To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

With the indepth studies of molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma ( RCC),people have made great progress in the targeted therapy drugs which targeted at vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors,which dramatically improve the treatment outcome for patients with advanced or metastatic RCC.However,recent clinical trails show that the targeted therapy drugs may cause adverse events,such as hypertension,bone marrow toxicity,pneumonitis and so on.It is important to manage the adverse events promptly not only to improve the therapeutic efficacy but also to improve the quality of life for patients with RCC.

Objective To discuss the indications and efficacy for treating tibia insertion avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)by the mean of the end of ligament suture via arthroscopy.Methods Twenty-one cases of tibia insertion avulsion fracture of PCL were treated with suture the end of ligament via arthroscopy from June 2007 to June 2009,including 14 males,7 females,with a mean age of 31.5 years(range,13-52 years).The insertion avulsion fragment was fixed to the tibia with two strands of 5Ethibond threads via arthroscopy.Two bone tunnels(2.5 mm in width)were made from the anterior part of the tibia to the posteromedial(at 4:30 toward)and posterolateral(at 7:30 toward)of the tibia bone bed respectively.Then the sutures were pulled out through the two bone tunnels and tied to the door-nail.Reduction and healing of the avulsion fragment,relaxation and mobility degree of knee,and the influence of osteoepiphysis to teenage patients were observed after surgery.KT-2000 value and Lysholm score were calculated.Results All cases were followed up from 10 to 24 months,with an average of 13.5 months.All the fragments were united without displacement in all cases according to X-ray films.One case showed posterior drawer test(+),but the tibia insertion was healed.The knee extension in all cases was unlimited,and 10° to 15° flexion limitation was found in 2 cases.The average range of flexion was 140.5°±3.8°.On average,KT-2000 value was(1.2±0.4)mm,Lysholm score was 95.2±2.7.Conclusion For treating the avulsion fracture of PCL,suture the end of ligament via arthroscopic transfixion can get a reliable fixation and a satisfied function of the knee,especially,which is suitable for the small avulsion fracture fragments,the adolescent patients with premature epiphysis.

OBJECTIVE: To select the proper experimental animal model for research on prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia. METHOD: Hyperlipidemia models of mouse, rat, golden hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, pigeon and quail often used in the last ten years were compared. RESULTS: Golden hamster and guinea pig models are similar to human beings in lipid metabolism and have unique superiority in experimental study, while the models of rat, mouse, pigeon and quail have significant difference as compared with human beings. Rabbit is one of the best animal models in studying new drugs for regulating lipid and treating arteriosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Factors such as the required time, indexes, the duration of making models, and the cost and feeding of animals should be considered in selecting animal models according with the experimental requirements.

Objective To evaluate the value of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP),C-reactive protein(CRP) and D-dimer(D-D) in prognosis of elderly patients confined to bed.Methods The clinical data of 150 elderly patients confined to bed were reviewed retrospectively,and 35 patients were in dead group and 115 patients were in survival group.The level o f plasma NT-proBNP,CRP and D-D were measured before treatment,during treatment and after treatment.Their characteristics and dynamic change were analyzed,and the value of NT-proBNP,CRP and D-D was evaluated in prognosis of elderly patients confined to bed.Results The level of NT-proBNP,D-D and CRP in dead group before treatment,during treatment and after treatment were significantly higher than those in survival group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The peak level of NT-proBNP,D-D and CRP in dead group emerged after treatment.By the way,the peak level of NT-proBNP,D-D and CRP in survival group emerged before treatment.Incidence of two or three markers positive in dead group [37.1％ (13/35),54.3％ (19/35)] was significantly greater than that in survival group [20.9％ (24/115),8.7％ (10/115)] (P =0.032,0.008).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of NT-proBNP,D-D and CRP were independent predictors of 28-day mortality (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The level of NT-proBNP,CRP and D-D are increased in severe elderly hospitalized patients.The level of above indexes have a dynamic change and reach peak before death.They are the independent prognostic markers of hospital mortality.Combined detection of NT-proBNP,D-D and CRP can improve the predictive value of hospital mortality in elderly patients confined to bed.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of compound glycyrrhizin(SNMC)combining artificial liver on severe hepatitis.METHODS:58patients with severe hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups,for the control group,apart from the basic treatment,each of them was also given plasmapheresis or hemoperfusion every3d～5d for5～10times ac?cording to their state of illness;For the treatment group,they were treated with SNMC apart from the therapy of the control group.RESULTS:The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were64.52%and40.74%,respec?tively,thus significant differences existed between the2groups(P