Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,nasal type is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in China.Many difficulties remain in its diagnosis and treatment.Correct diagnosis can be established according to the typical histology findings and immunology phenotypes with CD33（E）,EBER and/or CD56 positive.Prognostic factors should be assessed in the initiation of diagnosis.Ann Arbor staging classification has still being widely used and PET-CT scan is strongly recommended.Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy should been considered for early-stage patients and combined chemotherapy is the best choice for advanced stage patients.The regimens containing L-asparaginase should be considered firstly due to the evidences from many clinical trials.Stem cell transplantation is recommended to almost all patients except for IE stage patients without any unfavorable prognostic factor.New regimens should be investigated and assessed in the perspective randomized clinical trials.

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal commonly seen in the environment. Long-term exposure to low dose of cadmium has toxic effects on multiple systems and organs of human body. The kinetic model is a new technology to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between internal and external exposure of chemicals, which can provide reliable information for risk assessment. There are two kinetic models of cadmium: toxicokinetic model (TK) and physiologically-based toxicokinetic model (PBTK). They have played a role in the establishment of cadmium exposure limits and risk prediction. This article reviews the construction, development, and limitations of the two models, and looks forward to the direction in which the models can be further optimized, providing the reference for risk assessment of cadmium exposure in China.

AIM: To study the quality standard for Xingnaojing Injection (Moschus, Borneolum Syntheticum, Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Curcumae). METHODS: Two main components, muscone and bornel, were determined by HPLC and GC, respectively. RESULTS: The average recoveries were 98.3%( RSD was 0.41% , n=3 ) for muscone and 97.7%( RSD =0.54%, n=3 ) for borneol, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is available with a good reproducibility and can control the quality of this preparation effectively.

BACKGROUND:Polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate has excel ent optical properties and good hydrophilicity which has been widely applied in biological materials, such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses. In previous
experiments, artificial corneas made of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate subcutaneously implanted or implanted into normal rabbit cornea have showed good biocompatibility and tear resistance.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the histopathological results of the porous skirt of new type one-piece keratoprosthesis made of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate implanted to alkali burned rabbit corneas.
METHODS:New blood vessels and wal eyes formed in New Zealand rabbits at 3 months after alkali burned rabbit corneas. The porous discs of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate were inserted into the lamel ar pocket of
alkali-burned corneas and the corneas were observed clinical y, histological y and ultrastructural y at 2, 8, 16 and 28 weeks after implantation,.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histopathology suggested that mild inflammatory reaction and no calcification were seen in al specimens, fibroblasts and deposition of col agens were found in the pores of the dics at 2 weeks after implantation;stable connection with cornea was formed by the end of 16 weeks;the pores were almost completely fil ed with new tissue, the number of cel s decreased, and mature fibers were mainly found at 28 weeks. Scanning electron microscope showed new tissue grew into the pores which were closely connected with the corneas. Transmission electron microscope exhibited cytoplasm migrating into the material was rich in rough endoplasmic reticula, showing strong synthetic function, col agen, proteoglycans, and other extracel ular matrix deposition. These findings indicate that the porous skirt of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate implanted into the alkali burned rabbit corneas al owed corneal cel s migration, proliferation, secretion of the deposition of extracel ular matrix and the formation of new tissue to complete the stable connection with cornea, showing a better biocompatibility.

Objective: To investigate the factors related to the of disc displacement in temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods: The angles of disc anterior displacemen were measured on arthrography of temporomandibular joints in 90 patients with TMD, then the relationship between the angles and symptoms, signs, condyle positions, osteoarthrosis and mouth opening degree were analysed. Results: ①AOB angle in the patients with reducibility of anterior disk displacement(ADwR) was smaller than in those with non reducible anterior displacement (ADw/oR); ②Patients suffered from chronic ADw/oR had smaller degree of mouth opening and larger disc displacement than those with ADwR's. Conclusion: The disc anterior displacement and condyle displacement in glenoid fossa may be correlated with articular remodeling.Prolonging coursees may not always result in the changing of disc structures.

Objective:The stimulative effects of clonidine on release of enkephalin and substance P from periaqueductal gray was studied to analyse the analgesic neurotransmitters related to alpha 2 adrenoceptor activation. Method: Twenty SD rats were allocated in pairs to receiving intraperitoneal clonidine 40?g in clonidine group or normal saline in control group. Immunohistochemical technique was used to measure the contents of enkephalin and substance P in slice of rat midbrain. Result:The immunoreaction of enkephalin from slice of rat midbrain was decreased significantly in clonidine group compared with control group(P

