BACKGROUND: The relation of epilepsy to immunity has been investigated at cellular and molecular levels in recent years, and the results show many immunological changes in epileptic patients such as immunocytes,immune molecules and immune functions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunologic pathogenesis of epilepsy and expression of MHC- Ⅰ, MHC- Ⅱ and C3b receptor of microglia. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled trial. SETTING: Medical College of Dalian University; University of Sanchong,Japan.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Immunology Laboratory of Jilin Beihua University from 2001 to 2002. Forty adult Wistar rats were randomized into model group and control group with 20 in each group.METHODS: 12 mg/kg kainic acid was administered subcutaneously into rats in model group, while no intervention was given to rats in control group. Seizure was observed within 6 hours following kainic acid administration. Rats were killed 3 days after medication. Neuronal degeneration was observed with crystal violet staining and the expression of MHC molecules and C3b receptor in the hippocampus of epileptogenic rats was observed immunnhistochemically.administration, spasm occurred within 3 hours after kainic acid administration and continued from the first stage to the fifth stage. More severe served in cone-like cell layer of hippocampus of rats in model group, but molecule, MHC- Ⅱ molecule and C3b receptor was (201.6±6.43), (493.8±7.92) and (362.5±3.18) cells per visual field respectively in the hippocampus of epileptogenic rats inmodel group, but no obvious expression was observed in control group. The differences were significant between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).pocampal sclerosis, immunological inflammation is observed combined with the complement system, which indicates immunologic inflammatory mechanism of epilepsy.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that erythropoietin can protect neurons and promote nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effect of erythropoietin gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation via caudal vein on rat cerebral infarction. METHODS:Western blot assay was used to identify the expression of exogenous erythropoietin in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established in Wistar rats using thread method. And then, model rats were randomly divided into model group (PBS injection via the caudal vein), transplantation group (transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension), erythropoietin group (transplantation of erythropoietin-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsuspension). Neurologic function was assessed at 3 days, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after celltransplantation. Four weeks after transplantation, the rats were decapitated after anesthesia to take brain tissues for RT-PCR detection of Bcl-2/Bax gene expression. cellapoptosis was measured by TUNEL. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorescence microscopy were employed to observe the survival and distribution of PKH26-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed that erythropoietin-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could express the erythropoietin in vitro. At 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation, the neurological defect scores in the transplantation group and erythropoietin group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of bcl-2 gene in the infarct region was significantly higher in the erythropoietin group than the transplantation and model groups (P<0.05), but the expression of bax was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the erythropoietin group, the number of apoptotic cells was reduced, and the number of PKH26 positive cells was increased as compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the transplantation of erythropoietin-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via caudal vein can significantly improve the neurological function in the rats with cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of scopolamine butylbromide in the adjuvant treatment of gastric ul-cer. METHODS:The data of 160 patients with gastric ulcer were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into tradition group and combination group. Tradition group was orally treated with acid suppression,hemostasis and other conventional treatment. Based on the treatment of tradition group,combination group was treated with Scopolamine butylbromide for injection 20 mg by in-tramuscular injection,once a day,for continuous 7 d,continue conventional treatment after 7 d. The treatment course was 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy,different complete relief patients with abdominal pain in different time,and the recurrence rate after 1 year in 2 groups were observed,and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS:The total effective rate in combination group was significantly higher than tradition group,recurrence rate was significantly lower than tradition group,different complete relief patients with abdominal pain in different time were significantly better than tradition group,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conven-tional treatment,scopolamine butylbromide can be used in the adjuvant treatment of gastric ulcer. It can obviously shorten the time of abdominal pain in patients with gastric ulcer and reduce the recurrence rate,with good safety.

Brown and white adipocytes have different metabolism characteristics.White adipocytes promote the formation and development of atherosclerosis.However, brown adipocytes contribute to the control of atherosclerosis.Brown and white adipocyte phe-notypes can transform mutually.This article will elaborate the pathogenesis of the transformation between brown/white adipocyte pheno-types regulated by transcription factors(such as PPARγ, PRDM16, PGC-1α), co-regulators, hormones, proteins, signal molecules, oxidative stress and miRNAs.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the anesthetic effect and safety of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and propofol in pain-less colonoscopy. METHODS:80 patients who underwent painless colonoscopy was retrospectively analyzed and divided into group A and group B. Group A was given loading dose of 1 mg/kg propofol within 30 s and maintained with 6 mg/(kg·h);group B was given loading dose of 0.3 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection by micropump for slow pumping 5 min and maintained with 0.2-0.3 μg/(kg·h). Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),oxygen saturation(SpO2)and respiratory rate(RR)be-fore examination (T0),before microscopic examination (T1),1 min (T2) and 10 min(T3) after microscopic examination,1 min (T4)and 5 min(T5)after colonoscopy withdrawal,onset time of anesthesia,entry time,examination time and discharge time,pa-tients with adjunctive use of fentanyl and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:MAP in group A at T1 was significantly lower than T0,HR in 2 groups at T1-T3 was significantly lower than T0,the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05),however,there were no significant differences in the SpO2 and RR between 2 groups(P>0.05). Onset time of an-esthesia,patients with adjunctive use of fentanyl and incidence of adverse reactions in group B were significantly lower than group B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both dexmedetomidine hydrochloride and propofol has good anesthetic effect in painless colonoscopy,but dexmedetomidine has better safety.

