Objective To investigate the clinical value of individualization of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy strategies for prostate cancer detection.Methods Ninety-seven patients who were considered having prostate cancer underwent individualization prostate biopsy strategies as individualization group.Fifty-two patients who were considered having prostate cancer underwent systemic 6-core prostate biopsy as control group.The detection rate of prostate cancer and rate of complications were compared between two groups.Results The detection rate of prostate cancer in individualization group was 43.3 ％(42/97),there was no significant difference in age and prostate volume between the prostate cancer patients and the non-prostate cancer patients(P＞0.05),but the prostate specific antigen(PSA)level of the prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the non-prostate cancer patients[(26.4±2.9)μ g/L vs.(11.2±3.1)μ g/L,P=0.0000].The detection rate of prostate cancer in control group was 23.1％(12/52),the detection rate of prostate cancer in individualization group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.014).There was no significant difference in the rate of complications between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions The first detection rate of prostate cancer in individualization of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy strategies is higher than that by systemic 6-core prostate biopsy,and the rate of complications is not increased.The individualization of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy strategies for prostate cancer is good,safety,deserve clinical expansion.

BACKGROUND: Most cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with presenilin-1 mutation, which mainly occurs in the 5th and 8th exons. Except for the onset age and family history, sporadic AD is basically the same as early-onset familial AD regarding clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics. Is its pathogenesis also related to the mutation of presenilin-1 gene?OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between sporadic AD and presenilin-1 mutation.DESIGN: Case control analysis based on clinical diagnosis.SETTING: Neurology Department of the First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients who came to the Memory Obstacle Clinic of the First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between April 1998 and June 2000 but without familial history of AD were selected and divided into 3 groups: [1] AD group: There were 68 cases confirmed as probable having AD according to the clinical diagnostic standard of NINCDS-ADRDA. [2] Vascular dimentia (VaD) group: There were 25 cases confirmed as probable having vascular dimentia according to the clinical diagnostic standard of NINCDS-ADRDA. [3] Normal control group: There were 20 healthy elders (spouses of some patients in the above two groups)without dimentia.METHODS: The conventional phenol extraction method was used to withdraw DNA from peripheral blood, and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SCCP) was applied to detect the mutation of the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene.RESULTS: All the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene were proved to be composed of two single strands and a double strand by PCR-SCCP analysis.No abnormal electrophoresis was found, suggesting no that mutation occurred.CONCLUSION: Sporadic AD differs from familial AD in pathogenicity;mutation does not occur or seldom occurs in the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene, thereby cannot be considered as an important causive factor for sporadic AD.

Objective To evaluate the inflammatory response in the airway of healthy rats following exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. Methods Sixty healthy SD rats(30 males and 30 females,aged 6 weeks) were randomly divided into 6 groups. The rats in the exposed groups were placed by the main traffic road and those in the control group were placed in the normal laboratory environment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was analyzed on the 14th,30th and 90th day of exposure .WBC,NO,TNF-?,and IL-8 in BALF of the rats in each group were tested. Results The NO content [(9.75?4.78) ?mol/L] in BALF of the rats in the group exposed for 30 days was obviously higher than that in the control group [(4.40?1.45) ?mol/L],but there was no any obvious difference between the two groups in terms of the content of TNF-? and IL-8 in BALF. Conclusion This study demonstrates that exposure to vehicle exhaust can induce inflammatory response in healthy rats,the on-the-spot experiment on animal exposure can be used to observe early respiratory tract inflammation and 30 days of exposure is the sensitive period for the change of the inflammatory indicators.

