The incidence of malnutrition among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) constantly increases despite the development of health care and dialysis techniques.New nutritional targets for CKD patients upon maintenance treatment have been developed.Before dialysis,evidences have shown that a long-term nutritional care plan,with a control of protein intake,can effectively correct metabolic disorders including proteinuria and acidosis.During the maintenance dialysis,the optimal protein and energy intakes have been recently challenged.The new classification of nutritional disorders in CKD patients may help the easily identification of protein-energy wasting.

The initiation and development of diabetic chronic complications is associated not only with the level of blood glucose,but also with the glucose fluctuation.The damage in large artery and microvessel may be caused by glucose fluctuation.There are two causes which induce glucose fluctuation in clinical:one is postprandial hyperglyceamia with not well controlled,the other is hypoglycemia causes by unsuitable therapy.A lot of effective new types of substances were applicated in clinical,such as ?-glucosidase inhibitor,glinide-insulin secretagogus,fast-acting and long-acting insulin analogues.With these new powerful tools,there is possibility to treat diabetes more correctly and safely,and control the blood glucose in a stable and good level.

Objective If IL-2 and IFN-? are united,perhaps we may see a more significant antitumor effect.A fusion gene of IL-2 and IFN-? was designed and constructed by DNA engineering.Methods CEA promotor、IL-2cDNA and IFN-?cDNA were obtained by PCR and RT-PCR.SDS-PAGE was used to examine the results;pcDNA-IL-2、pcDNA-IFN-?、pCEA-IL-2/ IFN-?、pEGFP-IL-2/ IFN-? were transfected to CEA high expression cell line(Lovo)by use of liposome.The fusion protein expression was examined by fluorescence microscope and Western blotting.Results IL-2/ IFN-? fusion gene can be expressed in tumor cells.Its expression is more obvious in CEA high expressed cells(Lovo),and can be located in cell plasma.Conclusion The fusion gene can be expressed in plasma of CEA high expressed cell lines.It may have a new anti-tumor effects.

Many transcription factors, kinases and phosphorylase regulate the expression and activity of stuthmin. The abnormality of stathmin expression or its activity is closely involved in lots of pathological or phys-iological events such as cell proliferation, development of tumor. Many kinds of malignant tumors have high ex-pression of stathmin, and inhibiting the expression of stathmin protein is a new biotherapy target in tumor geneth-erapy. Moreover, stathmin protein can influence curative effect of some chemotherapeutics ,which target microtu-bular. This has some significance with regard to the guidance of clinical medication.

Affected by region economy,culture and low subject level as well as the lag of the academic grass-roots organizations,there exist dingle structure,similar systems,narrow,fuctions unsmooth operation and lack of vigor in the universities' academic grass-roots organizations.Therefore,we must fully understand the role of academic grass-roots organizations,reform the authority model and innovate university academic organizational structures.

Community Language Learning was employed to strengthen English class cohesion and improve students performance, and positive results have been achieved with regard to classroom atmosphere, students involvement and CET-4 scores. Initial studies and experiments show that application of foreign linguistic teaching theories in the Chinese setting is feasible and rewarding.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of dental implants surgery alveolar ridge bone deficiency treating with nano crystal collagen base bone and hydroxy soda lime.Methods To choose dental implants surgery patients who had dental implants surgery alveolar ridge bone deficiency treating with nano crystal collagen base bone and hydroxy soda lime as the research object,according to the admission they were randomly divided into nanometer crystal collagen base bone group and hydroxy soda lime group,and the clinical effect of the two metheds was comparatively analyzed.Results The cure rate of the bone-grafting group was obviously higher than the hydroxyapatite group(P ＜0.05).The average width alveolar ridge after bone incremental of hydroxyapatite group and bone-grafting group compared with preoperation were all increased significantly(P ＜0.01),but the two groups after treating comparison had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of dental implants art alveolar ridge bone mass insufficient treating with bone-grafting is satisfied,and the further research is worth clinical promotion.

ObjectiveTo develop an evidence-based guideline on the oral hygiene care for adults with dementia in aged nursing homes. MethodsUsing the keywords “oral hygiene,dementia,aged nursing homes” to search in the databases including National guideline clearinghouse,Cochrane library,and Joanna Briggs institute,etc.Only the clinical guideline,systematical review and best practice were included. ResultsOne clinical practice guideline,one systematic review,and one best practice were found mainly. ConclusionsThe scale of brief oral health status is recommended,and nurses should be trained for oral screening.Recommendations include regular using toothpaste with fluoride and mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate,reducing intake and frequency of sugar consumption,regular cleaning the dentures,using salvia substitutes or stimulus,and carrying out the behavior management and communication strategies for dementia patients.

BACKGROUND:A variety of stem cells as seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering have been extensively studied.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biological characteristics of different kinds of stem cells and their application in cartilage tissue engineering.
METHODS:By retrieving recent studies on sources of stem cells and influential factors in cartilage tissue engineering, the authors focused on optimization of harvesting stem cells from different sources in bone tissue engineering, problems, and factors that affect cellgrowth, differentiation, reproduction and metabolism, which provide a theoretical basis for tissue-engineered cartilage repair.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large number of experimental studies have confirmed that exogenous stem cells can be used as seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Influential factors relative to cartilage tissue engineering construction using seed cells include growth factors, cellscaffold, cellseeding density, oxygen concentration, stress and micro-gravity. However, tissue-engineered cartilage is stil in the stage of laboratory research, and stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering involves many issues, such as stem celltransformation, in vitro culture of stem cells, how to prolong the survival of cells, reduce cellantigenicity and enhance the host’s immune tolerance, which are yet to be resolved.

Narcolepsy is a disabling sleep disorder characterized mainly by irresistible excessive daytime sleepiness.It seriously influences patient's academic,family,and social function.The etiology of narcolepsy is still elusive,but the hereditary and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute the most.It is a multi-gene regulation disease,the researches of Human Leucocyte Antigen(HLA) gene type HLA-DQB1 * 0602 and HLA-DRB1 * 1501 are most popular in recent years.Especially the HLA-DQB1 * 0602 is regard as the major HLA susceptibility allele for narcolepsy almost in all ethnic groups.And the hypocretin excreting neurons and the hypocretin's deficits would directly lead to somnolence.Some environmental factors which are newly found these years are still playing important roles,such as the contact with certain antigens,infection of beta hemolytic streptococcus,passive smoking and so on.