The end stage of chronic renal diseases is characterized by glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Studies have revealed that effective amelioration of renal fibrosis can significantly delay the progression of chronic renal diseases. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcriptional factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and PPAR-γ is one of the phenotypes of PPARs. The effect of PPAR-γ on inhibiting renal fibrosis has become a hot spot. In this article the research advances of PPAR-γ in amelioration of renal fibrosis are reviewed.

The malaria annual reports, epidemic situation reports, case investigation reports and blood examination data for febrile patients from 2003 to 2007 in Nantong City were analysed, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the measures of malaria control. The results suggested that mobile population was the key point of malaria control in Nantong City, and the main control measures should put emphasis on epidemic situation supervision of mobile population and surveillance on febrile patients.

AIM: To study the effects of l-menthol and its binary systems on percutaneous penetration and deposit effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Percutaneous absorption experiment was performed on the apparatus of isolated skin, penetrated amounts of different times of 5-FU were determined, the cumulate penetrated amounts and permeation rates and increased permeation times were calculated, and the deposit effect of 5-FU was investigated. RESULTS: L-menthol of different concentrations could significantly enhance the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU, its increased permeation times were 1.25 and 1.45 and 1.37 times respectively,and the action of 5-FU with 2% l-menthol was the strongest. 5-FU with 2% and 4% l-menthol had a marked deposit effect. When some kinds of enhancers were used alone or combined with l-menthol, the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU had a significantly increase. CONCLUSION: L-menthol and its binary systems can markedly promote the percutaneous penetration and the deposit effect of 5-FU.

A total of 10 local malaria cases and 21 imported cases were detected in Pukou District of Nanjing City from 2003 to 2007. The result suggests the surveillance of mobile population should be strengthened in this district.

Objective To develop a mobile terminal data acquisition for data collection of malaria prevention and control in the field. Methods Based on 3G,Bluetooth,GPS and/or Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and wireless network communication technology(WIFI),a mobile terminal data acquisition for data collection of malaria prevention and control was developed. Results The developed system included 2 functional modules:a terminal and iCloud,and had examination,modi?fication and deletion functions of malaria epidemiological data. By using GPS and GIS,the target population or institution could be accurately positioned to determine whether the distribution of malaria cases had a spatial aggregation. Conclusion A mobile terminal data acquisition in malaria prevention and control is successfully developed,which is very convenient for data collec?tion and submission of malaria prevention and control.

AIM To study the effect l-menthol pretreated nasal cavity on insulin pharmacological bioavailability(PBA). METHODS To set up diabetic rats model,nasal cavities were pretreated with l-menthol for two hours,insulin was dripped, blood glucose concentrations of different time were determined,and the area over the curve (AOC) and pharmacological bioavailability(PBA) were calculated. RESULTS After rats nasal cavity was pretreated with different concentrations l-menthol, nasal cavity absorption of insulin markedly increased between 2 h and 3 h,and PBA of insulin nasal cavity absorption increased respectively 5.77,7.00 and 3.12 times than control group. CONCLUSION l-Menthol promotes the nasal cavity absorption of insulin.

Objective To analyze the epidemic status and progress of malaria elimination in Nantong City,so as to provide evidences for adjusting the control measures and guiding the work of malaria elimination. Methods The data about the epidem?ic situation of malaria and malaria elimination in Nantong City from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2008 to 2014,a total of 305 malaria cases were reported in Nantong City,with an an?nual average incidence of 0.57/100 000. Among all the cases,26(8.52%)were local tertian malaria cases and 279(91.48%) were imported cases;276 cases(90.49%)were male and most of them were young adults,and those aged in 20-59 accounted for 91.48%(279/305). There were cases reported in each month,with no obvious seasonality. The imported cases were mainly distributed in Hai’an County(80 cases),Haimen City(71 cases)and Tongzhou District(41 cases),and the total percentage of them was 68.82%among all the imported malaria cases in Nantong City. There were no local malaria cases reported in Nan?tong City since 2011. Qidong City,Rudong County,Chongchuan District,Development Zone and Gangzha District have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. Conclusions From 2008 to 2014,the malaria cases in Nantong City are mainly imported cases,the number of local cases has decreased significantly,and there has been no local infected cas?es reported in the continuous 4 years of 2011-2014. Totally 5 counties(cities,districts)among the 9 have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu City. In the future,the control of imported malaria should still be strengthened,and the work of malaria elimination should still be promoted.

Objective To observe the effects of calcitriol on cellular proliferation and apoptosis,and on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced α-SMA and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis in renal interstitial fibroblasts,so as to illustrate its potential roles and underlying mechanisms in preventing renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods In NRK-49F of cultured rats in vitro,cellular proliferation was detected by MTY.The cellular cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow eytometry using annexin-V FITC/propidium iodide(PI).Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN,and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of α-SMA and FN. Results Cellular proliferation was inhibited by calcitriol through G1-arrest (P＜0.05).But calcitriol had no effect on cell apoptosis(P＞0.05).Increased expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN mRNA induced by TGF-β1were significantly suppressed by calcitriol as compared with TGF-β1 treated group (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference among the groups with various concentration of calcitrol (P＞0.05).The similar phenomenon of the level of α-SMA and FN protein expression was observed in all groups by Western blot. Conclusion Caleiniol inhibits cellular proliferation of renal interstitial fibroblast by G1-arrest,but has no effect on cell apoptosis,and can prevent renal interstitial fibrosis caused by TGF-β1.

Objective To discuss the value of ultrasonic miniature probe (UMP) in the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer.Methods Sixty-one colorectal cancer patients were examined before operation using the UMP (Olympus UM-2R,12 MHz).According to the intestinal wall structural layers and the close organic infiltration,the tumor encroaching depth was judged and the diagnosis of the T stage was made.All cases got the pathological verification,which was compared with the stage of UMP.Results The general diagnostic accurate rate of tubal wall encroaching depth (T stage) by the UMP was 86.9% (53/61) in the colorectal cancer and the diagnostic accurate rate was 100.0% (3/3) in the early stage cancer.UMP stage and TNM stage showed a better consistency (Kappa=0.790).Conclusions UMP has high accurate rate in the judgment of the colorectal cancer encroaching depth.There is some value in the T stage diagnosis before operation,which could help patients with colorectal cancer select suitable therapies.

Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.