Objective To explore the effect of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline on headshakes behavior and levels of monoamine neurotransmitter in model rats with Tourette syndrome.Methods 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into DOI-induced head-shakes rats (HSR group),haloperidol group,rhynchophylline group and isorhynchophylline group with 10 in each group.The inhibitory effects of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were estimated by observing the HSR behavior.Dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in the rat striatum were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.The 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in prefrontal lobe cortex of the rats was measured by real-time PCR.Results Compared with HSR group,the head shakes of the rats in haloperidol group and isorhynchophylline group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and no change of head-shakes number was observed in rhynchophylline group (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference of head-shakes number between the haloperidol group and isorhynchophylline group(P＞0.05).Compared with HSR group,DA levels in the rat striatum were significantly decreased in isorhynchophylline group and haloperidol group((152.35± 5.80) μ~L vs (111.19±4.30) μg/L,(152.35±5.80) μg/L vs (126.42±3.17) μg/L,P＜0.01),while DA levels in the rat striatum in rhynchophylline group were not changed ((152.35±5.80) μg/L vs (142.71±5.51) μg/L,P＞0.05).There was no significant change of 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in rat prefrontal lobe cortex in every group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Isorhynchophylline may have an inhibitory effect on rats with DOI-induced HSR.Isorhynchophylline may decrease the DA levels in the rat stratum with DOI-induced HSR.Rhynchophylline has no significant inhibitory effect on head-shakes behavior and DA levels in the rat stratum with DOI-induced HSR.

Objective: To study the pathophysiological role of tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF ?) and interleukin6 (IL 6) in trauma by assaying concentration of TNF ? in blood after maxillofacial gunshot wounds in dogs. Methods: Before and after gunshot wounds, concentration of TNF ? and IL 6 in the plasma of dogs were assessed by ELISA method at different times. Results: Although the systemic injuries in our gunshot wound model were no very severe and the dogs had no severe complications, the TNF ? concentration in plasma became significantly higher in the first 2 6 h after the gunshot wounds. They varied greatly with each dog and became normal after 10 h without treatment. IL 6 was not detected in blood. Conclusion: TNF ? expression in blood after gunshot wounds is the normal host immune response to the trauma, its circulating concentrations might be associated with the injury severity. But their transient expressions do not significantly increase the severity of the trauma. [

Objective To observe the effects of long term injection sodium salicylate on the auditory brain-stem response(ABR)and expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase -67(GAD67) in rat inferior colliculus .Methods Eighteen healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups :the sodium salicylate group (intramuscular injection of 10% sodium salicylate ,175 mg/kg ,twice daliy for 28 days) ,the saline group (intramuscular injection with saline on same does at the same time) ,the control group (without any treatment) .The rats received ABR after modeling ,then were decapitated and inferior colliculus tissues were stripped .Western blot was used to study the dif-ferent expression of GAD67 protein levels in the three groups .Results Compared with the saline group and control group ,ABR thresholds of the sodium salicylate group were significantly elevated and latency of wave Ⅲ was aslo sig-nificantly prolonged(P<0 .01) ,while there was no significant difference between the saline group and the control group(P>0 .05) .The inferior colliculus GAD67 protein expression level of sodium salicylate group was significantly higher than the saline group and control group(P<0 .01) ,while there was no significant difference between the saline group and the control group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Long term injection of sodium salicylate can cause a change in the inferior colliculus of GAD67 protein expression and the up regulation of GAD67 expression may occur as a com-pensatory response to increase inhibiting effect .The change of GAD67 protein expression is likely as a compensatory and regulatory mechanisms for sodium salicylate ototoxicity .

Objective To study changes of auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABR)and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)during the critical period of the development of the auditory cortex in rats. Methods Fifty Sprague - Dawley (SD)rat pups were divided into five groups(n=10 per group):postnatal 14 days group,postnatal 21 days group,postnatal 28 days group,postnatal 35 days group and postnatal 42 days group.The rats were decapitated after the evaluation of ABR.The auditory cortex was taken and immunohisto-chemical staining was used to detect the expression of GFAP in rat auditory cortex in each group.The protein ex-pressions of GFAP in rat auditory cortex in each group were tested by western blot methods respectively.ResuIts The ABR thresholds gradually decreased along with the increasing days after the birth.The average ABR thresholds in postnatal 14 days group,postnatal 21 days group,postnatal 28 days group,postnatal 35 days group and postnatal 42 days group were (84.5 ± 4.97)dB SPL ,(70.5±3.69)dB SPL ,(58.5±5.80)dB SPL,(37.0±4.83)dB SPL and(35.5±3.69)dB SPL,respectively.There were no significant differences in ABR thresholds between the postnatal 35 days group and the postnatal 42 days group (P>0.05),whereas,significant differences were found among the other groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01.GFAP expression in auditory cortex gradually increased in all five groups.The average integrated optical density (IOD)of postnatal 14 days group,postnatal 21 days group,postnatal 28 days group,postnatal 35 days group and postnatal 42 days group were 474.36±234.56,1465.93 ±474.96,2163.06 ± 353.36,6572.01±808.88 and 7244.37±932.90,respectively.The differences among all five groups were statisti-cally significant (P<0.05 orP<0.01 ).The protein levels of GFAP in the auditory cortex of postnatal 14 days group,postnatal 21 days group,postnatal 28 days group,postnatal 35 days group and postnatal 42 days group were 1.00±0.06,3.07±0.07,4.92±0.05,6.88±0.03 and 8.92±0.04.The differences among all five groups were sta-tistically significant (P<0.05).ConcIusion The ABR threshold gradually decreased and GFAP expression in audi-tory cortex gradually increased from postnatal 14 days to postnatal 42 days ,suggesting that astrocytes may promote the development and maturation of the auditory cortex and the auditory central system in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To select a technique for preparation of fluconazole for injection and to establish a method for determination of its content.METHODS:The formula was selected on the basis of pH value and species of solution adjuvant.The content was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The preparation was stable when pH value was between6.5～8.5,and its clarity could be increased by propylene glycol.The detectable concentration of fluconazole showed a good linear correlation in the range of40～200?g/ml.The average recovery was100.37%,RSD=1.37%(n=3).CONCLUSION:The fluconazole for injection prepared by the present technique is stable in quality and the method for content determination is accurate and practicable.

