Animals ; Female ; Hydrocarbons ; toxicity ; Kidney ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Liver ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design of experiments was used to optimize the extracellular polysaccharide content and the mycelium biomass by submerged cultivation using Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245. The critical factors selected for the investigation were temperature, time of cultivation and volume of medium, based on the results of our previous Plackett-Burman design. The objectives of this present work were to locate optimum levels of these process parameters, and to find out interactions among them for enhancement of the yield of extracellular polysaccharide and mycelium biomass. By solving the regression equation and also by analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal process conditions were determined: under conditions of temperature, 28.07℃; cultivation time, 8.79 d and volume of medium, 68.51 mL, the prediction of extracellular polysaccharide content (EPC) by Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245 was 1062.69 ?g per milliliter of fermentation liquor. While cultivation temperature, time and volume of medium were 27.60℃, 9.42 d and 54.20 mL respectively, the mycelium biomass expressed as dry cell weight (DCW) was 11.32 mg?mL -1. In order to simultaneously obtain the maximum yield of EPC and DCW, the above conditions would be located at 27.62℃, 9.19 d and 64.10 mL. In these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of EPC and DCW were found to be 1050.64 ?g?mL -1 and 11.10 mg?mL -1, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiment.

Objective To evaluate the value of 64-slice spiral CT angiography in diagnosing diabetic leg arteriosclerosis obliterans(DLASO).Methods 64-slice spiral CT angiography was done in 90 patients with diabete and suspected vascular disorders of lower limb.Images were analyzed on the basis of the transverse CT source data including the maximum intensity projection(MIP),volume rendering(VR),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) and curved planar reconstruction(CPR).Results 64-slice spiral CT angiography could exactly show the space relationship and anatomical detail of aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries.Arteriosclerostic obliterans was found in variant degree in 67 cases(67/90),of them,49(56.3%) were slight to medium arteriostenosis,18(20.7%) were obvious arteriostenosis and 7 were complete obstructed with collateral circulation.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT angiography is of significant value in the assessment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity arteries in the patients with diabetes.

Objective To assess the efficacy of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast in the detection of residual lesions of early stage breast carcinoma after lumpectomy. Methods 53 patients with breast masses confirmed to be malignant tumors by pathology after lumpectomy underwent the dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MR imaging and then further surgical treatment by lumpectomy. The DCE MRI-based diagnoses were compared to the results of pathological analyses after the second lumpectomy. Results 17 (32%) cases were detected with abnormal enhancement. 8 cases presented mass-like enhancements , and 6 of them showed tumorous residuals (P < 0.01). 6 presented focal enhancements, taking up 35% and one of them was confirmed pathologically to have tumorous residuals (P < 0.01). 3 cases presented mass-like enhancement, taking up 18% and 2 of them were confirmed with cancerous residuals . MR dynamic enhancement showed 68% of the them presented no abnormal enhancements in the breast and 33 of themhad no residual cancer , taking up 92%. 3 of them were confirmed with tumorous residuals , taking up 8%. The The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DCE MR imaging for diagnosing residual malignant lesion were 52% and 92%, respectively . Conclusion The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of breast is helpful for evaluating residual malignant lesion after lumpectomy and affects positively subsequent treatment.

