OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative bioavailability of two products(CLMC 1 ,CLMC 2 )of Clarithromycin in man.METHODS:A single oral500mg dose of CLMC 1 or CLMC 2 was given to20healthy male volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.The plasma concentrations of CLMC 1 and CLMC 2 were measured by microbial assay.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97pharmacokinetic program and the bioequivalence was evaluated.RESULTS:The con?centration-time curves of CLMC 1 and CLMC 2 fitted to a two-compartent open model.C max were(2.23?0.83)?g/ml and(2.14?0.70)?g/ml;T max were(1.95?0.39)h,(1.78?0.41)h;AUC (0～T) were(9.50?2.52)(?g?h)/ml,(9.35?2.54)(?g?h)/ml respectively.The relative bioavailability of CLMC 1 was(101.60?9.35)%.CONCLUSION:The results of two and one-side t tests suggest that the CLMC 1 is bioequivalent with the CLMC 2 .

In order to solve some problems which we are confronted with in new period during the course of practical teaching in surgery,we carried out some teaching reforms and explorations,such as stimulating study interests,reforming teaching process,strengthening practical ability,persisting after-school training and so on,which have got good results and laid a firm foundation for cultivating medical talents with practical competence.

Objective The association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection and allergic diseases was controversial.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H.pylori infection and allergic diseases.Methods A questionnaire survey regarding the general health condition and allergic diseases was carried out in patients who had taken gastroscopy at People's Hospital of Peking University from September 2015 to April 2016.H.pylori infection was detected by the H.pylori antibody,rapid urease test and gastric mucosa pathology.Results There were 1 034 patients were enrolled in this study.The rate of H.pylori infection was 20.5%(212/1 034).The frequencies of contact dermatitis,urticaria,food/drug allergy,allergic rhinitis,bronchial asthma were 6.9%(71/1 034),15.5%(160/1 034),18.0%(186/1 034),20.8%(215/1 034) and 3.4%(35/1 034),respectively.The rate of the food/drug allergy was significantly lower in the H.pylori-positive group than in the H.pylori-negative group(11.8 %(25/212) vs.19.6%(161/822),χ2=6.940,P=0.008).The risk of food/drug allergy in H.pylori-positive group was 0.611(95% CI:0.386-0.966,P=0.035) in the multivariate analysis.When the patients were divided into age-dependent groups,the rate of the food/drug allergy was significantly lower in the H.pylori-positive group than in the H.pylori-negative group(10.9 %(11/101) vs.20.6%(101/490),χ2=5.152,P=0.023) in those patients ≥50 years old.There were not statistically significant differences on contact dermatitis,urticaria,eczema,asthma and allergic rhinitis between helicobacter pylori positive group and negative group(P>0.05).Conclusion H.pylori infection may be a protective factor in food/drug allergy and the protective effect enhanced by infection time.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of intravascular intervention for treating the severe stenosis of bilateral renal arteries (BRASS).Methods A total of 40 patients with BRASS admitted in Fuwai Hospital from September 2008 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients,23 males and 17 females,aged from 21 to 76 years with average age of (59.75 ± 17.59) years,with luminal narrowing over 70％ in bilateral renal arteries,met the criteria of BRASS evidenced by angiography of renal arteries,and were subjected to renal artery interventional therapy. The etiological factors included arteriosclerosis (34 cases),Takayasu arteritis (3 cases) and congenital fibromuscular dysplasia (3 cases).After percutaneous endovascular intervention,the therapeutic effects were evaluated by lowering the systemic blood pressure and serum creatinine level in 12-month follow-up in average after operation. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software.ResultsAmong the 80 reual arteries in 40 patients,18 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA),while the other 62 arteries were treated with percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting (PTRAS).Mter endovascular intervention,the mean systolic blood pressure decreased from ( 165.0 ± 27.0) mm Hg to ( 135.7 ± 25.3 ) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from ( 88.9 ±15.1 ) mm Hg to (74.8 ± 13.2) mm Hg on the second day after operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Accordingly,the kinds of anti-hypertension drug used decreased from ( 3.1 ± 0.9 ) to ( 2.3 ± 1.2) ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Only one patient died suddenly 3 months after intervention,and one died of acute myocardial infarction 7 months after operation.The other 38 patients were followed up for 12 months.At last,the mean systolic blood pressure of patients decreased from ( 165.0 ±27.0) mm Hg to ( 133.53 ± 15.94) mm Hg and the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from (88.9 ± 15.1 ) mm Hg to (77.37 ± 13.47 )mm Hg. Of all 38 patients,2 were cured (5.3％),27 were improved (71.1％) and 9 failed to treatment (23.7％).Of all 38 patients,76.4％ got hypertension lowered.Moreover,renal function (Scr) was improved in 2 patients (6.3％ ),steady in 21 patients ( 65.6％ ),declined in 9 patients ( 28.1％ ) resulted in azotemia stage.Of 38 patients,71.9％ patients got overall benefit from endovascular intervention in respect of renal function improved.Conclusions The procedure of PTBA or PTRAS offered a minimally invasive,relatively safe and effective technique for BRASS patients to decrease blood pressure and stabilize renal function.

