Objective To investigate the expression and significance of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma.Methods The expression of cyclin E was examined by immunohistochemical techniques in 42 cases of rectum carcinoma.Laboratory data were then analyzed statistically together with the related clinical and pathological data.Results The positive expression rate of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma was 66.7％(28/42).There was no significant association between cyclin E and gender,age,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph node (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma is higher,and it may show highly associated with the occurrence and development of the rectum carcinoma.Cyclin E has no significant association with age,gender,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph

OBJECTIVE: To establish the theory and method for the analysis of systematic hypothesis on adverse drugs events. METHODS: System of causal analysis of adverse drug events and analytical methods on systematic hypothesis were established by applying systematical and scientific thoughts; and the application of which in the quality analysis of oral solid preparations and injections were explained. RESULTS: The system of causal analysis consists of subsystems of drug standard deficits, problems of drugs quality, adverse drugs reactions, medication errors and drug abuse subsystems. The analysis on systematic hypothesis consisted of 4 steps: producing signal, raising the hypothesis, demonstrating, and drawing the conclusions. CONCLUSION: The causal analysis system of adverse drug events and analytical methods on systematic hypothesis combined not only reductionism with holism but also analysis with synthesis, which can help to solve the complicated matter in clinical medication.

OBJECTIVE: To lay a basis on constructing theory and method of the pharmaceutical evaluation.METHODS: By synthesizing the literature and experience,the authors summarized and explained the pharmaceutical evaluation factors which included rationality of preparations,quality controllability,and delivery efficacy etc.RESULTS: The factors of rationality of preparations included the choice of dosage form,specification and package amount;the factors of quality controllability included active constituent,foreign matter,package and stability,and the factors of delivery efficacy included dissolution or releasing degree and device packaging,CONCLUSION: This system of evaluation factors is systematic,dynamic and practical.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypes and immu-noglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who had been admitted to Southwest Hospital from January 1984 to June 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The specimens of the gastric MALT lymphoma were obtained and their pathomorphological classifications were studied. The immunophenotypes and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement were detected by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were epigastric discomfort and abdominalgia. The percentage of patients with age≥40 accounted for 74% (26/35). The gastric MALT lyrnphoma has low differentia-tion in 32 patients, and high differentiation in 3 patients. There were 31 patients in Ⅰ E stage, 2 in Ⅱ E1 stage and 2 in Ⅳ stage. Pathological examination showed that gastric MALT lymphoma was composed of centrocyte-like cells and mononuclear-like B cells or lymphoplasma cells. Twenty-nine specimens were with lymphoepithelial lesions (83%), 2 with follicular colonization (6%), and 11 with plasma cells segregated beneath the surface epithelium (33%). All the 35 specimens were B cell immunotype. Restrictive expression of κ and λ light chains of the immunoglobulin was found in 19 cases, and Bcl-2 positive expression was found in 16 cases. High expres-sion of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was found in gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts, which indicated that gastric MALT lymphoma with transformed blasts was more active in proliferation than those of low grade. A monoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement was detected in 33 patients (94%). Conclusions Digestive symptoms are the main manifestations of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The incidence of gastric MALT lymphoma increases with age. The final diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma depends on the pathological, immunohistochemical examination and laboratory test.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Tiandijing pills. Methods:A microscopic method was used to identify the crush herbs. TLC was performed to identify Rhizoma Polygonati and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. HPLC was used to determine the con-tent of gastrodine. Results:The microscopy could identify earthworm and Acorus tatarinowii. The identification characteristics by TLC were distinct and highly specific. Gastrodine could be determined in HPLC. The linearity of gastrodine was good within the range of 19. 80-158. 40 μg·ml-1(r=1. 000 0). The average recovery of gastrodine was 98. 33% (RSD=0. 45%, n=6). Conclusion:The methods of identification and quantification are simple and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Tiandijing pills.

