OBJECTIVE To investigate the disinfection method for indwelling urinary catheter and its correlation with the urinary infection.METHODS Eighty cases with indwelling catheter were randomly assigned to two groups.0.5% Polyvidone iodine(Iodophor)was used as lubricant and disinfectant in the experimental group.The control group received liquid paraffin and 0.1% benzalkonium bromide.RESULTS The incidence of urinary tract infections in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group with the same indwelling time of catheter(P

OBJECTIVE:To compare benproperine sustained-release tablet(BP)with cofrel tablet(CF)in respect to the bioequivalence,release characteristics and correlation between in vitro dissolubility and in vivo absorption METHODS:A HPLC method was used to determine the serum benproperine concentration after single and multiple oral administration of 80mg BP and CF in a two-period cross-over test RESULTS:The T1/2(?),Tpeak,Cmax,AUC0～36,AUC0～∞ of BP after single and multiple oral administration were (11 99?1 15)h and (11 91?1 41)h,(3 80?0 42)h and (2 25?0 26)h,(0 2 787?0 03)?g/ml and (0 4 507?0 07)?g/ml,(4 1 445?0 48)?g/(ml?h)and (3 8 981?0 54)?g/(ml?h),(4 7 908?0 42)?g/(ml?h) and (4 3 278?0 55)?g/(ml?h),and those of CF were (11 68?1 24)h and (10 83?1 01)h,(3 10?0 26)h and (1 95?0 16)h,(0 4 737?0 32)?g/ml and (0 6 163?0 42)?g/ml,(9 3 954?0 80)?g/(ml?h) and (8 5 223?0 76)?g/(ml?h),(10 1 336?0 87)?g/(ml?h) and (8 8 821?0 77)?g/(ml?h),respectively The relative bioavailability of BP versus CF was(112 40?0 06)% CONCLUSION:The results show that the benproperine sustained-release tablet and cofrel are bioequivalent

Aim To evaluate the bioequivalence of demestic brodimoprim capsules and imported hyprim tablets and provide experimental basis for clinical application. MethodsA single dosage of Brodimoprim or hyprim was given to 18 healthy volunteers in a randomized 2-way cross-over test and the brodimoprim concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC with β-naphtol as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability of the two preparations were calculated and their bioequivalence was evaluated. ResultsThe major pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparations were as follows respectively:t1/2(α) (2.1 + 1.0) and (1.9+± 0.9) h, t1/3(β)(43.2±4.8) and (42.4±4.3)h, Tpeak(3.4±1.6) and (3.1±1.5) h,Cmax(5.9+ 0.9) and (5.9±1.0)μg · ml-1, AUC0～132(360.2± 55.3) and (358.7±52.6) μg · h · ml-1, AUC0～∞ (423.8±56.0) and (422.5±51.1) μg · h · ml-1. The relative bioavailability(F) of brodimprim capsules was (99.7± 4.8)%。 Conclusion . The multi-factorial analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in AUC0- 132between the test and reference preparations (P＞ 0.05) . The bioequivalent assumption was proved by further two one-side t-test and (1～2 α) confidence interval analysis in individuals, periods and forms of these two preparations.

AIM: To determine the concentration of nisoldipine in human plasma by HPLC-MS method and investigate the pharmacokinetics of sustained and immediate-release preparations. METHODS: A C 18 column was used to separate nisoldipine from plasma with the mobile phase of a mixture of methanol-water-acetic acid (7525 0.1) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml?min -1. MS: atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization (AP-ESI) and ion mass spectral (m/z) of 411 were selected to quantify nisoldipine. Internal standard (IS): atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization and m/z of 441 for nimodipine. RESULTS: The linear range of the standard curve of nisoldipine was 0.2- 50 ?g?L -1 and the determination limit was 0.15 ?g?L -1. The recovery rate was more than 70%, and intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD were less than 10%. After being given a single dose of 10 mg nisoldipine sustained release tablet, sustained release capsule and normal tablet, the half life(t 1/2 /h) were 6.08? 1.48, 7.06? 1.80 and 3.70? 0.25, the time to peak concentration (T peak /h) were 5.4? 0.7, 5.8? 0.4 and 2.0? 0.2, the peak concentration (C max / ?g?L -1) were 3.43? 0.55, 3.71? 0.24 and 9.18? 3.78, the area under time- concentration curve (AUC 0-t / ?g?h -1?L -1) were 31.10? 5.00, 33.63? 7.16 and 32.72? 5.09. But after being given multiple doses of nisoldipine, C max/ ?g?L -1 were 5.20? 0.27, 3.91? 0.22 and 5.30? 1.04, C min / ?g?L -1 were 0.72? 0.10, 0.77? 0.07 and 0.53? 0.07, DF were 175.00%? 16.34%, 177.10%? 18.43% and 247.92%? 57.71% respectively. The bioavailability of sustained- release tablet and capsule were 96%?12% and 102%?9% respectively. CONCLUSION: The determination of concentration of nisoldipine in human plasma by HPLC-MS method is sensitive and accurate. It can be used for the investigation of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic of nisoldipine.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antimicrobials in hepatic disease inpatients. METHODS:In retrospective study,200 cases of hepatic disease in our hospital from Mar. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were randomly collected and utilization of antimicrobials was analyzed. RESULTS:136 inpatients treated with antimicrobials accounted for 68.00%. 76.47% were injected by intravenous. 35 cases were performed bacteria culture (25.74%). 7 categories (24 kinds) of antimicrobials were used. The DUI of top 10 antimicrobials in the list of DDD were below 1,which indicated drug use was basically appropriate. CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to application management of antimicrobials in patients with hepatic disease in our hospital to reduce irrational use of drug.