Objective To study the expression of TrkB and c-fos in rat auditory cortex after long -term ad‐ministration of sodium salicylate and the mechanisms of salicylate ototoxiclty .Methods Normal adult rats were di‐vided into three groups :normal group without any treatment ,long -term treatment group given i .m .injections , 175 mg/kg ,twice daily at 9:00 am and 6 :00 pm for consecutive 14 days and the recovered group using the same method as the chronic group except that they were sacrificed 28 days after salicylate treatment ceased .After the de‐tection of ABR ,rats were sacrificed after deep anesthesia ,and the auditory cortexes were dissected rapidly .Real-time PCR and Western-blot were explored to detect the expression of TrkB and c-fos .Results The average ABR threshold of normal rats was 36 ± 2 .23 dB SPL .The average ABR threshold of long -term group was 41 .3 ± 3 .31 dB SPL ,which was significantly increased than normal group(P<0 .01) .The average ABR threshold of the recoveredgroup was 38 .6 ± 5 .51 dB SPL .There were no differences between the recovered group and normal group(P>0 . 05) .The expression of c-fos mRNA(1 .24 ± 0 .09)and protein(0 .70 ± 0 .12)in the long -term group were signifi‐cantly increased ,when compared with the normal group .The c-fos mRNA(1 .23 ± 0 .04)and protein(0 .68 ± 0 .08) expression in the recovered group were also significantly increased compared with the normal group .The expression of TrkB mRNA(1 .26 ± 0 .10)and protein(1 .85 ± 0 .17)in the long -term group were significantly increased ,when compared with the normal group .The TrkB mRNA(1 .23 ± 0 .07)and protein(1 .80 ± 0 .08)expression in the recov‐ered group were also significantly increased compared with the normal group .Conclusion The inereased expression of c-fos in the long -term group may be related to the enhancement of central auditory function .The inereased ex‐pression of Trk-B in the long -term group might be involved in instability of synaptic plasticity in tinnitus .

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in terminal stage patients with malignant tumor. METHODS:The inpatients with malignant tumor who died in the department of medical oncology of our hospital from Mar. 2013 to Mar. 2016 were analyzed retrospectively in respects of general situation,infection situation and antibiotics use. RESULTS:Among 149 inpatients,a total of 129 infection cases were found in 113 patients(75.8%). The most frequent sites of infection were lung(65.9%),followed by digestive tract/abdomen(13.2%),and skin/wound(6.2%). 100 patients (67.1%)received antibiot-ics,61.1% of which were empiric treatment. β-lactam/β-lactam lactamase inhibitor(41.8%),fluoroquinolone(21.7%)and cepha-losporin(16.9%)were the top 3 frequently prescribed antibiotics. The effective rate of antibiotics treatment was as low as 15.8%, which was believed to be linked with the survival duration since infection occurred (P<0.001),the Karnofsky performance scale (KPS)score when infection occurred(P<0.001)and the duration of antibiotics treatment(P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS:Terminal stage patients with malignant tumor are vulnerable to infections,especially to pulmonary infection. The empirical broad-spectrum an-tibiotics are widely used in terminal patients with malignant tumor,but the effectiveness rate of antibiotic treatment is in low level. For those terminal stage patients with malignant tumor and with KPS score<60 points,when futile antibiotics treatment last for more than 7 days,timely termination of antibiotics treatment is a better choice.

Objective To develop two-grille latrines with the effect of non-hazardous treatment. Methods According to the result of the pretest, one type of two-grille latrines was selected and constructed and its effect of non-hazardous treatment was evaluated. Results The faces-treatment pool, with cement-prefab structure and obturation, had a total cubage of 1.32 m3. The average total amount of faces in the pool was 1.05 m3 per family per month, and the pool could store the faces for over 34 days. The “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of the fecal coliform bacteria were 100% among the excrement in the outlet. Conclusions The prefab two-grille latrines can reach the criteria of non-hazardous treatment, and they can be used in well-off rural areas without the usage of manure.

Objective To investigate the effects of playful training on home environment and development in children with cerebral palsy. Methods89 children with cerebral palsy were divided into observation group (45 cases) and control group (44 cases). All children were treated with normal strengthen rehabilitation in hospital. The observation group received the training playfully. They were assessed with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) and Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) before and 6 months after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, The HOME scores in observation group was significantly better than those before treatment and in control group （P<0.01）. The Psychomotor Dvelpment Index (PDI) of BISD was improved in both groups （P<0.01） with significant different between them（P<0.05）. The Mental Development Index (MDI) of BISD in observation group was significantly better than those before training and in control group （P<0.01）. ConclusionPlayful training can improve the development and home environment in children with cerebral palsy.