Objective To study the expression and relationship between adrenomedullin (ADM )and integrinαvβ3 in different pathological grades ,clinical stages and histologic subtypes of human osteosarcoma .Methods The expression positiverate ,intensity , the average optical density (ALD) of ADM and integrinαvβ3 in 30 osteosarcomacases was detected with immunohistochemical SABC technique and image analysis system .Each pathological section observed by two pathologists respectively in the case of unknown clinical and pathological information .At least five representative high field of vision counting 100 cells observed at random ,in this way the degree of tumor grade ,stage and cell staining were determined by two pathologist who unknown clinical and pathological data .Results The positive rate and intensity of ADM and integrinαvβ3 were significantly increased with the increase of osteosarco-ma stage(P<0 .05) and the difference was significant in each stage(P<0 .05) .The expression of ADM was positive correlated with the expression of integrinαvβ3 .Conclusion The expression of ADM and integrinαvβ3 in different clinicopathological grades osteosar-coma are positive associated with malignant degree of tumor ,which suggest that both of them play an important role in malignant biological behaviors of human osteosarcoma .

Objective To identify the risk factors for progression of advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients who were cared by nephrologists in a specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Methods A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed.CKD patients of stage 3, 4 and 5 without renal replacement treatment were followed up regularly by nephrologists in this specific CKD management clinic.Patients with established atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS) and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and those who had not been followed-up for at least 12 months before Jun.30, 2010 were excluded.Clinical and laboratory data including blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, hemoglobulin (Hb), calcium phosphate product (Ca×P) and serum creatinine were consecutively collected.The treatment regimen was also recorded.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated with the formula modified for Chinese to evaluate the change of renal function.The progression of kidney disease was defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy, the annual decrease of eGFR＞4 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, and/or death associated with renal disease.Results A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the final analysis with 84 patients of CKD stage 3, 36 of CKD stage 4 and 18 of CKD stage 5, respectively.At the time of enrollment, patients had an average age of (56.5:±:16.7) years old with an average eGFR of (32.3±13.4) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.During a mean follow-up interval of (27.1±12.1) months, the patients were well-controlled with an average blood pressure of (126.5±12.4)/(76.4±7.9) mm Hg in 50.7％(70/138), less than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg, an average Hb of(123.8±17.1) g/L in 73.9％(102/138), above or equal to 110 g/L and an average Ca×P of (45.2±7.7) mg2/dl2 in 89.1％(123/138), less than or equal to 55 mg2/dl2.Sixty-two patients (44.9％) had progression of kidney disease. On univariate analysis, factors predicting progression were low eGFR at referral, high systolic pressure, low Hb level, high Ca×P and proteinuria during follow-up, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors treatment did not affect the progression.After the adjustment, multivariate analysis revealed proteinuria and low Hb level were independent factors for the progression of kidney disease.Conclusions The co-morbidities of advanced CKD patients can be managed efficiently in specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Control of proteinuria and correction of anemia may be beneficial to prevent the progression of advanced CKD.

Objective To observe the effect of fitting rigid gas permeable lenses(RGP) correcting ametropia of keratoconus.Methods 25 patients(43 eyes) with keratoconus fitted RGP,and patinets' visual acuity(VA),cornea condition,degree of comfort and complications were observed.Results All of 43 eyes were successfully to fit RGP at the first time with mean diopter-8.99±-5.55 DS,corrected vision of RGP was significantly better than(or equal to) spherical-cylindrical lens,and get better corrected vision and fewer and more mild complications.Conclusion RGP can get a better correcting vision to keratoconus than spherical-cylindrical lens,and is the good nonoperative treatment to correct ametropia of keratoconus.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,therapies and prognosis in patients with mucosa-assoeiated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in ocular adnexal marginal zone (OAML).Methods A retrospective analysis was made upon clinical data from 21 patients with OAML admitted into Beijing Tongren Hospital from June,2008 to December,2011.Results There were 12 (57.1 ％) men and 9(42.9％) women,with a median age of 57 (23-79) years old.Majority of patients had localized pathological changes.Among them,16 patients (76.2％) were in stage Ⅰ E,and 5 (23.8％) in stage Ⅳ E.Surgical resection as the sole treatment was performed in 13 patients (61.9％),and positron emission tomography CT(PET-CT) imaging demonstrated normal fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake after surgical resection,who were managed with no further therapy.All the 13 patients were followed up for median 14 (5-38) months,and all in complete remission.Combination chemotherapy was given to 8(38.1％) patients.Three patients in stage Ⅰ E treated with COP (cyclophosphamide,vineristine and prednisone) or CHOP (cyclophosphamide,adriamycin,vincristine and prednisone) were all in partial remission.Five patients in stage ⅣE were treated with COP/CHOP in combination with rituximab,and all in complete remission.The 3-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate in the total patients were 100.0％ and 74.9％ respectively.Conclusions The patients with OAML generally have localized disease,show indolent clinical course,and present low lymphoma-related mortality.Surgical resection is a very important treatment in the patients with local disease.Systemic chemotherapy should be considered in patients at advanced stages.Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy can improve the remission rate.