Objective To study the protective effects and mechanisms of adenosine on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit. Methods The rabbit ltng model of ischemia-reperfusion was constructed.Thirty Chinese rabbits were random divided into three groups: Group A (no surgery), group B (ischemiareperfusion) and group C (Adenosine + ischemia-reperfusion). The MDA content,SOD content of the plasma, wet-dryrate (W/D) and the pathology of lung tissue and the index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury (IQA) were measured after 60 min reperfusion. Results After 60min reperfusion, the value of W/D, MDA and IQA in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (q = 7. 06,13.71,18. 62, P ＜0.01), while the concentration of SOD were lower than those in group A (q = 14. 33, P ＜0.01). In contrast with group B, W/D,MDA and IQA in group C was obviously lower (q =5.23 ,8. 51, 9.99,however, the concentration of SOD were higher than those in group B (q = 7.73, P ＜ 0. 01). In contrast with group A and C ,the expression of CD11b/CD 18 of group B was significantly increased after 60min reperfusion (q =8.59,9.56, P ＜0. 01). Conclusion Adenosine can prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit lung in vivo by inhibiting the expression of CD-11b/CD18 on PMNs and dropping oxygen free radicals level.

Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism at G-395A site of the Klotho (KL) gene and to analyze its correlation with the coronary heart disease(CHD) and serum Cystatin C(Cys C) level in the elderly Chinese Han population in central China.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 278 elderly Chinese Han population in this department,who were divided into CHD group(138 cases)and control group(140 cases) according to bear angiography coronary or not.G-395A polymorphism of KL gene was determined by TaqMan Gene probe method,and the relationship between G-395A polymorphism and coronary heart disease and serum Cys-C level was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the frequency of GG genotype of G-395A in CHD group was significantly higher,and the frequency of AA genotype and AG genotype was not statistically significant.The levels of Cys-C in the GG genotype were higher than those in the AA and AG genotypes both in the control group and coronary heart disease group.Conclusion In the elderly Han population in central China,the risk of suffering coronary heart disease is higher among the GG genotype of the G-395A locus of the KL gene.KL gene G-395A site gene mutation may affect the development of atherosclerosis by affecting blood Cys-C levels.

Objective To evaluate the role of mitochondrial fission in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/ R) injury to hippocampal neurons of rats.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =60 each) using a random number table: normal group (N group), vehicle group (V group), H/R group, H/R + vehicle group (H/R + V group),and mitochondrial division inhibitor group (group M).The cells were cultured in normal culture medium in group N.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to the culture medium with the final concentration ＜ 0.1％, and the cells were incubated for 40 min in group V.The cells were subjected to 6 h hypoxia, followed by 20 h reoxygenation in H/R, H/R+V and M groups.DMSO was added to the culture medium with the final concentration ＜0.1％ at 40 min before hypoxia in group H/R+V.In group M, mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 50 mmol/L (dissolved in DMSO, DMSO concentration ＜0.1％) was added to the culture medium at 40 min prior to hypoxia.Mito Tracker staining was used to examine mitochondrial morphology.Western blot was used to measure the expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM).Multifunctional microplate reader and fluorescent microscope were used to detect the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level.The flow cytometer was used to detect the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group N, the expression of Drp1, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM was significantly up-regulated, the ROS content and apoptosis rate were increased, and the expression of Mfn2 was down-regulated in group H/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group H/R, the expression of Drp1 was significantly down-regulated, the ROS content and apoptosis rate were decreased, and the expression of Mfn2, PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM was up-regulated in group M (P＜0.05).Conclusion Mitochondrial fission is involved in H/R injury to hippocampal neurons of rats.