Objective To explore the relationship between the endogenous plasma cortisol and the airway remodeling associated cytokines which was infected respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) through measuring the levels of them.Methods Forty-two infants diagnosed as acute RSV infection were divided into two groups,severe group(21 cases) and mild group(21 cases),as well as 21 healthy infants for control group.The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF- β 1) were determined by ELISA,the levels of plasma cortisol were determined by radio immunoaasay.Results The levels of plasma cortisol in severe group [(236.25 ± 119.87)μg/L] were significantly higher than those in mild group [(130.62 ±73.04)μg/L] and control group [(56.35 ±34.52)μg/L],there were significant differences (P ＜0.05),and the mild group was significandy higher than the control group(P＜ 0.05).The levels of TIMP-1 and TGF- β 1 in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group(P＜ 0.05),and the mild group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ); the ratio of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in severe group was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜0.05);the levels of MMP-9 in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group (P ＜0.05).The levels of lymphocytes,eosinophilic cells and CD4+,CD8+ in severe group were significantly lower than those in mild group (P＜0.05),and significantly lowerthan those in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of eosinophilic cells and CD8+ in mild group were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The infection of RSV results in the imbalance of the airway remodeling associated cytokines,which is a danger factor,and the imbalance may be related to the increased level of the plasma cortisol.

Objective:To explore the effect of continuous pumping normal saline at same infusion speed before flushing or sealing the tube on the hemodynamics of patients with hypovolemic shock receiving norepinephrine.Methods:A total of 56 cases of hypovolemic shock patients receiving norepinephrine via micro-pump were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group (28 cases in each group). Patients in the control group received conventional operation method to flush or seal the tube, while patients in the observation group continued pumping normal saline at the same infusion speed, followed by flushing or sealing the tube based on the control group. The changes of hemodynamics after flushing or sealing the tube was compared between two groups.Results:After 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min of flush or seal the tube, the systolic blood pressure were (105.4±17.4) mmHg, (106.3±21.3) mmHg, (102.1±14.5) mmHg, (100.6±16.9) mmHg, (101.0±14.3) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), mean arterial blood pressure were (81.1±8.6) mmHg, (82.4±9.9) mmHg, (78.6±7.3) mmHg, (76.9±6.7) mmHg, (75.7±6.5) mmHg in the observation group, lower than those in the control group [(150.6±26.7) mmHg, (151.8±30.1) mmHg, (139.7±29.8) mmHg, (125.3±25.3) mmHg, (114.4±21.6) mmHg and (107.4±11.6) mmHg, (106.1±11.5) mmHg, (98.1±11.1) mmHg, (88.9±9.6) mmHg, (79.5±8.0) mmHg], the differences were statically significant ( P<0.05). After 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min of flush or seal the tube, the diastolic blood pressure were (69.0±10.50)mmHg, (70.5±10.7)mmHg, (66.9±8.3)mmHg, (65.1±6.2)mmHg in the observation group, lower than those in the control group [(85.9±11.6) mmHg, (83.3±8.7) mmHg, (77.3±7.4)mmHg, (70.7±7.2) mmHg], the differences were statically significant ( t value was 10.199-18.464, P<0.05). Conclusions:Before flushing or sealing the tube, continue pumping normal saline at same infusion speed can reduce the risk of abnormal hemodynamics for the hypovolemic shock patients receiving norepinephrine via micro-pump.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori antigen in saliva and the activity of gastritis and like intestinal metaplasia(IM)or atypical hyperplasia(AH).Methods From June 2004 to June 2005 Helicobacter pylori antigen were detected in saliva of 246 persons by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the Hp-positive rates in saliva in patients with different gastritis were compared.Results The Hp-positive rate in saliva in patients with active chronic gastritis was 74.29%(26/35),which was significantly higher(P

