Graphis yunnanensis is described here as a new species. It is taxonomically well characterized by entire labia, slit-like disc, lateral thalline margin, completely carbonized proper exciple, inspersed hymenium, 8-spored asci, muriform 25~45 x 8~12 microm ascospores, and the presence of norstictic and stictic acids. The separation of the new species from other somewhat similar Graphis species is discussed. In addition, the study includes Graphis tenoriensis and Phlyctis karnatakana reported for the first time from China.
Carbon ; China* ; Classification ; Lichens*

Aim To explore the molecular mechanism of luteolin against acute lung injury by network phar-macology and molecular docking technology,and to conduct experimental verification.Methods The re-lated targets of luteolin were predicted by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases.Acute lung in-jury-related targets were collected through the Gene-Cards database.Venny 2.1 was used to draw the Venn diagram,and the common targets of drug and disease were obtained.The protein interaction network(PPI)was established by String online platform,and the core targets were screened by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software.The functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Gene and Genome(KEGG)were per-formed on the common targets using the DAVID data-base,and the results were visualized.Finally,molecu-lar docking was performed by Auto Dock software,and the molecular results were visualized by Pymol.The mouse acute lung injury model was constructed.HE staining was used to detect histopathology,and Western blot was used to detect lung tissue related proteins.Results After screening,85 common targets were ob-tained.Among them,the core targets were AKT1,EG-FR,SRC,MMP9,ESR1,PTGS2,etc.GO enrichment analysis obtained 265 biological processes,including signal transduction,protein phosphorylation,and nega-tive regulation of apoptosis.There were 48 cells,main-ly including plasma membrane,cell solute,cytoplasm,etc.There are 107 molecular functions,mainly inclu-ding ATP binding,protein serine/threonine/tyrosine ki-nase activity,protein kinase activity and so on.A total of 92 signaling pathway were obtained by KEGG path-way enrichment analysis,which mainly acted on PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,etc.Molecular docking results showed that luteolin had good docking activity with core targets AKT1,EGFR,SRC,MMP9,ESR1,PTGS2,MMP2,GSK3 B,KDR and PARP1.The binding ener-gy of ERS1,GSK3B and MMP2 was lower than-5.0 kal·mol-1,and the affinity with luteolin was stronger.The pathological results of lung tissue showed that lute-olin could inhibit inflammatory infiltration and had a strong anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced acute lung injury model in mice.Western blot experiments showed that luteolin might alleviate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT.Conclusions Luteolin can play an anti-acute lung in-jury role through multi-target and multi-channel mecha-nisms,which may be closely related to the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation.

Opioid drugs are the first line of defense in severe pain but the adverse effects associated with opioids are considered as a serious issue worldwide. Acupuncture/electroacupuncture is a type of Chinese medicine therapy which is an effective analgesic therapy, well documented in animals and human studies. Electroacupuncture stimulation could release endogenous opioid peptides causing analgesia in a variety of pain models. It can be used as an alternative therapy to control the opioid crisis.

[摘 要] 目的：探究细胞焦亡相关基因GSDME在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其对肿瘤微环境（TME）和患者预后的影响。方法：从TCGA数据库获得548例鼻咽癌患者的基因表达数据及临床资料，运用R语言对GSDME进行差异表达分析、GO-KEGG富集分析；从人类蛋白质图谱（HPA）数据库中获取GSDME蛋白在鼻咽癌组织和相应癌旁组织中的表达数据，通过STRING数据库探究与GSDME相互作用的蛋白质网络；应用ssGSEA算法分析GSDME在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其与24种免疫细胞浸润的相关性，运用Spearman法分析GSDME与免疫检查点分子的相关性，通过TISIDB数据库分析GSDME表达与细胞因子基因表达的相关性。单因素和多因素COX回归分析筛选预后风险因素，基于风险因素GSDME绘制预后预测列线图和校准图，根据GSDME的表达水平对鼻咽癌患者进行生存分析和风险分析。qPCR法验证中国人鼻咽癌组织中GSDME及4种趋化因子mRNA的表达。结果：数据库数据分析显示，与癌旁组织相比，鼻咽癌组织中GSDME呈高表达（P<0.01），GO-KEGG富集分析显示GSDME参与免疫反应、细胞焦亡相关信号通路，GSDME表达与免疫细胞浸润、细胞因子及免疫检查点分子表达等相关，qPCR检查结果验证了中国人鼻咽癌组织中GSDME呈高表达。GSDME表达量、N分期和M分期是鼻咽癌患者预后的风险因素，基于风险因素建立的列线图和校正图能较好地预测鼻咽癌患者OS，鼻咽癌组织中GSDME高表达的患者预后差。结论：GSDME在鼻咽癌癌组织中呈高表达且是患者预后风险因素，基于GSDME建立的列线图预测预后效能良好；GSDME高表达与TME免疫浸润有关，其可能是免疫治疗的潜在靶点。