Objective To determine and compare the complete sequence of COII gene from Anopheles sinensis, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus and to identify the molecular homology among these mosquitoes. Methods The recombinant plasmids including COII gene from the three species of mosquitoes were obtained by the T A cloning technique,and the COII genes were sequenced and analyzed. Results The homology of the COII gene nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of COII among the three species of mosquitoes varied from 84.1% to 87.9% and from 85.1% to 89.5%, respectively. The C+G content of COII gene was 23.2%-24.9%, the frequency of transversion higher than that of transition. Conclusion Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus are closely related species at their COII molecular level according to COII gene.

Objective To find an internal quality controlling method for 17-OHP determination by time-resolved fluoroimmuno-assay .Methods 20 quality control data were collected .The data were analyzed by using L-J method ,instant method and improved instant method .Results were used for the construction of quality control charts .Result The first three quality control data had a great impact on the following judgments of internal quality controlling when instant method was used .The subsequent results might be false acceptance .Improved instant method could effectively reduce the situations of false run-away and false acceptance ,which was suitable for the internal quality control of 17-OHP determination by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in newborn screening . Conclusion There are many steps of manual operations in 17-OHP determination of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay .The details of these operations have great impacts on the experimental results .Thus ,the operations of 17-OHP test should be specified and exe-cuted strictly according to requirement .

Objective:To investigate the correlation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( IL-1ra) genotype and chronic periodontitis in diabetes patients. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples of 186 patients with diabetes, of which 108 patients with chronic periodontitis, another 78 patients without chronic periodontitis. Individuals A2 Genotypes of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR was analyzed by SSP-PCR method. Then compared the differences in distribution of each genotype A2. Results:A significant over-representation of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele A2 was found in chronic periodontitis of diabetes mellitus group(?2=3.579,P=0.040). Conclusion:IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele A2 may be a risk indicator for the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the changes of Bcl-xl levels and activities in hippocampus resulting from sleep deprivation, and then to reveal the mechanism for rapid antidepressant aroused by sleep deprivation.Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, chrinic stress group, sleep deprivation group and tank contral group.10 rats in each group.The depression animal model was established by chronic mild unpredictable stress(CUMS) methods.Sleep deprivation was preformed by the modified multiple platform method ( MMPM ).The animal model and the effect of antidepressant were evaluated by the open field test.The expression levels of Bcl-xl were separately observed by immunohistochemical technology in hippocampus CA1 ,CA3 and DG.Results 1.Compared with the normal control rats, ambulation ( 35.30 ± 18.77,81.30 ± 18.41, P ＜ 0.01 ) and rearing (20.50 ±4.84,27.70 ± 8.19, P＜0.05 ) increased ,and the stopping time in the center decreased (4.60 ± 1.35,2.20 ± 1.55, P ＜ 0.01 ) in the CUMS depressant animal model.2.The Bcl-xl average values of optical density (OD) in hippocampus CA1 ,CA3 ,DG of the model group was lower than that of the normal control group significantly (0.1356 ±0.0224,0.1389 ±0.0250,0.1457 ±0.0162;0.1725 ±0.0327,0.1734 ±0.0261,0.1768 ±0.0271; P＜0.01 ) ,and that of the sleep deprivation group was higher than that of the model group (0.1621 ± 0.0128,0.1603 ± 0.0137,0.1625 ± 0.0192 ;0.1356 ± 0.0224,0.1389 ± 0.0250,0.1457 ± 0.0162; P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Rats showed depressive behaviors after 21 days stresses,while 72 hours sleep deprivation could reverse this effect.The up regulation of the expression and phosphorylation of Bcl-xl by sleep deprivation may participate in the antidepressant-like effect of sleep deprivation.

Objective To find out about the intention of medical workers with regard to reward for personal services and explore the value of their labor. Methods An intention survey through questionnaires was conducted by means of random sampling among 1 424 medical workers from 6 hospitals in Shanghai with regard to reward for personal services and a model of expected income was obtained via multivariate stepwise regression analysis. Results Only 2.9% of the medical workers felt satisfied with their current total income. Such factors as professional titles, educational backgrounds, working years, and specialties all exerted some impact on the medical workers expected income. The expected income was several times that of the actual income, and there was a large difference between the expected incomes of people at different levels. Conclusion Reward to medical workers for personal services in China needs to be enhanced and reform of the distribution system should keep step with the reform of the personnel system.

Objective:To determine the antioxidization and antiproliferation of extract from leaves of Toona sinensis (LTS).Methods:The total phenolic extract of LTS was obtained by solvent and polyamide resin to determine the content.The antioxidization of the LTS extract was measured by TOSC assay.Antiproliferation was studied in vitro with different human cancer cells.Results:The total phenolic content in the LTS was (427.53±4.31) mg/g and antioxidization was 807.64 μmoL vitamin C equivalents/g in the sample.The extract significantly inhibited the colon cancer cell Caco-2,human liver cancer cell HepG2 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation with EC50 (4.00±0.39),(153.16±13.49) and (193.46±14.68) μg/mL,respectively.The bioactivity index (BI) of the LTS extract was nearly 283.Caco-2 was more sensitive than MCF-7 and HepG2.Conclusion:Extract from LTS has anticancer properties useful for preventing chronic diseases.

Objective To study the profiles of decompression sickness(DCS) in various kinds of animals and to find out the target organ of decompression sickness by providing a basic experimental method for establishing animal models.Method Eleven kinds of animals were exposed to different pressures for different times at different compression/decompression rates.They were monitored at the precordial regions with Doppler flow meter for bubble sounds after decompression to normal pressure,to obtain a record about the developing course of the DCS.Pathological examinations of the bulbar conjunctiva were also made. Result Bubble sound of grade IV were recorded at the precordial regions after decompression.Among them,75%~100% incurred DCS with a diverse extent. Animals developed DCS showed vascular spasm,dysfunction and endothelial tumefaction.Conclusion Each of the 11 kinds of animals can serve as a model of DCS and the processes of development of DCS in various animals are similar.Blood vessels are the target organs of decompression sickness.

Objective To explore whether hydrochloride penehyclidine can inhibit rat pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline and prevent or relieve the remodeling of pulmonary vascular.Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats (aged 3-4 weeks,weighing 90-100 g)were randomly divided into normal control group (group C),monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension group (group M)and hydrochloride penehyclidine treatment group (group P,n = 10 each).Rat pulmonary hyper-tension model was established by abdominally injecting 60 mg/kg monocrotaline all at once;The con-trol group was abdominally injected equal volume of normal saline all at once;the treatment group P 2 mg/kg hydrochloric penehyclidine 1 5 minutes before model building 1 mg/kg hydrochloric penehyclid-ine two days after model building;while the other two groups received equal volume of normal saline as placebo at the same time of medicine injecting,which lasted consecutively for 3 weeks.21 days af-ter model building,the haemodynamics (pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure) test was performed for all groups;Venous blood was sampled for blood biochemical tests (using ELISA method to test the content of NO and ET-1 )before executing the rats.The left lung tissue was sliced to observe the pathological morphological changes of lung tissues.The right lung tissue was cryopreserved for other tests.Results Compared with the normal control group,the pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure of monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension group notably enhanced (P <0.05);The pulmonary arterioles strongly thickened;The lumen of pulmonary arteri-oles became narrow and even blocked;The inflammatory cells of lung tissues apparently infiltrated. When compared with the monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension group, the pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular pressure of the hydrochloride penehyclidine treatment group greatly lowered (P <0.05);Both the thickening degree of pulmonary arterioles walls and the infiltrating de-gree of inflammation cells of lung tissues lessened.When compared with the normal control group, the NO content of other groups significantly lowered and the ET-1 content apparently increased;When compared with the monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension group,the NO content of hydrochlo-ride penehyclidine treatment group was higher and the ET-1 content was lower.The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The rat pulmonary hypertension model has been suc-cessfully built with the help of monocrotaline.The reducing of NO content and increasing of ET-1 was relevant to the formation of rat pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline;The fact that hy-drochloric penehyclidine lowered the pulmonary artery pressure of rat pulmonary hypertension model and improved the thickening degree of pulmonary arterioles walls might involve the increasing of NO cotent and reducing of ET-1 content.

Objective To evaluate the effect of alprostadil on acute lung injury in septic rats. Methods Thirty adult male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), acute lung injury group ( group ALI) , and alprostadil group ( group Q) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% pentobarbital sodium 5 ml∕100 g. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. In group Q, al?prostadil ( 10 μg∕2 ml) 2 ml∕kg was injected via the tail vein at 30 min before cecal ligation and puncture. The equal volume of normal saline was given in S and ALI groups. At 24 h after operation, blood samples were taken for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor?alpha ( TNF?α) and interleukin?6 ( IL?6) con?centrations by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The animals were then sacrificed. The left lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination, and the right lungs were immediately removed for deter?mination of wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio ) , and expression of TNF?α mRNA and high mobility group box?1 ( HMGB1) using real?time reverse transcriptase?polymerase chain reaction. Results Com?pared with group S, the concentrations of serum TNF?α and IL?6 were significantly increased, and the ex?pression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was up?regulated, and W∕D ratio was increased in ALI and Q groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group ALI, the concentrations of serum TNF?αand IL?6 were signifi? cantly decreased, and the expression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was down?regulated, and W∕D ratio was decreased in group Q ( P<0?05) . The pathological changes of left lungs were significantly attenua?ted in group Q as compared with group ALI. Conclusion Alprostadil can reduce acute lung injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to down?regulation of HMGB1 expression and inhibition of inflam?matory responses.