Objective To research the pathogenies' types and analyze the antibacterial drug' s using rationality from the children with acute respiratory infection,our study were generated by pediatric department from the hospital lasting 2 years.Methods A total of 93 pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection admitted from December 1,2010 through November 30,2012 were enrolled into study.The throat swabs from 93 patients were sent to the Beijing Center for Disease and Prevention (CDC) to identify the influenza virus,syncytial virus and mycoplasma with rapid nucleic acid test.The specimens of sputum from hospitalized patients were sent to the hospital bacterial laboratory for bacteria culture.With the Children Drug Utilization Index (cDUI),the rationality of using antibiotics was estimated.The database was established by using SPSS version 18.0 software and the data were analyzed to determine the statistical distinction among the percentage by the Chi square test (P ＜ 0.05).Results Of them,70.96％ pediatric patients were below 3 years old (excluding newborns).Of them,62.36％ patients had positive findings of viral infection.The predominant viruses of respiratory infection were syncytial virus accounting for 30.43％,the influenza viruses 24.63％ and the para-influenza virus 10.14％.The patients with positive results in vital test were more vulnerable to lower respiratory infection than those with negative results.The pneumonia patients with positive finding of syncytial virus accounted for 85.71％ (18 patients) in which the median cDUI was 1.30.The antibiotics were given to 28 pneumonia patients with positive virus test,in which the median cDUI was 1.05.Of 28 pneumonia patients,4 (16％) had positive bacteria growth in sputum cultures,and 4 cases (16％) had positive bacteria growth in blood cultures.Conclusions In the district of hospital,the lower respiratory infection was usually caused by viruses.Therefore,antibiotics should not be given in patients without evidence of bacterial infection.It is a irrational strategy to use antibiotics in those patients when the Children Drug Utilization Index is high (＞ 1.0).It is paramount important to notice that the percentage of positive bacteria growth in sputum cultures is usually not high because the antibiotics are given by OPD physicians before hospitalization of patients with bacterial infections in the acute respiratory illness.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death,with a 5- year survival rate of less than 5％.The management and prognosis of the patients have remained dismal due to higher resistance of cancer cells to conventional approaches including surgery,radiation and chemotherapy.Therefore,there is a need for development of specific and sensitive tumor marker for pancreatic cancer.Caveolin- 1 is an essential constituent of caveolae and interacts with a variety of cellular proteins and regulates cell- signaling events.In this review,we survey the functional roles of caveolin- 1 in pancreatic cancer and argue that caveolin-1 regulates multiple cancer-associated processes including tumor growth,cell invasion,metastasis,cell apeptosis.However,Caveolin-1 has been reported to impact both positively and negatively on various aspects of pancreatic cancer progression.The function of caveolin- 1 is interdependent on tumor stage and the expression of some signaling pathways that impact on its role during tumor progression.

Fasting free fatty acids (FFA), plasma cortisol (F) were determined in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. The results show that FFA, F and HOMA-IR are significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than those in controls(all P

Objective An innovation of operative procedure with biological repair of ligaments for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation. Methods Based on the anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics, the operation was designed for restoring the stability of a completely dislocated acromioclavicular joint. Through bone holes drilled along the direction of coracoclavicular ligament fibers, the synthetic absorbable suture was used to rebuild the coracoclavicular ligament for vertical stability of the joint, and then a double loop suture was performed to rebuild acromioclavicular ligament and the capsule for horizontal stability. This biomechanical repair was simple, rapid procedure, and of less tissue trauma. The acromioclavicular joint was steadily fixed without any metallic imbedding, nor interference with joint surface. Results With 1－ 2.5 years follow up, 11 patients recovered with good healing, normal range of shoulder joint motion, and stable fixation. There was no need for secondary procedure to remove the sutures. The curative results of all patients were A degree based on the Karlsson s evaluation. There was no any complication. Conclusion The synthetic absorbable suture could be used with satisfaction for the repair of acromioclavicular dislocation. Compared with routine fixation with metallic material, the new kind of biofixation was not only effective, but also avoided the need of a second procedure for suture removal.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) is one of the most important transcriptional factors which regulate the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), HIF-1 plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The transcriptional regulation role for HIF-1 in tumor angiogenesis is closely related to its molecular structure,biological character and molecular mechanism and signaling pathways.

As the most common pathogen for healthcare -associated infection in European and American countries, Clostridium difficile has become increasingly popular in China and has posed a great threat to public health.Based on evidences retrieved from the PubMed and CNKI databases , this article reviews biological characters and dissemination patterns of C.difficile, epidemiology, burden and risk factors of C.difficile infection, and the surveillance, contact precaution, hand hygiene, antimicrobial stewardship, environment cleaning, use of probiotics and vaccine for the prevention of C.difficile infection.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and general regularity of ADR induced by Danhong injection,and to provide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:Using“Danhong injection”and“ADR”as keywords,retrieved from CJFD,literatures published during 2005-2015 were collected and analyzed statistically in repsects of patient’s gender and age,disease and allergic history,drug combination,occurrence time of ADR and clinical manifestations,etc. RESULTS:A total of 24 literatures were collected,involving 360 cases. Female patients were more than male(66.11% vs. 33.89%);ADR often oc-curred within 30 min during medication(169 cases,46.94%);main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appendents (163 cases,42.89%), systemic injury(72 cases,18.95%). The severe one would suffer form allergic shock. CONCLUSIONS:Great importance should be attached to the indication of Danhong injection,treatment based on syndrome differentiation,rational drug use and close monitoring. Constant vigilance is necessary to the occurrence of ADR.

Objective: To investigate the effect of GLP1 on the blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats,and its protective effects on the islet B cells.Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups: spontaneous type 2 diabetes animal model OLETF rats,GLP-1 [from the twelfth week 56 ?g/(kg?d),sc] therapy group and LETO rats as control.In the 14th and 20th weeks,standard OGTT including fast and 2 h-plasma glucose were measured respectively.In the 14th weeks,3 rats from each group were killed randomly,and the rest of the rats were killed until the 20th week.Immunostaining with the marker of PCNA,TUNEL,and insulin assessed metabolic changes in the islet. Ultrastructure of the B cell was observed with the electronic microscope.Results: In the 14th and 20th week,AUC for insulin were higher in treated animals(10.86?1.56 vs.9.07?1.28,P

Mechanism of diabetes is due to damaged ?-cell or absolute or relative lack of insulin caused by insulin resistance. Stem cells have the potential of proliferation and differentiation into insulin-secreting cells, can also solve the problems of immune rejection. Pancreatic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells and cord blood stem cells can be induced to differentiate into ?-cells, or increased ?-cell regeneration using drugs to play a role in diabetes treatment. Stem cell therapy for diabetes research have made progresses, high blood sugar status have been corrected in some of diabetes animals. But islet development and differentiation mechanisms require deeply studies to gain information for embryonic stem cells induced to differentiate into ? cells. A higher differentiation rate and more mature insulin-secreting cells can be achieved using inducible factor with procedures and application.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship and prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)、epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in patients with non- small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods:Immunohistochemical method (S-P) was used to detect the expression of the MMP-9、EGFR in 62 NSCLC tissues and 18 normal lung tissues. Results:The positive expression rates of MMP-9 and EGFR were 67.7%,58.1% respectively in the 62 NSCLC.Their expression levels were significantly higher than those in 18 para-cancerous normal lung tissues(P