Objective:To investigate the changes of plasma ghrelin levels and insulin(INS) sensitivity of full-term infants small for gestational age (SGA) and the effects of breast feeding on it.Methods:Full-term SGA hospitalised in the Department of Neonatology, Wuhan Children′s Hospital from October 2014 to April 2019 were re-cruited as the SGA group (120 cases), with full-term infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA) born in the same period as the AGA group (96 cases) in this study with recorded birth weight and length.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FG), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), INS and ghrelin were measured 7 days after birth.Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.The SGA group was subdivided into breast feeding group and formula feeding group.The above indexes were tracked and mea-sured in the 3 rd and 6 th month, respectively, and their growth parameters were recorded. Results:There were no diffe-rences in serum FG, TG, LDL and HDL levels between the SGA and the AGA group (all P>0.05). Compared with the AGA group, the serum INS[(4.21±0.83) mIU/L vs.(3.54±1.10) mIU/L], ghrelin levels[(0.80±0.23) μg/L vs.(0.69±0.19) μg/L] and HOMA-IR (0.85±0.25 vs.0.72±0.25) increased in the SGA group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Serum INS, HOMA-IR and ghrelin levels changed with the duration of breast feeding, the differences were statistically significant( F=12.394, 9.810, 5.531, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum ghrelin levels of SGA infants increased and INS sensitivity decreased.Breastfeeding can decrease levels of serum INS, HOMA-IR and ghrelin, and can improve INS sensitivity of SGA infants.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Donors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Hormones ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the expressions of C/EBPs mRNA and protein in the sebaceous gland and to study the relationship between C/EBPs and the differentiation of sebocytes. Methods RT-PCR and immunhischemistry were used to detect the expressions of C/EBPs mRNA and protein in the embryo and adult sebaceous glands. Results The lowest expression of C/EBP? mRNA in the sebaceous gland was found in embryonic period, but increased gradually during the developmental stages. The expression of C/EBP? mRNA in the sebaceous gland showed different expression patterns, i.e. it maintained at low level in all of the developmental stages. Expressions of C/EBP? and ? protein were found in the nuclei of sebocytes in embryonic period but in the basal cell layer of sebaceous glands in maturation phase. Conclusion The expression patterns of C/EBPs are different in the sebaceous gland from embryonic to adult stages, suggesting that C/EBP? and ? may play important roles in the development of human sebaceous gland.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined Metformin and esomeprazole therapy on plasma levels of gastrin,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and insulin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study of 41 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted.Patients were randomly assigned into treatment group(combination therapy with Metformin 0.5 g,bid or tid and Esomeprazole 20 mg,qd,for 12 weeks)and placebo group(Metformin monotherapy 0.5 g,bid or tid,for 12 weeks).Fasting blood samples were taken from vein before and after treatment.Fasting serum levels of gastrin,glucose,HbA1c,insulin,lipids,liver and renal functions were compared between the two groups.The homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion index (HOMA-β)were calculated,and complications were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in body mass index and waist circumference between the two groups.Serum gastrin level was slightly increased in the treatment group 12 weeks after treatment,but without statistically significance [(127.20±9.21)ng/L vs.(131.53±7.84)ng/L,P＞0.05],and serum gastrin level had no significant differences in the placebo group before and after treatment [(128.42±4.58)ng/L vs.(127.51±3.47)ng/L,P＞0.05].However,there were no significant differences in the changes of blood glucose,HbA1c,insulin,HOMA-β and HOMA-IR before versus after therapy,and between the two group(all P＞0.05).Conclusions Combined Metformin and insulin therapy cannot increase serum gastrin and insulin levels and has no significant effect on reducing blood glucose and HbA1c levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous cannulated lag screws versus posterior buttress plate in the fixation for posterior malleolar fractures.Methods We reviewed the 167 patients who had been treated between January 2010 and December 2014 for ankle fracture involving larger than 25％ of the articular surface of the posterior malleolus.They received posterior malleolus fixation with percutaneous cannulated lag screws or with a buttress plate.In the cannulated screw group (84 patients),there were 47 males and 37 females,aged from 23 to 72 years (average,49.7 ±9.1 years),and 39 cases of type B and 45 ones of type C according to the Dennis-Webber classification.In the buttress plate group (83 patients),there were 38 males and 45 females,aged from 31 to 69 years (average,52.3 ± 8.3 years),and 45 cases of type B and 38 ones of type C according to the Dennis-Webber classification.At 6 and 12 months postoperation and the final follow-up,the ankle motion was evaluated using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and range of motion (ROM).Results The average operation time for the cannulated screw group was significantly shorter than for the buttress plate group (Z =-9.145,P ＜ 0.001).No fracture nonunion,reduction loss or incision infection happened in either group.In the cannulated screw group,we detected malunion with a step-off beyond 2 mm in 5 patients,and penetration of one cannulated lag screw into the tibiofibular syndesmosis in 3 patients.In the buttress plate group,we detected toe flexion contracture in 4 patients,and uncomfortable feeling in ankle motion in 7 patients.At the final follow-up,X-rays and CT scans in the 2 groups showed no obvious post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the ankle.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the AOFAS scores at 6 and 12 months postoperation and the final follow-up(P ＞ 0.05);the AOFAS scores at the final follow-up for all the patients were significantly different from those at 6 and 12 months postoperation (P ＜ 0.05).At the final follow-up,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding ROMs of dorsal flexion,plantar flexion,varus or valgus (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions As there are no significant differences between the percutaneous cannulated lag screws and posterior buttress plate in AOFAS score and ROM of the ankle after fixation for posterior malleolar fractures,the 2 fixation methods can both achieve good clinical outcomes.Fixation with cannulated lag screws has advantages of indirect reduction and minimal invasion but also a disadvantage of uncertain quality of reduction;fixation with buttress plates has an advantage of anatomical reduction under direct vision but also shortcomings of relatively large invasion and high cost.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult