Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on use of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which is mainly induced by growth factors (GFs). In general, GFs for chondrogenic induction come from the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. To date, the most commonly used GFs for chondrogenes is TGF-beta1/3. However, the response of hADSCs to GFs may differ significantly from that of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) treatment induced TGF-beta receptor-I expression of hADSCs. It seems that these two cell populations varied strongly in their potency to undergo chondrogenesis in the same medium conditions. Here, we provide a concise review on various GFs used in chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cartilage ; Cell Differentiation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Chondrogenesis ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To study the image findings and clinical characteristics ofmultislice helical CT (MSCT) in intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinomas.Methods Fifteen patients of pathologically confirmed intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinomas were studied retrospectively.The image findings of MSCT and clinical manifestations,laboratory tests of each case were recorded respectively.Results All patients image findings of MSCT:density was uneven,moderately low congestion densities was 14 patients.High and low congestion densities was 1 patient,pathologically confirmed bleeding.Obscure boundary and atrophy of liver lobe was 10 patients,adjacent liver capsule retraction was 11 patients,combined with ductal dilatation was 11 patients,intrabepatic calculi was 5 patients,ductal wall thickening with or without narrowed bile duct was 9 patients,satellite nodules was 10 patients.Enhancement scanning showed:peripheral enhancement was 11 patients,arterial phase border enhancement was 11 patients,all had delayed enhancement,honeycomb-like enhancement was 3 patients,obliteration or invasion of portal vein was 11 patients.Conclusion There are some clinical characteristics of MSCT findings in intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinomas.

Objective To study the relationship between serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels and clinical features in the patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was used to detect the concentration of MIF in sera of 75 patients with colorectal cancer (35 case with primary colorectal cancer and 40 cases with lymphnode metastasis of colorectal cancer) and 40 healthy controls. The relationship between serum MIF levels and clinical features was analyzed. Results Serum MIF was found to be significantly elevated in the patients with colorectal cancer(mean value 31.2ng/ml) compared with healthy subjects (mean value 13.6ng/ml) (P <0. 001). The levels of MIF in colorectal cancer were significantly correlated with advanced clinical progression pathology stages (P <0. 05) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 05). Conclusions Increased expression level of MIF in serum may promote the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and M1F is closely associated with the stages and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To discuss the factors which are related with curative effects of endoscopic sinus sur-gery of sinusitis and nasal polyps. Methods 480 patients with rhinosinusopatia who were received endoscopic sinus surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Results The curative rate was 74.5% ,improved rate was 18.1% ,ineffective rate was 7.3%,the effective rate was 92.7%. Conclusion ESS is an effective method for the treatment of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. However,the therapeutic effects were closely related with the clinical types of lesion. Ap-propriate treatment to the diseased middle turbinate and deviated nasal septum during the period of surgery and effec-tive combined treatment after operation are very importint to the long-term therapeutic effects of ESS on these lesion.

OBJECTIVE:TO summarize the newest clinical application of permanent cardiac pacemaker, and introduce the relationship between the therapy efficacy and mechanism.DATA SOURCES: Related papers were searched in Pubmed from January 2000 to December 2006 with the terms of "pacemaker,application",and the language of paper was limited to English,at the same time,related papers were searched in WangFang Database with the same terms and the language of paper was limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:The papers relevant to the newest large-scale clinical trial about the cardiac pacemaker were primarily collected.Exclusion criteria:repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 203 pieces of papers related to the newest clinical application of cardiac pacemaker were collected,among which,30 pieces accorded with the inclusion criteria.DATA SYNTHESIS:The pacemaker can simulate the normal myocardium cell's function pacing and conducting the rhythm. Consequently it can substitute the abnormal myocardium cell to ensure the sequence and completeness of the cardiac pacing and conducting system,the natural electrophysiological activity,and the efficiency of the cardiac ejection and blood supply.The clinical application is not only for single bradycardia, but also for cardiac electric failure, cardiac electric turbulence,and some heart diseases without cardiac electric abnormity.With pacemaker miniaturization,digital signal processing, improved diagnostics and endocardial electrograms, modern pacemakers are able to offer a sophisticated therapeutic and diagnostic platform for the patients with refractory symptoms.CONCLUSION:The pacemaker can simulate the normal myocardium cell's function pacing and conducting the rhythm.It therapy for congenital heart disease.