Objective To investigate the long-term effects of early exposure to general anesthesia and surgery on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.Methods One hundred children who received general anesthesia and non-neurosurgery and non-cardiac-chest surgery operation (anesthesia group),were divided into one time anesthesia and multiple anesthesia.Fifty healthy children who did not receive general anesthesia and operation were as control group.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in sex,age,educational background etc.The Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition (Chinese version) and the child sensory integration check list were used to evaluate the intelligence and sensory integration function of the 2 groups.Results In development of intelligence,there was no significant difference between 2 groups in full intelligence quotient,verbal comprehension index,perceptual reasoning index,working memory index,processing speed index,general ability index and cognitive productive index.In intelligence structure,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index was significantly higher in anesthesia group one time and multiple anesthesia than that in control group [12.0％(6/50) and 26.0％(13/50) vs.6.0％(3/50),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in the incidence of sensory integration dysfunction between 2 groups.However,in anesthesia group,the incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction in multiple anesthesia was significantly higher than that in one time anesthesia [44.0％ (22/50) vs.22.0％ (11/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions In general,general anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life has no significant long-term effects on children's intelligence and sensory integration function.However,the incidence of clinically meaningful difference between verbal comprehension index-working memory index increases in the anesthesia children.Children who received multiple anesthesia and surgery during the first three years of life have a higher incidence of vestibule balance dysfunction.

Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder that has high rate of prevalence and recurrence. Currently, its pathogenesis is still unclear. Scholars agree that it's relevant to joint action of many factors. With the development of molecular biology, genetic and molecular studies concerning the pterygium achieved a breakthrough progress. Now the development of study in the pathogenesis of pterygium is reviewed in this paper.

With the wide application of digital technique in dental clinic,the virtual articulator has become an important tool of CAD/CAM systems for dental labs.The presented article introduces the classification,advantages and setting parameters of the virtual articulator.The authors also comment on the current commercial products of the virtual articulators in the domestic market.

Objective To explore medication rule of vertigo and headache of TCM master Yan Zhenghua.Methods In this study,44 prescriptions for vertigo and 32 prescriptions for headache were collected and analyzed based on ACCESS database.Results The three most commonly used herbs in prescription for vertigo are red peony root (100％),white peony root (79.5％),and gastrodia tuber (65.9％),and the most commonly used two-drug compatibility is red peony root and gastrodia tuber (61.4％) ; the three most commonly used herbs in prescription for headache are red peony root (68.8％),tribulus terrestris (68.8％),and white chrysanthemums (65.6％),and the most commonly used two-drug compatibility is red peony root and tribulus terrestris (59.4％).Conclusion Professor Yah Zhenghua's basic governing method to treat vertigo and headache ispromote blood circulation and relieve painandpacify the liver to subdue yang.

The important meaning of the construction of an economical-type mode of health economy management is expounded, and the measure and principle of it should be taken and followed. This management mode can relieve the social problem of "high expense and difficulties in medieine.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adverse reaction induced by Chinese herbal injection. Methods Multiple cases report in domestic medical periodicals were searched and analysed by bibliometric and statistic meth-ods. Results Fifty-six reports on muti-ADR cases related to 16 different kinds of Chinese herbal injection were collected. There were 67299 patients and 1348 ADR cases related to Chinese herbal injection. The average ADR incidence was 2.00 % ;the highest incidence of 43.28 % was shown in cinobufotalin injection and the lowest incidence of 0. 25 % in zedoary turmeric oil injection). Skin lesion, and circulatory and digestive lesion dominated in ADRs. Conclusion we should use Chinese herbal in-jection more rationally, and enhance prevention awareness to reduce the incidence of ADR induced by Chinese herbal injection.

Objective To evaluate the radiofrequency ablation in treatment of primary and recurrent liver cancer and to explore the risk factors affecting prognosis.Methods 1 64 patients with primary and recurrent liver cancer underwent radiofrequency ablation treatment.The clinical data including liver function before and after treatment,alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),the rate of relapse and survivalwere retrospectively analyzed.The univariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyzed the risk factors associated with the prognosis.Then the risk prognostic factors were analyzed using COX risk model.Results After treatment,AFP and liver function were significantly improved in patients (P<0.05);Complete tumor ablation rate was 87.50%.After cancer treatment 1,2,3,4 years,the recurrence rate was 17.9%,29.9%, 45.9% and 55.0% respectively.Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation is an effective treatment for primary liver cancer treatment,the risk factors affecting prognosis include tumor differentiation,tumor recurrence,TNM stage,AFP,intraoperative blood transfusion, surgical,cancer and surgical site before surgery transaminase levels.

History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; International Agencies ; history ; Pathology ; education ; history

Objective To investigate the characteristics of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)values in the normal fetal kidney and to explore the normal data reference of fetal kidney by using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).Methods 71 normal kidneys of fetuses confirmed by ultrasound and MR were examined with DWI with four b values of 100 s/mm2 ,200 s/mm2 ,500 s/mm2 and 700 s/mm2 ADC values of the symmetrical ROIs were compared between left and right kidney for each b value.While ADC values between different group in ipsilateral kidney were compared between different b values.And the relationship between ADC values and gestational age was also evaluated.Results When b = 100 s/mm2 ,there was a statistically significant difference between the ADC value of left and right kidney,and the remaining group showed no statistically significant differences between the ADC values of left and right kidney.Comparisons among different b values of ipsilateral kidney showed statistically significant differences among the groups with different b values except the comparison between b=100 s/mm2 and b=700 s/mm2 groups of the right kidney with the increase of gestational weeks,the ADC values of bilateral kidneys were declining,and there was a reflection of this trend in different b values. Conclusion It is feasible for using DWI to evaluate the fetal kidney development.With a selected different b value,ADC value is a specific quantitative parameter that could help evaluating normal fetal kidney development.

Prof Yan(1920-)is one of the first batch of National Famous Traditional Chinese Doctors conferred by the national government.He is a well-known clinical physician and educator in TCM.He also is the representative inheritor of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project conferred by Ministry of Culture.Prof YAN as one of a few prominent doctors is now still persisting in clinic.He did great contribution to development of TCM.The author,as his academic inheritor,followed his clinical practice for years and understood his academic thoughts from mouth-heart-teaching.Then the author summarized his clinical experience and strategy of prescription.The article may be a reference for inheritance of Prof Yan's academic thoughts.