Objective:To study B cells proliferation and activation induced by tumor derived-autophagosomes ( TDA). Methods:Splenocytes of mice were incubated with 10μg/ml TDAs in vitro ( with the 10μg/ml whole cell lysate as the control).At the 3rd day,the expression of MHCⅠ,Ⅱand co-stimulate molecules including CD86,CD40 were detected by flow cytometry,and B cells proliferation was detected at the 5th day.B cells were selected from spleen of mice using anti-CD43 dynabeads,and incubated with 10μg/ml TDA in vitro ( with the same concentrated whole tumor cell lysate as the control).At the 7th day,IgM in the supernatant were tested by ELISA.Results:When compared with whole cell lysate stimulated B cells,TDA efficently stimulated B cells division in vitro ( TDA group:28.6%, Whole cell lysate group:4.4%) , and significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) on B cells,and enhanced the levels of total IgM secretion in vitro.Conclusion:Tumor-derived autophagosomes ( TDA) ,as a vacuole antigen vector, could stimulate B cells proliferation, activation, and increased IgM secretion in vitro.

Objective To develop a rapid molecular biological method for detection of the asymptomatic infection of Leish?mania. Methods Two pairs of primers named RV1?RV2 and K13A?K13B were selected to be the fast diagnosis primers since they were designed according to the conserved region of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA(kDNA)minicircles. The PCR amplifica?tion products of Leishmania donovani promastigote from Shandong Province were sequenced to compare their conservatism. The method was applied to detect 105 venous blood samples from healthy home canine and 7 venous blood samples from home canine suffered from Kala?azar in Heishui County of Sichuan Province,and 75 venous blood samples from susceptible population(no leishmaniasis symptoms)and 7 venous blood samples from patients in Xinjiang Kashi area in order to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Results The size of PCR products was consistent with the expected fragments with high conservative among Leishmania species. The positive rates of 105 home canine samples and 75 susceptible population samples were 37.14%(39/105)and 82.67%(62/75)rspectively,and the positive rates of home canine suffered from Kala?azar and patients were all 100%(7/7). Conclusion This rapid diagnosis method is suitable for detection of asymptomatic infection of Leishmania in Kala?azar endemic areas of China with high sensitive and specific,thus it has bright perspective to be used.

Objective To explore the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the display of detailed anatomical structures at the pancreaticobiliary junction. Methods 112 patients who received enhanced MRI of upper abdomen were included in the study. Patients with pancreatic and/or biliary diseases diagnosed clinically and with laboratory tests were excluded. The types of junction between the terminal common bile duct and the pancreatic duct, and the location of the major duodenal papilla were studied on MRI. We measured the angle between the duodenum and the common pancreaticobiliary duct or the common bile duct. Results Of the 112 patients, the duodenal papillas were located at the upper, middle, and lower segment of the duodenum in 17. 0%, 66. 0% and 17. 0%, respectively.The angle between the common pancreaticobiliary duct or the distal common bile duct and the descending duodenum was 44. 4°±17. 3°. The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct opened separately in 9 patients (8. 0%). The confluence of the two ducts was present inside and outside of the duodenum wall in 13 (11. 6%) and 90 patients (80. 4%), respectively. The angle between the distal common bile duct and the pancreatic duct was 37. 8°±15.1°. Conclusion MRI was able to display detailed anatomical structures of the pancreaticobiliary junction, including the angle of the junction between the two ducts and the location of the duodenal papilla. It has the ability to provide meticulous anatomical data for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the pancreaticobiliary junction and to help surgeons formulate operative plans.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and effects on hemorheology of acupuncture therapy combined with gaba-pentin in the treatment of patients with tension headache. Methods:Totally 92 cases of patients with tension headache were randomly divided into the observation group (n=46) and the control group (n=46) according to the random number table. The control group was given gabapentin, while the observation group was treated with acupuncture therapy on the basis of treatment in the control group. The treatment course was 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy, changes of the headache indices, VAS score and hemorheology levels before and after the treatments in the two groups were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions was observed as well. Results:The to-tal effective rate of the observation group (93. 48%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (73. 91%, P<0. 05). Af-ter the treatment, the headache indices in both groups significantly decreased (P<0. 05), and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The VAS scores in both groups significantly decreased after the treat-ment (P<0. 05), and the decrease in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0. 05). The plas-ma viscosity, hematocrit and platelet aggregation rate in both groups significantly decreased after the treatment (P<0. 05), and the decrease in the observation group was more notable than that in the control group (P<0. 05). No severe adverse reactions were shown in both groups during the treatment course. Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy combined with gabapentin in the treatment of patients with tension headache shows striking effects, which can improve hemorheology with promising safety and deserves further studies.