ObjectiveTo study the significance of the non-invasive hemodynamic monitor system in the differential diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) combined with pulmonary edema. Methods Twenty-nine cases of SAP during fluid resuscitation treatment combined with pulmonary edema were reviewed and the data of the non-invasive hemodynamic monitor system was analysed and summarized.According to the diagnosis on discharge, 18 patients were enrolled in test group (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema group) and 11 patients were enrolled in control group(cardiogenic pulmonary edema group). The data of two groups were determined and compared. ResultsIn control group, cardiac output[(3.34±1.09) L/min], cardiac index [(2.06 ± 0.46) L/ (min·m2)], stroke volume [(41.89 ± 13.72) ml], stroke index[(25.59 ± 7.32) ml/m2], accelerate cardiac index [(59.24 ± 28.41) L/100 s2], left cardiac work index [(2.09 ± 0.67) (kg·m)/m2], left ventricular ejection time[(254.32 ± 27.34) ms], ejection fraction (0.37 ±0.03) and velocity index [(27.11 ± 11.32) L/100 s] were all significantly lower than those in test group [(4.12 ± 1.06) L/min, (2.64 ± 0.48) L/ (min·m2), (46.21 ± 11.81) ml, (28.87 ± 5.32) ml/m2, (79.43 ±29.01) L/100 s2, (3.21 ± 0.84)(kg·m)/m2, (281.29 ± 29.11) ms,0.54 ±0.04, (39.34 ± 12.11) L/100 s,respectively] (P < 0.01); pre-ejectionphase [(116.54 ± 22.37) ms] and systolic time ratio (0.48 ± 0.04) were significantly higher than those in test group[(95.24 ± 21.41) ms,0.36 ± 0.02,respectively] (P < 0.01 or <0.05). ConclusionNon-invasive hemodynamic monitor system is helpful in the early differential diagnosis of SAP combined with pulmonary edema.

