Objective To review the diagnosis of prostatic cancer in 317 cases encountered between 1969 and 1999. Methods The clinical data of the 317 cases were retrospectively analysed. Results Prostatic cancer constituted 2.2% of the inpatients of the urology department,9.8% of genito urological tumors.In recent 10 years,the new cases of prostatic cancers hospitalized was 4.2 folds more than 20 years before.Since the use of PSA assessment,the diagnosis rate of prostatic cancer especially the T 1 and T 2 cases was significantly elevated (60.2% vs 50.0%). The diagnoses rate of DRE and TRUS was 86.1% and 89.1% whereas if combined with PSA assessment the diagnosis rate of either DRE or TRUS was increased to 99.0%. Serum PSA level was intimately correlated with the grade and stage of prostatic cancer. Conclusions The prostatic cancer inpatients tends to increase.Serum PSA assessment is of important value in detecting early cases of prostatic cancer.PSA,DRE and TRUS are the cardinal means for the screening of prostatic cancer and when used combinedly the diagnosis rate and accuracy are elevated.

Objective To evaluate the differentiation and diagnosis of benign renal tumors and tumor-like lesions. Methods The data of 49 cases of benign renal tumors and tumor-like lesions were retrospectively analyzed.All the 49 cases underwent B-ultrasonography and CT;14 cases underwent MRI.The clinical manifestation,imaging features and the pathological results were evaluated.21 cases of benign renal tumors and tumor-like lesions were misdiagnosed as renal carcinoma and underwent nephrectomy.28 cases underwent nephron-sparing tumor excision. Results There was no specificity of the clinical presentation in all the cases.CT and MRI showed that angiomyolipoma had imaging features of intra-tumoral fat.Color Doppler ultrasonography showed the specific features of renal arterio-venous fistula and renal artery aneurysms.The other imaging features of benign renal tumors and tumor-like lesions had no specificity.28 cases who underwent nephron-sparing surgery were followed up for 1 to 9 years and had no relapse.Their renal functions were normal. Conclusions Bulltrosonography,CT and MRI are contributive to the diagnosis and treatment of benign renal tumors and tumor-like lesions.Using nephron-sparing surgery for indeterminate renal masses may reduce misdiagnosis and unnecessary nephrectomy.

Objective To evaluate and recommend the use of appendix anastomosed to umbilicus as the outlet of urinary reservoir. Methods The procedure has been conducted in 17 cases underwent total cystectomy from Jan 1995 to May 2000 and the outcome has been studied. Results Continence has been achieved in all.Neither difficulty in catheterization nor acute pyelonephritis was noted.There has been slight bilateral hydronephrosis in 2 patients. Conclusions The use of appendix anastomosed to umbilicus as the outlet of continent urinary reservoir is a good alternative for urinary diversion.

Objective To find out the clinical characteristics of the group of lymphoma patients with original appearance of abdominal mass through analysis of their clinical manifestation,pathology and treatment outcome.Methods Retrospective study of clinical data of 35 cases,who were admitted to PLA General Hospital from 1998 to 2003,was made as to their age,sex,pathological pattern,size of the mass at diagnosis,and accompanying symptoms,blood examination,therapy and effect with follow-up of 16~96 months.Results Seventy-four point 3 percent of the patients were male,and most of them(71.4%)with enlarged post peritoneal lymphatic nodes.Ninety-one point four percent of the patients were non-Hodgkin lymphoma and nearly half of them aged between 40 to 50.NHL patients(65.6%)of B-cell origin were more than those of T-cell origin(28.1%).One out of three HL patients died of disease relapse.Nine NHL patients died,including 6 who received conventional chemotherapy and 3 who underwent stem cell transplantation.Half of the patients(2/4)who had hepatic dysfunction and acites died.Conclusion Lymphoma patients with original appearance of abdominal mass are mostly seen in male,and most are of B cell origin.Huge mass,acites and hepatic dysfunction indicate unfavourable prognosis.LDH and ?_2-MG may be two of the prognostic factors.

To elucidate the relationship between WT1 expression and differentiation of leukemia cells and the role of WT1 gene in differentiation of leukemia cells, HL 60 and K562 cell lines were induced for 5 days by all trans retinoic acid(ATRA).Then the degree of differentiation and WT1 expression of cell lines were determined by NBT reduction assay and RT PCR respectively. The resultsshowed that only differentiation of HL 60 cells but no K562 cells could be induced by ATRA. When HL 60 cells were induced to differentiate to granulocytes by ATRA, the expression of WT1 decreased markedly during differentiation. However, WT1 transcripts were not significantly altered in K562 cells in which differentiation wasn't found. It suggested that WT1 gene expression may relate to the differentiation of leukemia cells.