The efectienes of acpuncture for smoking cessation was systematically evaluated in this paper. By using computer retrieval in Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG database, VIP database, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for smoking cessation from January of 1983 to December of 2013 were collected; by using Table of Standardized Report Factors for Acupuncture RCTs, each inclusive RCT was evaluated; and by using RevMan 5. 2 software, the Meta-analysis was performed. Totally 24 RCTs were included, involving 3084 cases of smoking. The result of literature quality assessment showed that the average score was 25. 71 points without low-quality RCT which had a score of less than 16 points. The Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture could significantly increase the short-time abstinence rate [RR=1. 48, 95% CI (1. 18,1. 84), Z=3. 47, P<0. 0005] and number of cigarettes smoked daily [RR=4. 35, 95% CI (2. 03, 6. 66), Z=3. 68, P<0. 001] and FTND [RR=2. 37, 95% CI (1. 88, 2. 86), Z= 9. 44, P<0. 00001], however, it could not increase the long-time abstinence rate [RR=1. 40, 95% Cl (0. 90, 2.17), Z=1. 49, P>0. 05]. Compared with other treatment, acupuncture has positive advantages on short-time abstinence rate, however, its effect on long-time abstinence rate needs to be verified by high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCT in the future.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Smoking ; psychology ; therapy ; Smoking Cessation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of erlotinib,an epidermal growth factor recceptor inhibitor,on human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC3 in vitro.Methods Methyhhiazolyhetrazolium(MTT)assay was used to detected the proliferation of BxPC3 after exposure to erlotinib,apoptosis and cell cycle changes were studied by flow eytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay(TUNEL).The expressions of bcl-2 mRNA,bax mRNA,bcl-xL mRNA and bak mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Edotinib inhibited BxPC3 cells growth in a dose and time dependent manner in vitro.The cell viabilities in erlotinib 1 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L groups 72 h later were(90.25 ±2.62)%and(40.75 ±2.98)%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The cell viability in edotinib 50 μmol/L groups 24 h and 96 h after BxPC3 exposure were(74.0±4.08)%and(49.50 ±1.29)%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Cell apoptosis rate in erlotinib 50 μmol/L group was(11.0 μ1.1)%,which was significantly higher than(6.2 ±1.1)%in control group(P<0.01).G_0/G_1 cell accounted for (73.4±1.3)%of all the cells,which was significantly higher than(63.3 ±1.O)%in control group.With transmission electron microscope,the morphology of BxPC3 ceils showed typical apoptosis and apoptotic body. The expressions of bcl-2 mRNA,bel-xl mRNA were down-regulated,while the expression of bax mRNA was slightly up-regulated,and the expression of bak mRNA was not affected.Conclusions The growth of BxPC3 cells could be suppressed by erlotinib and possible mechanisms involved blocking cell cycle,up-regulating apoptosis proteins and down-regulating apoptosis inhibitor proteins.

Objective To analyse the efficacy of lamivudine(LAM) combined adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) and entecavir(ETV) in the treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) .Methods Cochrane Library ,MEDLINE ,Web of Science ,CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure ) ,WANFANG database and VIP database were searched and the references of eligible studies were screened .All relevant literatures published before March 6th ,2012 were reviewed .Comparison of the efficacy of lami-vudine combined adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir in the treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis B was included and Rev Man 5 .1 software was used for Meta analysis .Results Four eligible studies (587 patients in all) were included for the analysis .In the entecavir monotherapy group ,the serum ALT normalization rate was a little higher at the 12 weeks and 24 weeks of the treat-ment compared to the combination group[OR=0 .52 ,95% CI(0 .28 ,0 .97) ,Z=2 .04 ,P=0 .04] ,[OR=0 .45 ,95% CI(0 .22 ,0 .95) , Z=2 .11 ,P=0 .04] ,respectively .But after 36 weeks there was no significance between the two groups .For HBV DNA undetect-able rate ,there were no significant differences between the two groups at the 12 weeks ,24 weeks ,36 weeks ,48 weeks ,18 months , 24 months and 30 months of the treatment (P=0 .22 ,P=0 .30 ,P=0 .86 ,P=0 .31 ,P=0 .93 ,P=0 .84 and P=0 .83 respectively) . At the 48 weeks ,HBeAg negative rate has no significant difference between the two groups [OR=0 .93 ,95% CI(0 .29 ,2 .95) ,Z=0 .13 ,P=0 .90] .Conclusion Both LAM+ADV combination therapy and ETV monotherapy are effective in the treatment of naive patients with CHB ,but further studies are still needed to obtain long term results and safety by high quality ,large scale randomized controlled trials .

Herpes zoster ( HZ, also known as shingles) , caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus ( VZV) , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters involving a limited area. Elderly individuals older than fifty years of age are at increased risk of contracting HZ. In China, HZ becomes a significant health burden along with population aging. The virological characteristics, clinical di-agnosis, epidemiological characteristics of HZ are summarized in this review. Moreover, the burden of HZ, risk factors as well as the prevention and control of HZ are also discussed.