Objective To investigate the effect of HO-1 on acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats. Methods Taking dark agouti (DA) rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients, OLT was performed. Before OLT, the DA rats and Lewis rats were matched in pairs, and divided into control group, ZnPP group and CoPP group, the paired rats of which intraperitoneally received normal saline, 20 mg/kg ZnPP and 5 mg/kg CoPP respectively 24 h before OLT. Ten pairs of rats were in each group. On day 3 or 7 after OLT, recipient rats were killed, then blood sample and liver specimen were collected. Plasm levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB) were measured; HE staining and MPO staining were performed; The expression of HO-1 was detected by the fluorence real time RT-PCR. Results On day 3 and 7 after OLT, AST, ALT and TBIL showed significant statistical significance among the three groups; ALB was highest in CoPP group, then in control group, lowest in ZnPP group. On day 3 after OLT, control group had acute rejection of degree one to degree two, ZnPP group had acute rejection of degree two; CoPP group mainly had acute rejection of degree one; On day 7 after OLT, control group mainly had acute rejection of degree two; ZnPP group had acute rejection of degree two to degree three; CoPP group had acute rejection of degree one to two. The expression of HO-1 was highest in CoPP group, then control group, and lowest in ZnPP group. Conclusion The expression of HO-1 in OLT with acute rejection in rats can palliate the acute rejection.

Objective To investigate the expression of presenilin-2(PS2) and glutathione S transferase ?(GST?) and their role in the prognosis and therapy of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Methods The expression of PS2 and GST? in tumor tissues from 210 patients with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma confirmed by pathologic examination and treated with modified radical mastectomy was examined by using LSAB immunohistochemical method. Results The expression rate of PS2 was 49.5%(104/210) and the expression rate of GST? was 48.1%(101/210). The grade of the postoperative 5-year survival rate and 10-year survival rate in four groups of 210 patients, from high to low, was the group 1 (PS2 positive expression/GST? negative expression), the group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GST? positive expression), the group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GST? negative expression) and the group 4 (PS2 negative expression/GST? positive expression). Conclusion The prognosis of the group 1 is the best, the group 2 better, the group 3 good and the group 4 the worst. The results suggest that reasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma is necessary.

Objective PB840 ventilator to explore non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the ICU of the application,efficacy and safety.Methods Application PB840 Ventilator-Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the treatment of the seven cases of different causes of respiratory failure patients,non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of 4 h,the blood gas (PaO2,PaCO2 and pH value) analysis and analysis of clinical symptoms to improve the situation.Results Patient before and after treatment of PaO2,PaCO2 and pH compared to the value there is significant difference.Target to improve the blood after treatment significantly (P<0.05),reduce or alleviate the symptoms of sick;cyanosis improved.However,leakage is still a major disadvantage,some patients can not tolerate when there is need to immediately replace invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusion PB840 ventilator mode non-invasive ventilation can improve the patient′s respiratory failure and clinical symptoms of blood-gas target,but most critically ill patients should be carefully applied.

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin (IL)-28B gene polymorphisms (rs12979860 and rs8099917) and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C in China.Methods Taqman probes single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping methods were used to detect the genotypes of rs12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) located at IL-28B gene in 105 included patients.The patients were treated with standard doses of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin and were followed up regularly for therapeutic response and adverse reaction.The relationship between IL-28B gene polymorphism and antiviral treatment response of patients were analyzed.Categorical data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Results Totally 105 cases were included in our study and 2 cases lost to follow-up because of moving away.Eight-one cases (78.6%) of the remaining 103 patients were CC/TT genotype (CC/TT group) at rs12979860 and rs8099917, 19 cases (18.4%) were CT/TG (CT/TG group) and 3 cases (2.9%)were TT/TG (TT/TG group).No other genotypes were detected and linkage disequilibrium was discovered at the two polymorphism loci (r2=0.11).After 4 weeks of treatment, 35 cases (43.2%) in CC/TT group, 3 cases (15.8%) in CT/TG group and non in TT/TG group achieved rapid virological response (RVR).There were statistically significant differences among three groups (P=0.033).After 12 weeks of treatment, 45 cases (55.6%) in CC/TT group, 6 cases (31.6%) in CT/TG group and none in TT/TG group achieved early virological response (EVR).There were statistically significant differences among three groups (P=0.025).At the end of the treatment, 68 cases (83.9%) in CC/TT group, 10 cases (52.6%) in CT/TG group and only 1 case (33.3%) in TT/TG group achieved end-of-treatment response (ETR).There were significant statistical differences among the three groups (P=0.003).After 24 weeks of follow-up, 62 cases (76.5%) in CC/TT group, 9 cases (47.4%) in CT/TG group and 1 case (33.3%) in TT/TG group achieved sustained virological response (SVR).There were statistically significant differences among the three groups (P=0.014).One hundred and one cases in CC/TT group developed adverse events, among them 19 cases needed clinical treatment.There were 43 cases in CT/TG group developed adverse events and 9 cases needed treatment.Seven cases in TT/TG group developed adverse events and only 1 case needed treatment.There were no statistically significant difference among three groups (χ2=0.139,P>0.05).Conclusions The genotype of rs12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) at IL-28B gene could affect the treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C.RVR and SVR are higher in patients with genotype CC/TT, which might help to guide HCV treatment.