One case with fulminant type 1 diabetes during the third trimester of pregnancy was reported.If a patient manifests abrupt onset of hyperglycemia,nausea,vomiting,and bellyache during pregnancy or immediately after delivery,fulminant type 1 diabetes should be considered.

Objective To establish a mice model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and to investigate the effect of cisplatin on the expression of caspase-3 in mouse cochlea.Methods Totally 69 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,cisplatin 2.5mg/(kg?d) group,cisplatin 3.5mg/(kg?d) group and cisplatin 4.5mg/(kg?d)group.Mice were injected intraperitoneally for 5 days.Auditory brainstem response(ABR) was measured to observe the change of hearing.Envision method of immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of caspase-3 in cochlea.Results The weight and hearing of mice in different dose cisplatin groups were declined significantly as compared with those in control group(P

OBJECTIVE To explore disinfection effect of ventilator circuits and monitor the best one from two methods for sampling bacterial culture of pre-and post-mechanical physical disinfection ventilator circuit as well as different culture media.METHODS Pre-and post-disinfection ventilator circuits were sampled and cultured by the direct smudge method and the dilution method respectively which simultaneously the ordinary nutrient agar and the blood cultures used.RESULTS Bacterical positive rate of the direct smudge method was significantly higher than that of the dilution method in pre-and post-disinfection ventilator circuits(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS The direct smudge method is superior to the dilution method in monitoring the disinfection effect of ventilator circuit,it can effectively reduce the false negative rate and make the disinfection effect examination to be more accurate.

Objective Frozen section(FS)and touch imprint cytology(TIC)were common methods for intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph node(SLN)biopsy in breast cancer,with low sensitivity when used separately.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of combination of these two techniques.Methotis This study included 400 sentinel nodes from 150 patients with breast cancer.352 sentinel nodes were bisected along the long axis.Each sectioned surface of SLN was imprinted onto the surface of a slide and was analyzed by cytologist;meanwhile SLN were analyzed with intraoperative FS.The other 48 SLN were only analyzed with intraoperative PS due to their small size.Results of intraoperative P3 and TIC were compared with final pathology.Results Eighty-nine positive SLN from 55 patients were identified by final pathology.The specificity of FS and TIC were both 100%.According to the number of SLN.the sensitivity of TIC and FS was 71.9%(64/89)and 83.1%(74/89),respectively(P＞0.05).The sensitivity of TIC compared with FS was 96.6%(86/89),significantly higher than that of TIC and FS separately(both P＜0.001).According to the number of patients,the sensitivities of TIC and FS were 80.0%(44/55)and 81.8%(45/55),respectively(P＞0.05).The sensitivity of TIC compared with FS was 94.5%(52/55).significantly higher than that of TIC and FS separately (both P＜0.001).Conclusion Combination of FS and TIC for the intraoperative diagnosis of SLN biopsy in breast cancer was reliable,with hish sensitivity and specificity,and could avoid the second axillary operation efficiently.

Objective:To determine the effects of enforced expression of Foxp3 in lung cancer cell with regards to proliferation and tumorgeneity. Methods: A stable subline NCIH-hFoxp3 was established by liopfectamin-mediated pcDNA plasmid transfection carrying exogenous hFoxp3. The growth curve and secrection of IL-8 and IL-10 of NCIH-hFoxp3 were evaluated using MTT and ELISA, respectively. The in vivo tumorigeneity was assessed as well by inoculation of NCIH-hFoxp3 subcutaneously in nude mice. Results:Lung cancer cell NCIH-hFoxp3 with enforced expression of Foxp3 proliferated slowly but exihited increased in vivo tumorgeneity compared with corresponding control subline. In addition,increased expression of hFoxp3 in NCIH-hFoxp3 augmented secretion and at-tenuated secretion of IL-8 and IL-10,respectively. Conclusion:Increased expression of Foxp3 may promote progression of lung cancer cell by change of cellular microenvironment and evasion of immune surveillance.