Objective To evaluate the coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by MR first-pass perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement. Methods From January 2011 to May 2015, 47 cases with HCM (HCM group) from the second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, 21 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. HCM group and control group underwent cardiac MR examinations at rest, including short axial cine, first-pass myocardial perfusion and late gadolinium enhancement scanning. Time to peak(tpeak), maximal upslope of time-intensity curve(Slopemax), peak signal intensity(SIpeak), myocardial thickening, and late myocardial gadolinium enhancement(LGE) were assessed for each myocardial segment. HCM group were divided into LGE segments group and non-LGE segments group. LGE segments group were divided into mild, moderate and severe LGE segments group. The SIpeak, Slopemax and tpeak in multiple groups were compared by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman correlation tests were used to determine the relationships between perfusion parameter and LGE. Results The average values of tpeak in non-LGE segments group (527 segments), LGE segments group (225 segments) and control group (336 segments) were (67.0 ± 27.4), (79.4 ± 27.4), (59.7 ± 21.6)s, respectively. The average values of Slopemax in the three groups were 17.2±7.0, 16.4±7.4, 20.4±6.3, respectively. The average values of SIpeak in the three groups were 442.7 ± 143.2, 465.1 ± 138.4, 521.9 ± 146.7, respectively. Compared to the control group, tpeak increased and Slopemax, SIpeak decreased in non-LGE segments group and LGE segments group (P<0.01), while tpeak increased more significantly in LGE segments group. The Slopemax and SIpeak showed no statistically significant differences between non-LGE segments group and LGE segments group (P>0.05). There were significant differences among LGE segments groups, as the tpeak and SIpeak increased with increasing degrees of myocardial LGE (P<0.01). The Slopemax showed no statistically significant difference among them (P>0.05). The degree of LGE were positively correlated with tpeak (r=0.237, P<0.01). Conclusions 3.0 T magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging can show microvascular dysfunction accurately and reliably in non-LGE segments. It may be helpful in the early diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction for HCM.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of using low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stents for the treatment of aneurysms in the small intracranial vessels (diameter <2.5 mm).Methods Between October 2014 and April 2016,the clinical data of all 30 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysm treated with LVIS stents with the small parent arteries <2.5 mm in diameter in Changhai Hospital,the Second Military Medical University were analyzed retrospectively,including 7 ruptured aneurysms and 23 unruptured aneurysms.The anterior circulation aneurysm accounted for 93.3% (n=28),and the diameters of the parent arteries were 1.6-2.4 mm.The complications associated with surgery,angiography,clinical outcomes,and mid-term follow-up data were analyzed.Results The success rate of stent implantation was 100%.Immediate embolization results:Raymond grade Ⅰ in 12 cases (40.0%),Raymond grade Ⅱ in 11 cases (36.7%),and Raymond grade Ⅲ in 7 cases (23.3%).Complications occurred in 2 cases,including one perforating artery occlusion and one intraoperative rupture.Twenty-five patients accepted the angiographic follow-up (Raymond grade Ⅰ in 21 cases,grade Ⅱ in 3 cases,and grade Ⅲ in 1 case).The follow-up time ranged from 4 to 14 months,with an average of 8.1± 2.6 months.One patient had asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in the distal end of the stent.No new neurological dysfunction or death occurred.Conclusion The deployment of LVIS stents in small vessels is safe and feasible,the effect of mid-term follow-up is better.However,a larger sample study and long-term follow-up results are needed.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and technical superiority of mechanical thrombectomy using a direct aspiration first-pass thrombectomy (ADAPT) in treatment of patients with acute cerebral artery occlusion. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on all patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy in our institution from January 2013 to August 2016.Patients using ADAPT or stent retriever as a first-line endovascular procedure were compared for clinical characteristics, procedural variables and clinical outcomes. The technical superiority of ADAPT was analyzed in depth. Results During observation period, a total of 91 cases were performed endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy. ADAPT was designed in 46 cases as a first-line endovascular procedure and was utilized in 38 cases (82.6%;ADAPT group), while primary stent retriever thrombectomy was performed in 21 patients(stent group). There was no significant difference in baseline clinical or radiographic factors between ADAPT and stent groups. Although rates of good neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale(mRS) score≤2) at 90 days were similar between the ADAPT and stent groups (61%(23/38) vs 48%(10/21), P=0.247), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at seven days (6.0(2.0, 9.3) vs 9.0(5.5, 18.5),Z=-2.031,P=0.021) and full recovery rate of neurological outcome (mRS score=0, 37%(14/38) vs 10%(2/21), P=0.022) were significantly better in the ADAPT group than in the stent group. There were no significant differences in rates of embolus to new territory (21%(8/38) vs 29%(6/21), P=0.365), Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b/3 grade revascularization (84%(32/38) vs 81%(17/21), P=0.507) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0%(0/38) vs 10%(2/21), P=0.123) between the ADAPT and the stent groups, but the figures were better in the ADAPT group. Conclusions Mechanical thrombectomy using ADAPT is feasible and safe compared with stent retriever, with higher full recovery rate of neurological outcome and better NIHSS score.It is a method worthy of further exploration for endovascular mechanical recanalization.

