Food Safety ; International Cooperation ; Risk Assessment

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ambroxol on community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patients.Methods Totally 120 patients with CAP were selected and divided into 3 groups:low-dose group (patients received ambroxol 15 mg intravenously,3 times per day,n=40),conventional-dose group (patients received ambroxol 30 mg intravenously,3 times per day,n=40)and control group (patients received routine treatment including antibiotic therapy and oxygen inhalation,n=40).All patients were treated for 7 days.The levels of white blood cell (WBC),high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were determined dynamically during the treatment.Results The markedly efficient rate,efficient rate and inefficient rate were 62.5％ (25/40),15.0％ (6/40) and 22.5％ (9/40) in low-dose group,82.5％ (33/40),15.0％ (6/40) and 2.5％ (1/40) in conventional-dose group,40％ (16/40),15.0％ (6/40) and 45.0％ (18/40) in control group,respectively.The total efficient rates were 77.5％,97.5％ and 55.0％ in low dose,conventional dose and control groups,respectively.The markedly efficient rate was higher in lowdose,conventional-dose groups than in control group (x2 =15.29,P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in markedly efficient rate between low dose and conventional-dose groups (x2 =4.01,P＜ 0.05).The total efficient rate was higher in low-dose,conventional-dose groups than in control group (x2 20.22,P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in total efficient rate between low dose and conventional-dose groups (x2=7.31,P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of WBC,hs CRP and PCT were decreased in 3 groups after treatment (all P＜0.05).The levels of WBC,hsCRP and PCT were decreased more remarkably in low dose,conventional-dose groups than in control group (all P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in the decrease of WBC,hs-CRP and PCT levels between low-dose and conventional-dose groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Conventional dose ambroxol treatment (30 mg,iv,3 times/d) is an efficient therapy for community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients.

Biofilm formation makes bacteria adopt a multicellular lifestyle.Compared to planktonic cells, biofilm-grown cells express an increased resistance to antimicrobial agents.Bacterial biofilm formation is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of many subacute and chronic bacterial infections.In clinical setting, biofilm can cause bacterial biofilm disease and biomaterial associated infection.Understanding the mechanisms involved in biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance is key to the development of new solutions.

In the use of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy,1/3 of the patients with epilepsy can not get effective control,showing resistance to antiepileptic drugs.Now the mechanism of drug resistance is considered to be caused by multiple factors work together.The concept and connotation between drug-resistant epilepsy and refractory epilepsy are different.Since 2010,the international union of antiepileptic proposeddrug-resistant epilepsy expert consensus,different medical centers use the new defition to study different populations and confirm that the new definition is effective and reliable.However,there are some controversier about the drug dosage,drug kinds,judge for determining evaluation index and the treatment judgement in that definition.

Objective To investigate the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the rela-tionship between ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and the occurrence, the metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and to analyze the significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining(S-P method) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on consecutive section in 78 cases of colorectal carcinoma and normal mucosa and 42 cases of colorec-tal adenomas. Plasma was obtained from 78 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers prior sur-gery, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There was significant difference between the high expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal carcinoma and the low expression in normal mucosa and ade-noma(P < 0. 01). Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with colorectal carcinoma than those in normal control group(P < 0. 01). The ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were not related to sex, age, tumor lo-cation and histological grades(P > 0. 05),but had significantly statistical difference between lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage(P < 0. 01). Conclusion The increase expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in colorectal cancer suggests that the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may play an important role in evaluation of malignant degree and judging the progress as well as the mechanism of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND:In the elderly patients with a variety of diseases, poor physical and compensatory ability results in a high demand for anesthesia during hip replacement and internal fixation. Lumbar epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine is the commonly used method of narcotic analgesics, but this method of anesthesia has been less studied in elderly hip replacement and internal fixation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lumbar epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine in elderly hip replacement and internal fixation. METHODS: Data of fifty elderly patients with hip replacement implants and internal fixation, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University from February 2014 to August 2015, were analyzed. 50 patients were randomly divided into continuous epidural anesthesia group and ropivacaine lumbar epidural anesthesia group, with 25 patients in each group. Anesthetic effect was compared. Self questionnaire on risk factors was used for non-conditional Logistic multivariate analysis between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Anesthetics onset time, the amount of local anesthesia, the use of trimetaphan camsilate agent number, complete block time, heart rate after anesthesia and complication rate were significantly less in the ropivacaine lumbar epidural anesthesia group than in the continuous epidural anesthesia group (P < 0.05). (2) The highest block level, Bromage score, mean arterial pressure after anesthesia and anesthesia satisfaction rate were significantly higher in the ropivacaine lumbar epidural anesthesia group than in the continuous epidural anesthesia group (P < 0.05). (3) Logistic multivariate analysis on postoperative cognitive dysfunction showed that postoperative cognitive dysfunction was strongly associated with age, education, complications, and hip arthroplasty (P < 0.05). (4) Results verified that lumbar epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine showed ideal effects in hip arthroplasty and internal fixation. Postoperative recovery was rapid, and it is safe and reliable.

Objective: To investigate the changes of gastric intramucosal pH(pHi)and the association with hemody namics and oxygen utilization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Method: Adults (n=15)free of hepatic, pulmonary,and renal diseases undergoing nonemergent heart surgery,were selected. After induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation,a tonometer nasogastric tube was positioned in the stomach to determine the intramucosal pH. Hemodynamics and oxygen utilization data and phi were measured at four times:30 minutes after induction of anesthesia; 15 minutes after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass; at the terminal of the surgery;and 1 day after the surgery. Result: Cardiac index significantly increased(P

Telomerase activity in 43 biopsy of gastric mucosa was detected with the modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay to elucidate pathogenesis of gastric cancer.The detected positive rates were as follows:87%(20/23) in gastric cancer,28 6%(2/7) in moderate and non-typical gastritis ,0%(0/10 in atrophic and superficial gastritis,respectively.These results suggest that the detection of telomerase activity may play a significant role in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the effects ofShenkang bolt on the IL-10 and IL-6 of patients with continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).MethodsA total of 60 patients with CAPD were divided into the control group (n=30) andShenkang bolt observation group (n=30). The control group was treated with convertional treatment of CAPD, low salt, low fat, low phosphorus and high quality diet. The observation group was treated withShenkang bolt based on control group treatment. The clinic effect was detected after treatment for 8 weeks. The serum creatinine was determinated by basic picric acid method, and blood urea nitrogen was determinated by urease test. The clinic and biochemical indicator of Scr, BUN, 24h urine volume, Kt/Vurea, RRF, and ultrafiltration volume were compared between the two groups. The IL-10 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA analysis.Results After treatment, IL-10 (19.56 ± 4.38μg/mlvs. 8.98 ± 2.05μg/ml,t=4.392,P<0.01) was significantly higher in observation group than that in control group, and IL-6 (21.82 ± 3.57μg/mlvs. 49.66 ± 5.26μg/ml,t=5.264,P<0.01) was significantly lower in observation group than that in control group. The RRF (7.86 ± 2.12vs. 5.31 ± 1.62;t=2.436, P=0.046) and ultrafiltration volume (421.37 ± 81.61 ml/dvs. 321.23 ± 71.94 ml/d;t=2.617, P=0.038) was significantly higher in observation group than those in control group. ConclusionShenkang bolt could help patients with CAPD balancethe immune, suppress inflammation and improve the RRF and ultrafiltration volume.