Objective To analyze the impact of rs3826392 polymorphism in MKK4 promoter on prognosis of colorectal cancer cases (CRC) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods The associations between rs3826392 genotype of 203 CRC cases receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and clinicopathologic factors,overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed retrospectively. Results No association was found between rs3826392 genotype and clinicopathologic factors (P > 0.05). TG+GG genotype had better OS (P = 0.018) and DFS (P =0.019) when compared with TT genotype. Cox multivariate model showed rs3826392 TG+GG genotype remained independent favorable factor for OS(HR = 0.389;95%CI = 0.177-0.855) and DFS(HR=0.491;95%CI = 0.271-0.890) respectively. Conclusion -1304G variant genotypes (i.e., TG+GG) in rs3826392 may be the biomarker of better prognosis in CRC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective:To investigate gypsum fibrosum from different habitats by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) . Methods:Gypsum fibrosum samples from different habitats were scanned by an electronic microscope. Results: The results of SEM showed that gypsum fibrosum (CaSO4·2H2O) from different habitats was with the crystal structure of fibrous,tabular or flaky aggregation. The sur-face amplification of gypsum fibrosum from Hubei showed obvious black spots,while that from the other habitats was without the feature. Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate, which can be used to investigate gypsum fibrosum from different habitats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of NO on cholestasis caused by TPN. Methods: 24 newborn rabbits were divided into 3 groups: control group, TPN for 1week group and TPN for 2weeks group. After 7 or 14 days, serum liver function test was determined using automatic biochemical analyzer, NO levels in serum and liver, liver NOS activity and iNOSmRNA expression were determined respectively by the Griess method, spectrophotometric analysis and in situ hybridization. Results: After having received TPN administration for 7 or 14 days, the NO levels of serum and liver, liver NOS activity and iNOSmRNA expression increased significantly than those in control group(P

Objective: To explore the effect of different processing methods on the content changes of ferulic acid and total flavonoids in wheat bran and its processed products by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry.Methods: Ferulic acid was determined by HPLC with SHIMADZU C18 (250×4.6 mm,5 μm) as the analytical column, the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (16∶84), the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 320 nm and the column temperature was 35℃.Total flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 258 nm(±2 nm).Results: The content of ferulic acid in the crude bran, the toasted to brown bran, the toasted to dark brown bran, the over toasted bran and the honey toasted bran was 2.07, 2.33, 1.68, 1.11 and 0.83 μg·g-1, and total flavonoids was 5.96, 7.15, 9.73, 13.61 and 9.42 mg·g-1, respectively.Conclusion: The higher the toasted processing degree is, the lower content of ferulic acid and the higher content of total flavonoids are in wheat bran.

Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the invasion of ovarian cancer cells and to provide a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.Methods ( 1 ) Serous type ovarian cancer cell line OVCA429 with platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) positive and mucinous type cell line RMUG-L (PAFR negative) were treated with 100 nmol/L of the PAF,cell invasion ability was determined by transwell cell migration assay.(2) For determination of the optimal PAF concentration,ovarian cancer cell OVCA429 was treated by 0,0.1,1,10,100,and 1000 nmol/L of PAF for 10 minutes or 24 hour,respectively.To observe the different time point of protein changes,OVCA429 were treated by 100 nmol/L of PAF for 0,5 minutes,10 minutes,30 minutes,1 hour or 12 hours,respectively.The total proteins of treated cells were extracted according to standard protocol.The expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK),phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK),transcription factor response element-binding protein (CREB),phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected by western blot.(3) To verify the pathway involved in the PAF induction of the cancer cell invasion,we repeated the experiments by adding the inhibitors when treating cells with PAF.The inhibitors used were as follows,PAFR inhibitor-WEB2076 (50 μmol/L),pp38 MAPK inhibitor-SB203580 (10 μmol/L),CREB binding protein (CBP)-CREB interaction inhibitor217505(25 μ mol/L).All treated cells were divided into 6 groups:control group,PAF group,PAF + WEB2076 group,PAF + SB203580 group,PAF + 217505 group and PAF + SB203580 + 217505group.Results ( 1 ) By transwell assay,100 nmol/L of PAF could improve the invasion ability of OVCA429 cell significantly [ PAF:( 118 ± 23 ) cells vs.control:(36 ± 8 ) cells,P ＜ 0.0l ],while the same treatment had no effect on RMUG-L cells [PAF:(45 t 13) cells vs.control:(53 ±9) cells,P＞0.05].(2) Even a very low concentration of PAF (0.1 nmol/L) could increase the expression of p-CREB and MMP-2,while the most effective concentration of PAF was 100 nmol/L.The highest p-CREB protein expression was detected at 10 minutes after administration of 100 nmol/L PAF,as well as the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein.Even 12 hours after treatment the p-p38 MAPK protein could be detected,while there was no significant difference in the expression of CREB ( P ＞ 0.05 ).(3) As compared with PAF group,both in PAF + WEB2076 group and PAF + SB203580 group,the expressions of p-p38 MAPK,p-CREB and MMP-2 protein were decreased significantly; in PAF + 217505 group,although the expression of p-p38 MAPK and p-CREB protein was significantly higher than the control group,the expression of MMP-2 protein was significantly lower; in PAF + SB203580 + 217505 group,the expression of these three proteins were also significantly lower,but there was no significant difference as compared with that in the PAF + WEB2076 or PAF + SB203580 group.Conclusion PAF could induce MMP-2 expression and contributed to PAFR positive ovarian cancer cell invasion via activation of CREB by phosphorylating of p38 MAPK.