analysis found that the EA group had a shorter time to the first flatus[P<0.001,MD=-5.32,95%CI(-6.42,-4.21)],bowel movement recovery[P<0.001,MD=-6.22,95%CI(-8.11,-4.34)],and the first defecation(P<0.001,MD=-11.08,95%CI(-15.78,-6.39)]than the control group. Conclusion:EA treatments can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after LC.

Meng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu with the name of Jin-18 pill . The name of Me ng-G e n-W u-Su ( mercury )-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Me ng-Y i-Jin-G ui . Its composition and dosage had always been adjusted in the later dynasties . Until the issue of the book Ne i-Me ng G u-Me ng Che ng-Y ao Biao-Zhun , the composition and dosage of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su was promulgated. In different periods, the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su consisted of 17, 18 or 19 kinds of herbs. There are at least five different types of herbs appeared in the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill. But 16 kinds of medicinals such as mercury, He-Zi, Cao-Wu, Liu-Huang, Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Bai-Yun-Xiang, Mu-Xiang, Shi-Chang-Pu, Su-Ge-Mu-Le, Shi-Gao, Rou-Dou-Kou, Ding-Xiang, Cao-Guo, Hong-Hua, Hei-Yun-Xiang are fixed in the composition. The proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill is inconsistent in different periods. The significant difference of drug dosage proportion are Liu-Huang and Bai-Yun-Xiang, followed by Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Cao-Guo, Wen-Guan-Mu. The Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill and Jin-18 pill from the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu are same prescription with the same composition but different names. The composition and dosage proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill from the book of Meng-Yi-Jin-Gui and He-Li-Le Jing-Zhu Jie-Y i Nan-Jing are the same with the same prescription name .

Objective:To explore the relationship between anxiety and mental resilience of caregivers for community-dwelling dementia patients.Methods:Patients in four communities who met the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease(AD)were randomly selected and their caregivers served as study subjects.General characteristics, anxiety and resilience of caregivers(n=592)were investigated with a questionnaire developed by ourselves, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale(GAD-7), and the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC).Results:There were 592 subjects in the study, with 185 cases(31.3%)having anxiety.Differences in manifestations of anxiety existed between caregivers for AD patients in different age groups( P<0.01). Anxiety levels were also influenced by AD patient caregivers' gender, educational level and blood relationship to the patient( P<0.05). The differences were reflected in tenacity( F=72.58), strength( F=82.19), optimism( F=12.57)and the total elasticity score( F=162.88). The Spearman correlation was used to analyze the association of caregiver anxiety with caregivers' general characteristics and domains of psychological resilience.The results showed that anxiety was negatively correlated with gender( r=-0.09, P<0.05), education level( r=-0.112, P<0.01), blood relationship( r=-0.122, P<0.01), psychoelasticity and three other domains( r=-0.457, -0.495, -0.208, -0.60, all P<0.01), but was positively correlated with age( r=0.127, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that psychoelasticity was a protective factor for anxiety in caregivers for community-dwelling AD patients( β=-0.323, P<0.05). Conclusions:While treating Alzheimer's patients, clinicians can consider psychotherapy measures to improve the psychological resilience of their caregivers.

Objective To study the overweight and obesity situation among Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents in the last 25 years and to provide a basis on related prevention and control measures.Methods A cross-sectional study was used,with 18 366 aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents involved.Surveys on their physical health,in 1985,2000 and 2010 were carried out.Comparison on the mean of BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in different years,genders,location of residence (urban or rural) was also made.Results Over the past 25 years,among the aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents,the overall trend on their means of BMI was increasing.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents were 2.1％,0.5％ in 1985,and 6.3％,2.4％ in 2000,with an increase of 2 to 4 times during the last 15 years.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were substantially increasing in the year 2010,to have reached 9.1％ and 6.6％,which were 4 to 12 times of the figures in 1985.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in urban boys were 1.2％,0 in 1985,7.9％,3.4％ in 2000 and 11.0％,11.8％ in 2010.However,the rate of obesity in the rural boys were 0.6％ and 0.6％ in 1985,2.8％,2.1％ in 2000 and 9.0％,3.4％ in 2010.In 1985 the rates of overweight and obesity in urban girls were 1.8％,0.3％,8.1％,4.3％ in 2000 and 9.4％,8.4％ in 2010.However,among the rural girls,the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.8％,2.2％ in 1985,4.5％,0.9％,in 2000 and 10.2％,4.5％ in 2010.The rates of overweight and obesity among groups in different years showed significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Over the past 25 years,the prevalence rates on overweight and obesity increased significantly in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents,and continued to rise,which called for reasonable and effective measures to be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of the problem.

Objective To identify antibody specificity in an elderly patient with hydronephrosis accompanied by ureter-al stones and shock who had multiple antibodies.Methods Microcolumn gel method was used to screen unexpected anti-bodies of red blood cells and identify antibodies.Enzyme method and antibody absorption method were used to help judge the specificity of antibodies in patients.The ABO blood type,Rh blood type and MNS blood type of patient were determined by saline tube method.Results The patient′s blood types were O,CCDee,NNss,and a combination of anti-E,anti-c,anti-M and anti-S antibodies was detected.Conclusion Repeated blood transfusion may lead to the presence of one or more un-expected antibodies in patients.Patients with multiple or high-frequency antibodies may experience difficulties in identifica-tion and delayed blood use.

OBJECTIVETo detect and study the types of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents from Da Xing-An Mountains Forest areas of China.

METHODSNested PCR was performed to amplify 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B. burgdorferi. Positive products were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), specimens showing unique RFLP profile were sequenced and analysed.

RESULTS1336 Ixodes persulcatus, 144 Dermacento silvarum, 144 Haemaphysalis concinna and 145 rodents of 9 species were collected from 16 sections of Da Xing-An Mountains Forest areas of China. Specific fragments were amplified from 293 I. persulcatus and 6 D. silvarum and 5 rodents of 4 species. B. burgdorferi was not detected in H. concinna. Among the positively tested I. persulcatus, 209 contained B. garinii genospecies and 45 contained B.afzelii genospecies based on RFLP. Moreover, B.garinii genospecies consisted of B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29. 17 adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29. Nine adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. afzelii. Four adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29 and B. afzelii. Two D. silvarum were infected with B. garinii 20047, 1 D. silvarum with B. garinii 20047, 2 D. silvarum with B. afzelii. 3 rodents were infected with B. garinii 20047 while 2 rodents were infected with B. garinii NT29. Mixed infection was not found in D. silvarum and rodents. In addition, nine I. persulcatus and one D. silvarum specimens showed unique RFLP pattern. Data from sequential analysis showed that they all belonged to B. garinii. PCR-SSCP profiles of 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B. burgdorferi in the positive specimens exceeded 36 types; B. garinii 20047 showed 16 types while B. garinii NT29 showing 11 types, B. afzelii showing 9 types. SSCP profiles of the specimens coinfected with multiple B. burgdorferi was relatively complex.

CONCLUSIONThe infection of B. burgdorferi was found in the ticks and rodents in Da Xing-An Mountains Forests areas. The infection rate of I. persulcatus was high. B. garinii was predominant genospecies, and the population of B. burgdorferi was heterogeneous in the area. Mixed infections of different B. burgdorferi genospecies in ticks were found. I. persulcatus and Clethrionomys rufocanus were possibly served as major vector and major host for B. burgdorferi, respectively, suggesting that further study is needed to confirm the coinfection in humans and animals in this region.

Animals ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lyme Disease ; epidemiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Rodentia ; microbiology ; Ticks ; microbiology ; Trees

Objective To study the ultrasonographic features of benign thyroid nodules that were misdiag -nosed as malignant nodules .Methods The thyroid ultrasonic examination results of 31 822 healthy people who visited the Department of Health Management , Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to De-cember 2014 were analyzed .Fine needle aspiration or surgical resection were performed in those highly suspected as malignant nodules according to some specific ultrasonographic features .Results A total of 162 nodules were suspected malignant in ultrasonography , among which 33 ( 20.37%) were benign based on pathologic results , primarily nodular goiter with calcinosis/fibrosis (12, 36.36%).Microcalcification (20), irregular boundary of the nodules (9), a taller-than-wide shape (6), and abundant and abnormal blood flow (6) were the most common ultrasonographic signs in turn in those misdiagnosed nodules .Conclusions Ultrasonography is the diag-nostic technique of choice for thyroid nodules .Accurate interpretation of the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and facilitate the decision in surgery .