BACKGROUND: Surface roughness of implants can directly influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. OBJECTIVE: To observe the early attachment of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) to pure titanium with different surface roughness levels, and to study the effect of surface performance on cell differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled observation/multi-sample comparison study, which was performed at Center of Science and Technology, Gannan Medical College between January 2005 and July 2006. MATERIALS: Pure titanium stick was cut into pieces, of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness, using cutting-off machine, and there were 24 sections in total. Then, the titanium sections were randomly divided into four groups: simple mechanical processing, nitric acid processing, sand blasting processing, and combination group, with 6 sections per group. METHODS: TR240 portable-type surface roughness meter was used in this study. In the simple mechanical processing group, sections were scoured by sand paper alone; in the nitric acid processing group, sections were etched with 65% HNO3 for 1 hour at 100 ℃ after scoured by sand paper; in the sand blasting processing group, sections were sandblasted by 100 μ m AI203 after scoured by sand paper; in the combination group, sections were etched with 65% HNO3 for I hour at 100～C after scoured by sand paper and sandblasted by 100 μ m Al2O3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Samples were maintained in DMEM for 30 minutes, and the third-passage cells were inoculated. Then, titanium sections were taken out at different time points of 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes, 1, 3, and 7 days. Surface roughness and early attachment of PDLCs were detected under fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: O Quantitative analysis: Surface roughness was (599.5±8.3) nm in the simple mechanical processing group, (406.5 +4.6) nm in the nitric acid processing group, (358.8±11.8) nm in the sand blasting processing group, and (8.7±2.0) nm in the combination group. On the other hand, surface roughness in the simple mechanical processing group was significantly higher Fluorescence observation exhibited that number of PDLCs attaching to pure titanium surface was increased, and the proliferation was greater with the time passing by. in addition, surface roughness of pure titanium was positively associated with number of PDLCs. CONCLUSION: The lighter the surface roughness is, the more the early attachment of PDLCs is, benefiting for cell adhesion and proliferation.

Objective To study the type variation of microglial activation in spinal dorsal horn of rats after sciatic nerve injury.Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups, 24 rats in each group.The experimental group underwent ligation of sciatic nerve trunk to generate nerve injury in the rats.The pain behavior in the rats was measured at the 1th, 7th and 14th postoperative days, and the changes of microglial activation in the rat lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn was detected by immunofluorescence staining.qRT-PCR assay was used to validate the activation trends of M1 and M2 types of microglia cells.Results No significant changes were found in the microglial cells in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats in the sham-operation group during 14 days after operation.In the sciatic nerve ligation group at 1 day after operation, no significant change was observed in the number of microglial cells, but the expression of marker of M1 microglia was significantly increased.At 7 and 14 days after operation, the number of microglial cells and the expression of M1 microglia marker in the spinal cord dorsal horn were increased significantly.Conclusions Microglia activation in the spinal dorsal horn starts at the first day after sciatic nerve injury, and lasts at least for two weeks after the operation.M1 microglia activation dominates during this period.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinoma and the factors that influence sur-vival. Methods:A total of 91 cases of advanced biliary tract carcinoma from January 2010 to April 2015 were enrolled in our study. The patients' characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, and effects were analyzed. Results:We enrolled 56 males and 35 females with a me-dian age of 57 years. A total of 90 patients were assessable for their responses to first-line chemotherapy. A total of 69 patients re-ceived the GP regimen, whereas 21 patients received some other regimens. The disease control rate (DCR), median progression free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS) were 68.1%versus 52.4%, 5.10 months versus 2.50 months (P=0.025), and 13.00 months versus 7.20 months, respectively. Only 31 patients received S-1 based regimens, and 12 patients received some other regi-mens as second-line chemotherapy. The DCR, median PFS, and median OS showed no statistical differences. Only four patients re-ceived S-1 based regimen plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy (median PFS 5.3 months;median OS 7 months). Hematologi-call toxicity was the most common side effect in the first-line GP regimen. The side effects of the S-1 based chemotherapy regimen was relatively less. Conclusion:The GP regimen is an effective first-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinoma, whereas S-1 ap-pears as an effective second-line chemotherapy drug. Bevacizumab-based regimens may be effective and require further validation.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of serum galactemannan(GM) for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in critically ill patients. Methods Study was conducted between February 2007 and July 2008. Included patients on admission ICU who suffer from suspected IPA. GM test and culture were collected 2 weekly. Chnical feature, mycological evidence and optical density index (ODI) were noted. Clinically invasive fungal infection(IFI) were defined proven, probable and possible. The patients were classified into neutropenia, non-neutropenia and treated with immunosuppressive agents, non-neutropenia and non-immunosuppressive agents. To compared of the sensitivity and specificity of GM in different patients. Results 94 patients were included, 4 patients were proven, 29 patients were probable, 34 patients were possible IFI, 27 patients were non-IPA. The positive rate of the GM was 31.9% (30/94). The sensitivity and specificity of GM in proven cases and probable cases are 66.7% and 92.6%. GM assay tended to become positive earlier than the culture 2-10(5.33±2.17)d. We found that differences in patient diagnosis and selection might account for the disparities seen for positive rate for the GM test. There was positive in three of the four patients with proven, the positive rate of GM was 65.5% for probable cases, for possible cases was 17.6%, for non-IPA cases was 7.4% (P=0.001). For patient with neutropenia , treated with immunosuppressive agents and without immunosuppressive agents, the positive rate of GM was 52.9%vs 41.7% vs 34. 6% (P=0.015) ;the sensitivity was 80.0% vs 70. 0% vs 53.8% (P=0.011), the ODI was 1.365 (0.582-6.736) vs 1. 123 (0. 623-6.868) vs 0.554 (0.522-0.823), P=0. 005, respectively. Conclusion These results show that GM test is useful for early diagnosis IPA in critically ill patients. Differences in patient selection and diagnosis might account for the disparities seen for positive rate and sensitivity for the GM test. It has been higher sensitivity and ODI in the patient treated by immunosuppressive agents.