Objective:To explore the abortion effect and mechanism induced by Chinese herbal medicine rhubarb extract.Methods:The pregnant mice at day 3 of gestation were Drenched by Aqueous extract of rhubarb at different doses (7,5,2.5 g/kg)once per day for five days,and mices in control group were oral administration of same volume of saline.All mices at 12 day of gestation were sacrificed.estradiol and progesterone levels in serum were detected by Radioimmunoassay;Content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-αin uterine lysates were measured by ELISA, macrophages in endometrium were determined by immunohistochemical method, mast cells in endometrium were tested by Toluidine blue staining, respectively.Results: showed as follows:With increasing dose of rhubarb extract,abortion rate and resorption rate were gradually increased and was 100%abortion in 7g/kg treatment groups.Estrogen and progesterone content showed a downward trend,IFN-γ,IL-2 and TNF-αin uterine lysates and the numbers of macrophages and mast cells were significantly higher in mices Drenched by Aqueous extract of rhubarb than in the control.Conclusion: These results show that rhubarb extract not only interfere stability of pregnancy state in pregnant mices because of its diarrhea,but also can directly affect endometrial environment in early embryonic mice,Resulting in abortion.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between cold hyperalgesia and trafficking of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) to cell membrane in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-12 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were divided into sham operation group (S group,n=48) and NP group (n =48) using a random number table.NP was produced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve.The number of paw lifts on the cold plate and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured on 1 day before operation and 1,4,7,10 and 14 days after operation.Rats were sacrificed after behavioral testing,and ipsilateral DRGs of the lumbar segment (L46) were dissected tor detection of the expression of TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins by Western blot,and the ratio of TRPM8 expression in the membrane protein to that in the total protein (m/t ratio) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the number of paw lifts on the cold plate was significantly increased,the MWT was decreased,the expression of TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins was up-regulated,and m/t ratio was increased on postoperative days 4,7,10 and 14 in group NP (P＜0.05 or 0.01).In group NP,the number of paw lifts on the cold plate was gradually increased with the prolongation of time after operation and reached the peak on postoperative day 10,maintaining at the peak until postoperative day 14;the MWT was gradually decreased and reached the lowest level on postoperative day 10,maintaining at the lowest level until postoperative day 14;the expression of TRPM8 in total and membrane proteins and m/t ratio were gradually increased with the prolongation of time after operation and reached the peak on postoperative day 10,maintaining at the peak level until postoperative day 14 (P＜0.01).Conclusion The mechanism underlying the development of cold hyperalgesia is related to enhanced trafficking of TRPM8 to cell membrane in DRGs of rats with NP.

[Objective] To discuss the mechanism and relative problems of lumbar traction. [Method] Relevant articles and retrospect clinical data in the author's hospital were reviewed. Review relevant articles and retrospect clinical data of our hospital. [ Result ] Traction force : 40 kg + 15% ～ 20% of body weight, fineness rate reached 83.5% in 1606 patients being treated. According to course of disease, fineness rate was 90. 1% in the group of less than 3 years, 68.2% in the group of more than 3 years. [ Conclusion] Lumbosacral nerve root leave the peak of the protruding nucleus and establish a new harmonious "root-disc" relationship after traction. The pressure and tension to the nerve root reduces or disappears, meanwhile, the pain of low back and leg is alleviated or eradicated. Appropriate traction weight and correct traction body posture are key factors of good therapeutic effect.

AIM: To establish a sensitive HPLC method for determining the concentrations of paeonol in human plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS: A single oral dose of 160 mg paeonol capsules was given to 24 Chinese healthy volunteers. Paeonol was separated on a XB-C18 column with tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water-phosphonic acid (6∶60∶34∶0.1, V∶V) as mobile phase. The plasma concentrations of paeonol were determined and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and evaluated using DAS 2.0. RESULTS: The linear range of the paeonol was 10-500 ng/mL and the determination limit was 10 ng/mL. The main pharmacokinetic parameters, as Cmax, tmax, t1/2,AUC0-3, AUC0-∞ after a single dose of paeonol capsules were (116±46)ng/mL,(1.02±0.13) h,(1.03±0.35) h, (174±45) ng/mL, (217±56) ng/mL,respectively. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method for determining paeonol concentration in plasma is rapid, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.