Objective:To investigate the expression of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphate receptor (IP 3R)-glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)-voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)-mitochondrial Calcium uniporter (MCU) Calcium axis molecules in proteinuria and to explore its upstream regulator. Methods:Sixteen Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group (6 rats) and Adriamycin (ADR) group (10 rats). Nephropathy rat model was established by single injection of ADR through tail vein.The glomerular expression of IP 3R, Grp75, VDAC1, MCU and the activation marker of mammalian target of Rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.In cultured mouse podocyte, ADR was used to induce podocyte injury, and the Everolimus of different concentrations was applied for intervention.The expression of the Calcium axis molecules and apoptosis marker was analyzed. Results:Compared with control group, the glomerular expression of IP 3R (0.02±0 vs.0, P<0.001), Grp75 (0.04±0 vs.0, P<0.001), VDAC1 (0.04±0 vs.0.01±0, P<0.001), and MCU (0.05±0.01 vs.0.01±0, P<0.001) were significantly increased in ADR-induced nephropathy rats, and the activation marker of mTORC1 (0.57±0.01 vs.0.18±0, P<0.001) was increased as well.In cultured mouse podocytes, compared with control group, the expression of Grp75 (1.89±1.17 vs.0.16±0.08, P=0.001), VDAC1 (1.59±0.34 vs.0.20±0.07, P=0.006), and MCU (1.56±0.38 vs.0.46±0.35, P=0.014) were obviously increased in ADR induced podocytes, and the activation marker of mTORC1 (2.12±0.08 vs.0.39±0.09, P<0.001) was also increased.Compared with the ADR induced podocytes, the expression of Grp75 (0.26±0.20 vs.1.89±1.17, P=0.001), VDAC1 (0.40±0.26 vs.1.59±0.34, P=0.014) and MCU (0.60±0.32 vs.1.56±0.38, P=0.029) in podocytes treated with ADR and 1.0 nmol/L Everolimus were remarkably decreased, accompanied with the decrease of mitochondrial calcium [(2 664.00±140.57) U vs.(3 025.16±180.92) U, P=0.023] and apoptosis marker cleaved Caspase-3 (0.55±0.28 vs.1.48±0.45, P=0.011). Conclusions:The over-production of IP 3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU Calcium axis molecules accompanied with the hyper-activation of mTORC1 was involved in ADR induced nephropathy rats.mTORC1 inhibitor decreased the expression of Calcium axis molecules in mouse podocytes, which might involve in the mechanism of mTORC1 inhibitor′s effects on podocyte.