To evaluate the clinical value of NMP22 for the diagnosis of urothelial cancer. Urinary NMP22 was determined with enzyme linked immunoaorbent assay (ELISA) in 50 patients in whom 24 patients were suffering from cancer of urothelium, and 20 cases of cancer of other origins, and 6 cases of artificial bladder after total cystectomy for cancer. The median NMP22 value of urothelial cancer was 37 49U/ml, which was significantly higher than those of other patients (4 33U/ml, P

Objective To evaluate the clinical experience in the treatment of the bladder cancer with holmium laser. Methods From June 2001 to June 2002, a total of 34 cases of transitional cell bladder carcinoma, including 30 male and 4 female, with clinical stage T 1 to T 2a and grade I to Ⅱ, were treated with holmium laser. A 550um end firing fiber was delivered through 21 Fr cystoscopy and power(1 to 1.5 J) was delivered at 15 to 40 pulses per second. Results Bladder tumors were resected easily in 26 cases with holmium laser. In 7 cases it was supplemented with TURBT. Only in one case, holmium laser treatment was given up because of continuous bleeding. The patient was then treated with partial cystectomy. Laser operating time ranged form 5min to 60min, mean 20min. Side effects such as uncontrollable bleeding, perforation of bladder, and obturator nerve reflection were not found. 30 cases were followed up for 3 to 12 months, and tumor recurrence were found in 3 cases. Conclusion Holmium laser resection of bladder tumors is a safe, effective, simple method with less side effects. But the field of vision will be obscure unless continuous irrigation is given during operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of carteolol hydrochloride eye drops on 24-hour variation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods The 30 patients who had never used any anti-glaucoma eye drops were chosen, and their 24-hour variation of IOP (at 2:00 AM, 6:00 AM, 10:00 AM, 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM, 10:00 PM) were measured. Then carteolol hydrochloride eye drops were used twice a day (7:00 AM and 7:00 PM), 1-2 drops each time. Fifteen days later, their 24-h IOP was measured again and the data were analyzed. Results The average IOP at six monitoring points before treatment were (19.77±2.51) mm Hg, (19.52±2.34) mm Hg, (20.38±2.71) mm Hg, (20.07±3.65) mm Hg, (19.97±4.10) mm Hg and (19.97±4.31) mm Hg, the corresponding data after 15 days of treatment were (17.12±2.38) mm Hg, (17.42±2.60) mm Hg, (18.18±2.36) mm Hg, (18.02±3.77) mm Hg, (17.72±3.17) mm Hg and (17.35±3.40) mm Hg (t=11.68, P=0.000). The difference before and after treatment was (2.46±2.05) mm Hg during day and (2.17±1.88) mm Hg during night, and no significant difference was found between them. Conclusions Carteolol hydrochloride eye drops could significantly reduce the IOP, the decreased extent of 24-h IOP is stable.

AIM: To study the in situ stimulation effect of compound aluminum sulfate injection after i.m. in rabbit quadriceps and dog bladder. The absorption of aluminum and the healing of the bladder wall were also studied to give an evaluation on the safety of the compound injection. METHODS: Compound aluminum sulfate injection was i.m. injected into quadriceps of the rabbits. The in situ stimulation effect was observed macrographically. Blood samples were collected at different time after i.m. injection. Aluminum concentrations were determined by ICP-MS assay and simulated with DAS software. Tissue necrosis as well as the healing of the bladder wall were observed macrographically or pathologically after the injection was given into dog bladder. RESULTS:Severe stimulation was observed after intra quadriceps injection, however, there was no obvious elevation of blood aluminum concentration. The average AUC0-24 was 2.93±1.82 mg·h·L-1 (n=5), corresponding to a relative bioavailability of about 2.77%. Injecting in bladder muscle necrotized the bladder wall in situ, but fibroblast generated and took place of the necrotized membrane and muscle four weeks after injection. There was no bleeding or perforation on the bladder wall. CONCLUSION:Caused compound aluminum sulfate injection in situ necrosis which healed up in 4 weeks. Aluminum absorption is very low after injection, giving a further explanation to the safety of the compound injection.

Objective To establish a rat model of hyperlipidemia and analyze the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid metabolism and expression of visfatin gene. Method High fat diet was used to establish the hyperlipidemia rat model. Blood was taken at four weeks after high fat diet feeding to analyze the level of glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO) and triglyeride(TG). The rats were divided into experimental group and control group after the hyperlipidemia rat model was established successfully. The experimental group rats were treated with CLA(0.8 mL /0.1 kg)orally for four weeks. The food intake and body weight were recorded. The rats were sacrificed, and both body fat and serum lipid levels were measured. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the expression level of visfatin mRNA. Result The hyperlipidemic rat models were induced by high fat diet successfully. The body weight, food intake and body fat in the rats of CLA experiment group were significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P< 0.05). The level of GLU, CHO, TG and LDL in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05), but the serum HDL-C was increased in the experimental group. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression level of visfatin gene of the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion CLA can reduce the expression of visfatin gene and improve the lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats.