Objective To establish a method for the determination of Ca2 + cations in the nutritive food by ion chromatography.Methods After being digested by the mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid,the Ca2+ cations in the nutritive food were determined by ion chromatography(IC).Results The optimum chromatographic conditions were studied thoroughly,the linear range was 0.10-500 mg/L,r=0.9998.The lowest detection limit of Ca2+ cations in nutritive food was 0.02 mg/L,RSDs were 0.50%-4.00%,the rates of recovery tested by the standard addition method were in the range of 95.0%-103.0%.Conclusion This method is simple,fast,sensitive and accurate.

BACKGROUND: Balance disorder of the two neurotransmitters-dopamine and glutamic acid in striatum, participates in the pathogenic process of Parkinson disease. Whether or not electroacupuncutre can regulate the content of glutamic acid in striatum in the treatment of Parkinson disease so as to recover the balance of the two neurotransmitters is needed further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of content of excitatory amino acid (glutamic acid) in striatum of rat with Parkinson disease and the effects of electroacupuncture intervention on these changes.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Teaching and Research Section of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Laboratory for Important Subject (Acupuncture and Moxibustion) of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to August 2002. A total of 40 healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, normal group, model group, sham operation group and electroacupuncutre group with 10 in each group.METHODS: Model group: Rotation model of rat with Parkinson disease was established by method of chemical damage on right substantia nigra.Sham operation group: Method of sham operation was the same as model group, and 3.4 μL physiological saline was injected. Electroacupuncture group: Electroacupuncture treatment was given after model establishment;took Atlas of Experimental Animal Acupoints as reference, selected the acupoints of Taichong and Fengfu, pierced with needles which were connected with G6805 electroacupuncture therapeutic apparatus under the condition of continuous waves and frequency of 2 Hz for 30 minutes, once a day for consecutive 7 days, then detected the content of glutamic acid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Content of glutamic acid in bilateral striatum of rat in normal group, sham operation group, model group and electroacupuncture group, which was detected by automatic amino acid analyzer.RESULTS: The content of glutamic acid in right striatum of rat in model group was significantly higher than that in contralateral striatum, normal group and sham operation group [the contents of glutamic acid in model group, contralateral striatum, normal group and sham operation group were (101.6±7.49), (71.4±5.65), (61.8±4.38), (62.6±5.21) μg/g respectively,P ＜ 0.01]. The content of glutamic acid in right striatum in electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that in model group [the contents of glutamic acid in electroacupuncture group and model group were (83.7±5.68), (101.6±7.49) μg/g respectively, P ＜ 0.05], but still higher than that in normal group and sham operation group (P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the contents of glutamic acid in left striatum in each group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Excitatory amino acid participates in the pathogenic process of Parkinson disease. Therefore, one of the approaches of electroacupuncture treatnent for Parkinsonism is reducing the release of excitatory amino acid.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate laryngopharyngeal reflux effect on expression of COX-2mRNA in glottis carcinoma lesion mucosa. METHOD: Forty cases with glottic laryngeal cancer were examined by electronic naspharyngeal laryngoscope and scored by the reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score(RFS). Based on the scores, they were divided into two groups:glottic laryngeal cancer with positive reflux(20 cases) and glottic laryn geal cancer with negative reflux (20 cases). Ten cases with adjacent normal membrane were used as control group. The mRNA expression of CoX-2 from 40 patients was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: The expression of COX 2mRNA in tumor samples was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.05); the expression of COX-2mRNA in glottic laryngeal cancer with positive reflux was significantly higher than that in glottic laryngeal cancer with negative reflux (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Laryngopharyngeal reflux factors may increased expression glottic carcinoma of COX-2mRNA by tissue injury, inflammation and cell malig-
Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Glottis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; complications ; metabolism ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

AIM: To assess the effect of indomethacin on tumor invasion in a human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cell line in vitro. METHODS: Hep-2 cells were exposed to indomethacin at different concentrations for 48 h. Then cell growth rate, the colony formation in soft agar medium and cell mobility were examined, and monolayer invasion assay was performed to assess cell invasion index. RESULTS: Preteatment with indomethacin inhibited the colony formation of Hep-2 cells and the cell mobility, and decreased the invasion index. CONCLUSION: Indomethacin can inhibit the invasion of Hep-2 cells.

AIM: To evaluate the significance of cytokeratin19 (CK19) expression in diagnosing micrometastases in lymph nodes in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Forty cases of laryngeal carcinoma together with 163 lymph nodes were studied by the staining with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and immunostaining with antibody against cytokeratin 19 (CK19) on histological sections of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. RESULTS: In all cases, CK19 was positively expressed in the primary tumor. Among 163 lymph nodes, metastases were confirmed by HE in 23 lymph nodes, and in 42 lymph nodes staining with immunohistochemistry, micrometastases were found in 19 lymph nodes. Micrometastases in the lymphonodes were significantly related to the T staging. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining is a valuable method for the detection of node micrometastases in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

With the development of world-wide integration in the field of education and under the Bologna Process of Russia, Russian high medical colleges have begun actively searching a new way to reform medical education. However, they have encountered many problems due to the unique feature of Russian higher medical education. To analyze those problems will help us to deepen the understanding of Russian high medical colleges and strengthen Sino-Russia exchanges and cooperation.

A near infrared (NIR) method for the detection of illegal addition of sildenafil citrate in capsules of Chinese traditional medicine was constructed. The diffuse reflectance near infrared spectra were recorded using integrated sphere and fiber optics respectively. Using the spectra of the sildenafil citrate standard as Reference spectra, the threshold of the correlation coefficient was set up based on the minimum effective concentration of the sildenafil citrate. By comparing the threshold with the correlation coefficient between the tested spectra and the Reference spectra in the selected spectral range, the tested sample contains sildenafil citrate is determined. For the integrated sphere method, the spectral range of 6070-5800 cm~(-1) and 4170-4070 cm~(-1) were selected, and 70% was set as threshold. For the fiber method, 6070-5800 cm~(-1) and 65% were used. 79 and 247 batches of the Chinese traditional medicines contained sildenafil citrate collected from the Chinese market were used to validate the two methods separately. The accuracy of the integrated sphere method was 91.14%, and that of f iber method was 87.45%.

AIM: To investigate the anti-DIC effect of the domestic recombinant hirudin (rH) in order to provide preclinical pharmacological basis for its new drug application. METHODS: DIC was induced by constant iv infusion of thrombin (100 U?kg -1 ?h -1 ?1 h) plus PAMBA (50 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 ?1 h). Platelet count (PLT), PT and fibrinogen (FIB) determination as well as plasmaprotamine paracoagulation (3P) test served as diagnostic indexes of DIC, while pathlogical examination of microthrombosis of lungs and kidneys was followed. RESULTS: rH 125,62.5,31.25 and 15.625 ?g?kg -1 iv. gtt demonstrated a dose-dependant inhibitory effect on DIC. The inhibitory effects on DIC of rH(%) were 89.38%, 52.60%, 49.71% and 25.58% for PT, and 100.01% , 61.86%, 58.40% and 32.68% for PLT, and 85.22%, 73.01%, 33.60% and 14.86% for FIB respectively at the descending order of rH doses. CONCLUSION: Domestic rH being tested has powerful anti-DIC effect which is comparable with refludan—an r-hirudin product approved by European Community for marketing.

Liquid biopsy can non-invasively reveal the status of tumors and its prognosis in vivo, which is hotspots and difficulties of research in current era. Among them, an emerging marker called circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) reflects the genetic information of tumor origin and provides a powerful basis for early diagnosis, targeted drug monitoring and prognosis prediction. At this stage, several ctRNA kits have been approved for clinical use. For example, microRNA (miRNA) can be used for aided diagnosis of liver cancer. And many transformation applications of promising ctRNA have been vigorously carried out. Despite the facts that there are still many clinical challenges of ctRNA detection technology to be solved effectively, ctRNA, as a new member of the liquid biopsy technology, has shown remarkable clinical value. Along with the mechanism becoming gradually clear, ctRNA will be a reliable diagnostic tool with the increasing clinical requirements for facilitating the tumor management.

Aim To investigate the effect of taurine(Tau)on the cardiac fibroblast(CFb)cell cycle and its regulatory protein expression,and to explore the underlying mechanism of Tau-inhibiting the proliferation of CFb.Methods The proliferation of cultured neonatal rat CFb was induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ and detected by the thiazole blue(MTT)colorimetric assay.Hydroxyproline measurement was carried out to detect the collagen quantification.The expression of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D and p27 were determined by the combination of immunocytochemical staining and image analysis software.Cell cycle and p27 were assessed via flow cytometry.Results CFb proliferation and hydroxyproline content in culture medium were markedly inhibited when CFb were treated with taurine at concentrations of 40,80 and 160 mmol?L-1 for 24 hours(P