Objective To observe the differences of the radio-biological characteristics between the human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 and its progeny cells SHG-4410 Gy and to probe the underlying mechanism.Methods The SHG-4410 Gy cells were the progeny of SHG cells that had been irradiated with 10 Gy X-rays and then passaged for 15 generations.The radiosensitivity of SHG-44 and SHG-4410 Gy wre measured by clonogenic assay and the multi-target single-hit model was used to fit the survival curve.The cell cycle redistribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry assay.Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the relative levels of cyclin B1 mRNA and miR-21.Stat3 protein levels were detected by Western blot.Results The values of D0,Dq and SF2 of SHG-4410 Gy cells were significantly higher than those of SHG-44 cells.Flow cytometric analysis showed that there was less G2/M phase arrest in SHG-4410 Gy (F =22.21,P ＜ 0.05).Radiation-induced early apoptotic population was increased from (17.60 ± 0.26) ％ to (28.00 ± 0.36) ％ for SHG-44 cells,but increased from only (4.20 ± 0.30)％ to (5.17 ± 0.65)％ for SHG-4410 Gy.miR-21 in SHG-4410 Gy cells were increased by 1.44 fold of SHG-44 cells,which was associated with the increase of Stat3 protein expression.Conclusions Radioresistance is observed in the progeny of human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 which had been irradiated with 10 Gy X-rays.The underlying mechanisms may be relative to the upregulation of cyclin B1 that acts as a key downstream gene in the signaling pathway of G2/M phase transition.In addition,the upregulation of miR-21 may be involved in the apoptosis of SHG-4410 Gy cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of the bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE)-plus lung ultrasound protocol on lung consolidation and atelectasis of critical patients.Methods All patients who need to receive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in ICU from June 2010 to December 2011 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in the study.BLUE-plus and BLUE lung ultrasound,bedside X-ray,lung CT examination were performed on all patients at the same time.The condition of lung consolidation and atelectasis discovered by BLUE-plus lung ultrasound protocol was recorded and compared with bedside X-ray or lung CT.The difference in assessment of lung consolidation and atelectasis between BLUE-plus lung ultrasound protocol and BLUE protocol was compared.Results A total of 78 patients were finally enrolled in the study.The lung CT found 70 cases (89.74％) had different degrees of lung consolidation and atelectasis.The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of lung consolidation and atelectasis by the bedside chest X-ray were 31.29％,75.00％ and 38.46％,respectively.BLUE-plus lung ultrasound protocol found 68 cases with lung consolidation and atelectasis,and its sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy were 95.71％,87.50％ and 94.87％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of lung CT.BLUE protocol found 48 cases of lung consolidation and atelectasis,and its sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy were 65.71％,75.00％ and 66.67％,respectively.The position of lung consolidation and atelectasis which hadn't been found by BLUE protocol was mainly proved to be located in the basement of lung by lung CT.Conclusions The incidence of lung consolidation and atelectasis in critical patients who received mechanical ventilation is high.The BLUE-plus lung ultrasound protocol has a relatively higher sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy for consolidation and atelectasis,which can find majority of consolidation and atelectasis.As BLUE-plus lung ultrasound is a bedside noninvasive method allowing immediate assessment of most lung consolidation and atelectasis,it will be likely the alternative of the CT and play a key role in assessment of lung consolidation and atelectasis.