Objective:To analyze the protective effects of adoptively transferring different patrilineal lymphocytes and their Exosomes ( Exo) on fetation of mice with pregnancy loss comparatively.Methods: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) from healthy men and the splenocytes from BALB/c and DBA/2 male mice were induced in vitro ,and their Exo were isolated through sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation combined with ultrafiltration.The mice of CBA/J (♀) mated with BALB/c (♂) were enrolled as control group of normal pregnancy ,and the CBA/J (♀) mated with DBA/2 (♂) as URSA of pregnancy loss experimental animal model.The mice in URSA group were randomly divided into each group with treatment through adoptively transferring , which were injected intravenously or subcutaneously with splenocytes or splenocytes -derived Exo from mated DBA/2,unmated DBA/2 or unrelated BALB/c,also PBMC-derived Exo from men,respectively.And then,the placenta volumes,rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss were calculated to observe the fetation of embryos.Results:Compared with the group of normal pregnancy ,the placenta volumes from URSA group decreased greatly ,and rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss elevated greatly ( all P<0.000 5 ).After transferring different sources of cells and their Exo through different injection ,the placenta volumes resumed to the level of normal pregnancy ,and the rates of fetal absorption and pregnancy loss decreased significantly ( all P<0.000 5 ).No differences were observed after treatment through injecting intravenously or subcutaneously ( all P>0.05 ).After transferring the Exo derived from either male mice or healthy men,the level of decreased fetal absorption rates were more than that in cellular-therapy groups ( all P<0.05 ).After transferring the Exo derived from men ,the level of decreased pregnancy loss rates were more than that in cellular -therapy groups and mice splenocytes-derived Exo group ( all P<0.05 ).Conclusion:Adoptively transferring patrilineal T lymphocytes and their Exo can greatly improve the fetation.Exo should become a non-cellular bio-remedy,which is expected to replace traditional immunotherapy of adoptively transferring lymphocytes.

Objective To investigate the association of HLA-DRB31*03,*04 and *11 alleles with alopecia areata(AA)in Han Nationality in East China.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP)method was conducted in 158 Chinese Han patients with AA as well as in 172 healthy human controls in East China.The relationships of HLA-DRB1 polymorphism to age of onset,episode frequency,clinical course,family history,and severity of AA were evaluated.Results No significant differences were observed for the frequency of HLA DRB1*03,*11 alleles between the patients and human controls,while increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 was observed in patients(OR=1.99,Pc=0.01).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that HLA-DRB1*04 was more prevalent in patients with an onset after 16 years of age(OR=1.94,Pc=0.02),those without family history(OR=1.97,Pc=0.02),those with recurrent AA(OR=2.49,Pc=0.02),those with a clinical course of more than 1 year(OR=2.94,Pc=0.01),those with severe AA(OR=3.53,Pc=0.00)and tbose with single episode of AA(OR=1.83,Pc=0.04)in comparison with the normal human controls.Conclusion This study demonstrates that HLA-DRB1*04 allele is associated with the occurrence and clinical types of AA in Han Nationality in East China.

Objective To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) at different doses against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (α-NIT)-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis in rats.Methods Rats were ig administrated with vehicle or PRR [(1,9,18,36,54,72,and 81 g/(kg·d)] 3 d before and 2 d after α-NIT (60 mg/kg) ig administration.The general status of rats,histopathology of liver,serum alanine aminotransaminase,aspartate aminotransaminase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and alkaline phosphatase levels,were observed at respective time points (24 and 48 h) after α-NIT administration.Using cluster analysis and correspondence analysis,the dose-effect-response relationships of PRR were evaluated.Results The results showed that compared with model group,the serum biochemistry index significantly decreased with the increasing of PRR dosage (P ＜ 0.01),and the change and necrosis of hepatic cellula,and inflammatory cell infiltration were gradually alleviated.However,the improvement was not obviously found in the low-dose group [1 g/(kg·d)].The cluster analysis and correspondence analysis results showed that different doses of PRR could significantly ameliorate α-NIT-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis of rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The experiments show that administration doses of PRR in clinical use should be added properly in order to gain the expectant therapeutic effect,especially in the treatment of heavy acute cholestasis hepatitis.