Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on use of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering owing to their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, which is mainly induced by growth factors (GFs). In general, GFs for chondrogenic induction come from the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. To date, the most commonly used GFs for chondrogenes is TGF-beta1/3. However, the response of hADSCs to GFs may differ significantly from that of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs). It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) treatment induced TGF-beta receptor-I expression of hADSCs. It seems that these two cell populations varied strongly in their potency to undergo chondrogenesis in the same medium conditions. Here, we provide a concise review on various GFs used in chondrogenic differentiation of hADSCs in vitro.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cartilage ; Cell Differentiation ; Chondrocytes ; cytology ; Chondrogenesis ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To discuss the factors which are related with curative effects of endoscopic sinus sur-gery of sinusitis and nasal polyps. Methods 480 patients with rhinosinusopatia who were received endoscopic sinus surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Results The curative rate was 74.5% ,improved rate was 18.1% ,ineffective rate was 7.3%,the effective rate was 92.7%. Conclusion ESS is an effective method for the treatment of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. However,the therapeutic effects were closely related with the clinical types of lesion. Ap-propriate treatment to the diseased middle turbinate and deviated nasal septum during the period of surgery and effec-tive combined treatment after operation are very importint to the long-term therapeutic effects of ESS on these lesion.

Objective To study the relationship between serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels and clinical features in the patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was used to detect the concentration of MIF in sera of 75 patients with colorectal cancer (35 case with primary colorectal cancer and 40 cases with lymphnode metastasis of colorectal cancer) and 40 healthy controls. The relationship between serum MIF levels and clinical features was analyzed. Results Serum MIF was found to be significantly elevated in the patients with colorectal cancer(mean value 31.2ng/ml) compared with healthy subjects (mean value 13.6ng/ml) (P <0. 001). The levels of MIF in colorectal cancer were significantly correlated with advanced clinical progression pathology stages (P <0. 05) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0. 05). Conclusions Increased expression level of MIF in serum may promote the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and M1F is closely associated with the stages and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Hepatic surgery has got fast development during recent years. Hepatic anatomic complexity is not the fence of hepatic surgery development. The limit of liver function reserve controls hepatic operation and makes surgeons confused. The investigation of hepatic function reserve has made great prograsses recently. This article reviewed domestic and overseas documents to explain the contrilmtion of liww functional reselwe examination for hepatic surgery on the basis of hepateetomy quantity, tumor postoperative relapse, liver transplantation , liver function failure and liver function reserve detection.

In order to evaluate the quality of life and affecting risk factors for the elderly populations, cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1731 elderly individuals at Shimenerlu Community in Shanghai. The results showed that the average quality of life of the participants was above medium level, and most elderly demonstrated good quality of life. Moreover, 1536 elderly individuals (88.9%) developed at least one chronic disease, and the incidence of depression was up to 17. 2%. Affecting factors of quality of life included daily life capability, severity of disease, age, depression symptom, marriage, community activities, care provider, gender, number of disease, diabetes, hobby, income, expense, family support, and living conditions. No correlation with education, career, health insurance, and partner's disease was found. Those data suggest that community heahhcare should pay more attention to the management of chronic diseases and mental health, the development of family resources, and the improvement of hobbies and social activities in the elderly populations.