Objective To investigate the effect of tramadol on the expression of 5-HT1A receptor in the distal'cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSF-CNs) in mid-brain in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Forty male SPF SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group Ⅰ normal control (group C); group Ⅱ normal saline (group NS); group Ⅲ tramodol (group T); group Ⅳ neuropathic pain + normal saline (group NP+ NS) and group Ⅴ neuropathic pain + tramadol (group NP + T). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ . Four silk ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals. In group Ⅱ (NS) and group Ⅲ (T) the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated and NS 2 ml/kg and tramadol 10 mg/kg were injected IP respectively, while in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ NS 2 ml/kg and tramadol 10 mg/kg were injected IP respectively on the 7th day after CCI. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey filament stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to noxious thermal stimuli were measured before (T1) and after IP NS or tramadol injection (T2) in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ. The distal CSF-CNs in the mid-brain was labelled with 30% cholera toxin subunit B and horseradish peroxidase compound (CB-HRP) 3 μl injected in left lateral cerebral ventricle. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors was measured by immuno-histochemistry. Results PWT and PWL were significantly decreased after CCI in group Ⅳ (NP + NS) and tramadol significantly inhibited the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in group Ⅴ (NP + T). There was no significant difference in the number of distal CSF-CNs among the 5 groups. CCI significantly down-regulated the expression of 5-HT1A in distal CSF-CNs in group Ⅳ(NP+ NS) as compared with group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ and tramadol significantly inhibited the CCI-induced downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor expression. Conclusion Tramadol can ease neuropathic pain by down-regulating the expression of 5-HT1A receptor in distal CSF-CNs in mid-brain.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment Methods of severe com?plications after percutaneous tracheotomy( PDT) in neurosurgery patients,and to provide reference for the treat?ment and rescue of these patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of 578 cases after PDT was performed in Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit ( NSICU ) of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2005 to 2015. The types of complications,treatment method and prognosis were analyzed. Follow?up was 3 months to 1 year. Results Eighteen cases with severe complications,including bleeding,wound infection,asphyxia caused by tracheal mucosa suffocation,airway stenosis caused by granulation tissue,subcutaneous emphysema and neu?momediastinum,etc. After treatment and active rescue,most patients recovered,no patients die directly associated with surgery. Conclusion PDT plays an important role in the treatment of patients in NSICU,but it is still pos?sible to have serious complications,so physicians must understand and be prepared for complications,and pay more attention to prevent poor prognosis.

Objective To detect the effect of osthole on proliferation and apoptosis of HL-60 cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods HL-60 cells proliferation was measured through the CCK8 assay method.The cell morphological changes were observed by Hoechst33342 staining after 8 h of drug effect.Induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy.Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR,and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9,Fas and FasL were evaluated by using western bolt assay.Results Osthole could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells,the maximum inhibiting rate was (90.7 ±4.5)％,F =138.46,P =0.000; the apoptosis rate was 33.6％,F =27.75,P =0.006.The changes of apoptosis of cells and nucleus were shown in cell morphological observation.Osthole affected the decrease of the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and the increase of the Bax mRNA levels via a dosedependent manner(F =210.12,P =0.000).Western blotting demonstrated that osthole could lead to the increase of the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9,Fas and FasL in the HL-60 cell line via a time-dependent manner.Conclusion Data suggests that osthole inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells through mitochondria-dependent pathway and death-receptor pathway.

Objective To establish a rapid method for the isolation of murine peritoneal macrophages. Methods Abdominal lavage was performed with NS and the peritoneal macrophages was purified from the lavage,which was later transferred into high glucose DMEM cul-ture medium. Cell viability was measured via the typan blue staining. Purity was observed via Wright's stain. Results High purity macropha-ges with typical morphology were obtained. Conclusion A simple and realistic method was set up for the isolation of murine peritoneal mac-rophages.

OBJECTIVETo construct microRNA-223 overexpression and suppression lentivirus vectors and determine their effects after infecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

METHODSLentivirus vectors GV229 and GV232 were cut by the restriction sites of Age I and EcoR I and connected to the target gene, which contained mature microRNA-223 and microRNA-223 oligonucleotide. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the microRNA-223 expression level after infecting the recombinant lentivirus vector into the OSCC cell line.

RESULTSThe successful construction of microRNA-223 recombinant lentivirus vectors was confirmed by the PCR method and DNA sequencing. HN-30 cell infected with microRNA-223 overexpression vector showed a significant increased in microRNA-223 expression, whereas HN-30 cell infected with microRNA-223 inhibitor vector suppressed microRNA-223 expression.

CONCLUSIONThe microRNA-223 overexpression and suppression lentivirus vectors are successfully constructed. These vectors could alter the expression level of microRNA-223 in OSCC cell line significantly, and provide a stable cell line for functional studies in the future.