BACKGROUND: The recent researches show that there are various kinds of autoantibodies in epilepsy patients such as anti-nuclear antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies,anti-?2 glucoprotein antibodies and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies,which indicate that some types of epilepsy are mediated by autoimmune mechanism.OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of anti-glutamic acid receptor (GluR1)antibody in epilepsy children.DESIGN: A controlled trial.SETTING: Medical College of Dalian University, General Hospital of Jilin Chemistry Group and Sanchong University, Japan.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 56 cases of epilepsy children were from Maternal and Child Health in Qingdao City including 30 males and 26 females and aged from 3 months to 13 years.While 48 health examinees and 12 patients with brain tumor from General Hospital of Jilin Chemistry Group were taken as controls, including 38 males and 12 females and aged from 6months to 17 years.Their guardians were all informed of the detection index and consented to join the study.METHODS: Polystyrene plates were coated with GluR1 polypeptide antigen,and optimal conditions of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for GluRI antibody was ascertained with chessboard titration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The GluR1 antibody level was detected with ELISA.RESULTS:The concentration of coating GluR1 polypeptide antigen was20 mg/L; The dilution of serum and horseradish peroxidase sheep anti-hu-man (HRP-SaH) IgG were 1:50 and 1:1 500 respectively. Intra-assay andinter-assay coefficientof variability were 4.48％-8.80％ and 11.18％-16.60％ respectively; The specific absorption test demonstrated that the ab-sorbance value of positive serum decreased 2.4 times after absorption ofGluR1 polypeptide compared with that before absorption.There was obvi-ous higher positive rate of GluR1 antibody in serum of epilepsy childrenthan control group (40％, 5％, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:①ELISA is specific and stable for GluR1 antibody in serum. ②There is the possible autoimmune response of GluR1 antibody in serum of epilepsy children.

ObjectiveTo explore the surgical techniques, efficacy and the management of complicated ocular trauma with anterior-posterior segment complications such as cyclodialysis. Methods Fifty-five patients (55 eyes) with complicated ocular trauma were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 35 cases with eyeball contusion and 20 cases of eyeball rupture. Preoperative visual acuity was from no light perception to 0. 15, intraocular pressure (IOP) ranged from one to 10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa).Cyclodialysis, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment were revealed by B-ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Cyclodialysis clefts ranged from one to 12 clock-hours. All patients underwent 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with gas/silicone oil tamponade and ciliary body reattachment by cryotherapy (cyclodialysis clefts ≤ three clock-hours) or suture fixation ( cyclodialysis clefts ＞ three clock-hours).Healing after surgical trauma, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intraocular hemorrhage, ciliary body and retinal reattachment were followed up. Results In one month after surgery, UBM showed 54 patients out of 55 patients had good ciliary body reattachment. Gonioscopy revealed cyclodialysis still existed in one patient, and this was cured by a second surgical suture fixation. In three months after surgery, ocular trauma healed in all 55 patients, the visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 0. 15, with a best corrected visual acuity of 0.8. The ciliary body and retina had good reattachment. IOP of 52 patients was normal; IOP of three patients was still lower than 10 mm Hg. Three patients had secondary glaucoma which was treated by glaucoma surgery. Conclusions Complicated ocular trauma with cyclodialysis can be treated with vitrectomy and cryotherapy or transscleral sutures. The procedure is safe and effective.

Objective To know the current status of the benzene series pollution in the indoor air in newly decorated houses in Beijing and analyze its dynamic changes in order to find the changes rule of benzene series level. Methods 54 houses were randomly chosen in Beijing to monitor their benzene series levels during Apr.-Oct.,2005. Results The monthly average concentrations of benzene series in six months after decoration changed obviously while the temperature and time changed. Conclusion The benzene series level in the indoor air after decoration is affected by temperature mainly. Residents should open the windows for 3 months at least in order to avoid benzene series pollution.

0.05), yet it correlated with RE incidence (P2.6 ,high risk ),obesity( OR=1.7～ 2.5,moderate risk ),over ingestion and intake of coffee and sweets ( OR=1.2～ 1.6,low risk ). Conclusion RE is frequently seen in adult population around Xi’ an area with a variety of risk factors.