Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary damages, natural course and surgical management including different techniques,outcomes and complications.

To evaluate the role and efficacy of vitrectomy in the treatment of eye injuries in children with posterior segment involvement, forty-six eyes in 45 children aged under 16 with injuries involved posterior segment treated with pars plana vitreetomy are studied retrospectively. Six eyes underwent vitreetomy only, the others combined with seleral buekling and/ or gas-fluid exchange, and rarely, silicon oil tam-ponade; Seventeen eyes with lensectomy. Thirty-four (73.91%) of the 46 eyes achieved surgical success. Of 13 (28.26%) eyes with retinal detachments, six (46.15%) achieved reatachment. The failure of surgery was mainly due to retinal detachment, which mostly characterized by anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We conclude that pars plana vitrectomy is an important therapeutic operation for eye injury in children with posterior segment involvement. The key factor that influence the outcome of eye injury in children is the treatment of traumatic retinal deatchment.

Clinical analysis of 42 cases of scleral rupture revealed that the injures were caused by blunt objects in 42.9％ and by sharp objects in 38.1％ of the cases. The wound was mostly on the nasal side of the eye (71.43％ OD) and (78.95％ OS) with no correlation to the causes. The concurrent manifestations included hyphema (63.4％), posterior uveal or vitreous prolapse or vitreous heamorrhage (52.3％), and lens opacity or missing (over 21.4％). Enucleation was performed in 9 cases,of which 7 cases followed blunt contusion. The indications for enucleation were that the scleral wound extending posteriorly beyond the rectus muscle insertions or≥10mm in length,visual acuity≤LP, hyphema, lens dislocated or missing and vitreous heamorrhage.

Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis is a rare and severe intraocular bacterial infection.In this paper we present the first reported ease in China,to our knowledge,of chronic suppurative endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia asteroides after ocular perforative trauma.Cases of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis in foreign literature are reviewed,and the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment,as well as prognosis of exogenous Nocardia endophthalmitis, are extensively discussed.

Objective To investigate effects cytokine of rhIFN-a and their on ultrastructure of hypertrophic scar derived fibroblasts and explore its mechanism.Methods Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultivated in vitro were observed and analysed through transmission elextron microscope(TEM).Then the effects of rhIFN-a on biological behavior and pathological changes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts have been determined.(Results) Compared with the control group,the experimental rhIFN-a group could be observed changes in inhibition of fibroblasts growth and proliferation with the mitochondrion swelling,its ridge dissolving and apoptosis promoting.Conclusions rhIFN-a can suppress growth and proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and promotes apoptosis.This indicates that ,as a negative modulation factor,rhIFN-a is important in the treatment of hypertrophic scar.

The adductor spasticity is a common symptom in children with cerebral palsy. The ultramicrostructure damages have been found in adductor. If the spasticity is not treated in time, there will be some secondary injury, such as hip joint dislocation, muscle tendon crispation, contracture of joint, hip pain, and so on. The treatment for adductor spasticity includes stretching, orthosis, training device, selective posterior rhizotomy, neurotomy of anterior branch of obturator nerve, Adductor myotomy, phenol block, Botulinum Toxin injection, Intrathecal baclofen etc. Every method has its own advantage and disadvantage.

砄bjective: To study the rule of the degradation of HA artificial bone(HAB). Methods: The samples of HAB were immersed in PBS or distilled water (DW),the changes of the shape, weight, compressive strength of the samples and pH value of the immersion solutions were measred at the intervals of 2 or 4 weeks until 28 weeks. Results: At 4 weeks, HAB began to be degraded, 8 weeks later, the speed of the degradation slowed down. From 4 to 12 weeks, the compressive strength decreased rapidly. The pH value of the immersion solutions decreased from 2 to 12 weeks,but increased from 12 to 28 weeks when it was close to the neutral value. Conclusion: HA artificial bone can be degraded in PBS solution, and the degradation can cause noticeable changes of the compressive strength of the material and pH value of the immersion solution.

Somatostatin(SS)is an inhibiting gut hor- mone that widely exists in central nervous system(CNS), gastrointestinal tract,pancreatic tissue.A lot of research- es indicate the anticancer activity of somatostatin ana- logue.It was reported to suppress proliferation of endo- crine tumors,especially some solid tumors in digestive system.This review summarizes the progress on mecha- nism of somatostatin analogue(SSTA)and its influences on colon cancer of in recent years.

0.05 ).②The level of serum IgG increased in Gln group and maintained unchanged in control group.The level of serum CRP decreased more in Gln group than in control group( P

Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF),and explore the causes and possible routes of transmission in Yingkou City for proposing prevention and control measures.Methods A case restropective investigation was done to all outbreak cases of EHF in Yingkou City,relevant epidemiological investigation,clinical examination and laboratory test were done.Search of case and new case were carried out in the population.Density of rats (night clip) and rate of rat infection (Hanta virus antigenemia) in the region of the epidemic area of EHF were investigated.Blood samples were collected,antibody of EHF was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The rat lung was detected virus antigen using immunofluorescence.EHF diagnosis was based on Diagnostic Criteria for Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever (WS 278-2008).Results The results of the case study showed that a family of three was infected with the same disease in one month.It was a family cluster of EHF.Of the three cases,one case was Seoul virus (SEO) positive and showed infection for rattus type.Totally 54 human serum samples from the case search in key groups were tested.Two cases were seropositive with IgG,through epidemiological investigation,all people were healthy.On physical examination they had no symptoms such as viral infection with fever,fatigue,symptoms of three red and pains of EHF.Two cases were determined latent infection.The patient's living and health conditions were very poor.The floor of indoor was soil,all of the things were placed in chaos in this family,there were many signs of rats and rat holes in the yard,and there were several rat holes around the wellhead.Rat density surveillance showed that cloth clip 108 times,effective clamp 105 times,4 rats were captured,and the density of rats was 3.81％.The density of rats exceeded the national standard of no more than 1％ of the residential area.All the rats were Rattus norvegicus.Detection of lung antigen was negative in rats by immunofluorescence.Conclusions This event is a family cluster of EHF caused by Rattus norvegicus.Rodent prevention and control,improving family conditions and environmental management are essential measures for blocking of the disease transmission and infection controlling.