This paper investigates 240 cases of medical disputes and interviews involved patients with questionnaires,explores patients′ behaviors,attitudes,and complaints in medical disputes,and analyzes the reasons and motivations for those behaviors and attitudes,in order to provide reference for reduce medical disputes and improve physician-patient relationship.

AIM: To establish an identification method of Fritillaria based on near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS). METHODS: Seven certified Fritillaria,i.e.,F.przewalskii Matim,F.cirrhosa D.Don,F.unibraacteate Hsiaaoet.K.C.Hsia,F.thunbergii Mig,F.pallidiflora,F.ussuriensis Matin and F.kupehensis Hsiaet K.C.Hsia,and three fake "Fritillaria",i.e.,F.thunbergii Varchekiugensis Hsiaet K.C.Hsia,Tulipa edulis and Iphigeniaindica were dried,grinded and sieved before their NIRDRS spectra were detected.Cluster analysis,convolution transform-visualization-similarity analysis were further employed to(identify) the NIRDRS of the ten herbal medicines. RESULTS: The zero-order NIRDRS spectra of the ten herbal medicines were too similar to be identified respectively.The cluster analysis helped differentiate the three fake "Fritillaria" from seven certified Fritillaria,but the identification between the certified Fritillaria remained dissatisfactory.The convolution transform-visualization-similarity analysis magnified and then quantified the minute differences between the certified Fritillaria,which significantly improved their identification. CONCLUSION: NIRDRS is a direct,non-destructive analytical method of solid samples.Coupled with information treatment techniques,DIRDRS provides a new identification method of crude traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective To generally analyze the current situations and advancement of the study on immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. Methods The pertinent published papers about the current situation and research advancement of the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer were retrospectively investigated. And also the immunogenicity and the varying principles of immunoresistance, the functional targets, the practicality, and some other characteristics of different immunotherapy for colorectal cancer were reviewed. Results The main treatments and the research focuses in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer are initiative nonspecific immunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, initiative specific immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. They work by fighting against the cancer itself, cutting off the tumor’s nutrition supply, activating the immune system specifically or breaking the immune tolerance and so on. Though there are still many problems unsolved, immunotherapy has a promising clinical prospect. Conclusion As a beneficial complement for surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, immunotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the combined therapy for colorectal cancer.

Objective To observe recombinant plasmids were constructed with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-SCF) , interleukin -21 (IL-21) and retinoic acid early transcription factor-1 (Rae-1), and observe the inhibitory effects in subcutaneous liver cancer model in mice with the recombinant plasmids.Methods The recombinant plasmids of GM-SCF, IL-21 and Rae-1 were constructed with RT-PCR method, mouse model was constructed, the model mice were randomly divided into six groups including control, IRES/GFP, IRES/IL21, IRES/GM-SCF, IRES/GM-SCF-IL21 and IRES/combination with 10 mice included in each group, each groups (15 mice) were treated with the corresponding gene therapy.The survival rate were observed after 60 days.The blood levels of interferon -γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin -2 (IL-2) were detected in each group.Results The pGM-CSF-GFP-IRES-Rae-1-IL-21 has been successfully constructed.All mice had demised 14 and 16 days after treatment in the control and IRES/GFP groups, respectively.There were 2, 1, 11 mice remaining after 60 days of treatment in the IRES/GM-SCF, IRES/IL21 and IRES/GM-SCF-IL21 groups respectively.The survival rate of mice at 60 days of treatment was 73.33%, 13.33%, and 6.67% for groups IRES/GM-SCF-IL21, IRES/GM-SCF and IRES/IL21, respectively.The survival rate of the mice was significantly higher in IRES/GM-SCF-IL21 than the other groups.The levels of IL-2 and INF-γof mice 1-6 days after treatment gradually increased in the IRES/combination groups, including IRES/GM-SCF-IL21, IRES/GM-SCF and IRES/IL21.They were highest in the IRES/combination group and lowest (P<0.01) in the IRES/GM-SCF and IRES/IL21 groups, with the IRES/GM-SCF-IL21 group showing intermediate levels.By 6-10 days after treatment, IL-2 and INF-γlevels had stably increased in the IRES/combination groups, but had gradually decreased in the IRES/GM-SCF-IL21, IRES/GM-SCF and IRES/IL21 groups.At the end of treatment, IL-2 and INF-γlevels were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the IRES/GM-SCF-IL21 than were found in either the IRES/GM-SCF group or IRES/IL21 group, which were also significantly (P<0.01) higher than either the IRES/GFP or control groups.The levels of IL-2 and INF-γwere highest in the IRES/combination group ( P<0.01) and not significantly different among the IRES/GM-SCF, IRES/IL21, IRES/GFP, and control groups.Conclusion The inhibitory effects in subcutaneous liver cancer model in mice were obvious significantly, and its mechanism maybe be related to the activation of the body's immune.

Objective To explore humidifying effects for artificial airway of mechanically ventilated patients by heat/moisture exchanger(HME) combined closed endotracheal suctioning(CS).Methods A total of 114 patients who had mechanical ventilation for at least 48h were randomly divided into two groups with 59 cases in experimental grooup and 55 cases in control group.HME combined CS were used in the experimental group,heated humidifier combined open endotracheal suctioning were used in the control group.The effect of humidification, the reserved time of artificial airway,the time on mechanical ventilation, the time of stay in ICU, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) and the mortality rate between the two groups were compared.Results Significant differences were found in the effect of humidification between the experimental group and the control group,more cases found insufficiency of humidification or excessive humidification and airway spasm in the control group, however,less time on mechanical ventilation and stay in ICU in the experimental group.The incidence of VAP in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group.There were no significant differences existed in the reserved time of artificial airway and the mortality rate between the two groups.There were no accident of humidification occurred in the experimental group,while 8 cases complicated with choking with water in the control group.Condusion HME combined CS,used in mechanically ventilated patients ,could help to improve the effects of airway humidification and reduce the incidence of VAP,also shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Aim To study the effect of 5F on tubulin polymerization.Methed 5F was added into the tubulin polymerization-depolymerization system and the changes of Absorption values at 350 nm, 37 ℃ were recorded. Results 5F decreased the Absorption values of the reaction system.and markedly inhibited not only tubulin polymerization but also tubulin depolymerization. Conclusion 5F inhibits tubulin polymerization and depolymerization, and leads to cell cycle arrested, and possibly induces apoptosis.

Objective To determine diosgenin content in Jingangteng soft capsule by RP-HPLC.Methods A RP-HPLC was performed on a Shim-Pak VP-ODS C18column(5?m,4.6 mm? 250 mm),the mobile phase consisting of acetonitri le-H2O(87∶13) and the detected wavelength at 209 nm.Results A good line arity was obtained in the range 0.0595～ 14.875 ? g(r=0.99999) for diosgenin. The average recovery and RSD were 99.4 % and 2.0 % respectively(n=5).Concl usion The method is simple,rapid,stable and reliable,and can be used to determine diosgenin content in Jingangteng soft capsule.