Objective:To investigate the capability of corneal cells to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and the expression of costimulatory molecules on primary human corneal epithelial cells.Methods:Human corneal epithelial cells were cocultivated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC). Expression of HLA class Ⅱ antigens, CD40, CD154, CD80 and CD86 was measured by immunohistochemical staining,and the expression of such molecules above on rejected corneal grafts was contrastingly assessed. Activation of lymphocytes was determined by measuring upregulation of CD69 by FACS analysis.Results:HLAⅡ expression was detectable on human primary corneal epithelial cells,and furthermore, upregualtion of costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80 were also found after induction with ?-interferon. Both of HLA and CD40 were expressed on rejected corneal grafts. T lymphocytes were activated by epithelial cells in the coculture system.Conclusion:Human corneal epithelial cells are involved in rejection process of the corneal transplantation. The immunological reaction is triggered by epithelial cells,and endothelial cells suffer as the targets.

Objective To construct the clone vector of S gene in occult hepatitis B virus infection.To analyse its mutations and to construct its prokaryotic expression vector.Methods To amplify the HBV S gene with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),recombinate the S gene and vector PUC18,sub-clone the recombination and construct its prokaryotic expression vector with pThiohis B. Results There were two samples negative with positive HBV DNA from 64 samples with negative hepatitis B surface antigen.The clone vector and prokaryotic fusion protein expression vector of an occult HBV infection′s S gene were successfully constructed.The S gene was not changed by sequencing analysis.Conclusion The fluorescence quantitive polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) can examine low-copies in occult hepatitis B virus infection.Determining quantitivly HBV DNA of recombination can identify the recombination and display multiplication state intuitirely.It is very successful in constructing the clone vector and prokaryotic fusion protein expression vector.

Objective To investigate the expression of Human leucocyte antigen(HLA)-DP,-DQ,-DR and CD40 in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells,to determine their molecule expression in immune response process,and their abilities to stimulate T lymphocyte activation. Methods Human RPE cells were cultured with or without(-IFN respectively.Expression of HLA-DP,-DQ,-DR and CD40 was measured by immunohistochemical staining.Meanwhile,peripheral blood mononuelear cells(PBMC)were co-cultured with RPE cells in vitro,and then the expression of activated lymphocytes CD69 was measured by fluorescence activated eell sorter(FACS). Results Expression of HLA-DP,-DQ,-DR and CD40 antigen were enhanced by γ-interferon inducement.Increasing amount of CD69 positive Iymphocytes were found in the co-culture system of RPE cells and PBMC. Conclusion T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were activated by human RPE cells which is antigen presenting cells with immunological characteristics potential.

Objective:To explore the role of hypoxia in C_2C_(12) cells proliferation.Methods:We chose 10% oxygen concentration.Cell numbers were counted with a hemacytometer.The proliferous indexes were observed with a flow cytometer.HIF-1? protein was determined by Western blot,mRNA expression was determined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:The cell numbers and proliferous indexes were higher(P

Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) is a kind of special interstitial cell in the gastrointestinal tract,which has close connection with the smooth muscle cells and neuron cells.It is involved in gastrointestinal motility and nerve signal transduction and is considered as the pacemaker cell of slow wave of gastrointestinal tract.ICC which exists in the non-gastrointestinal organs such as biliary tract,urethra,bladder and so on is named interstitial Cajal-like cell (ICLC).This article will review the progress in the research of ICLC in the biliary system in terms of their morphology,identification,classification,function,distribution and related biliary diseases.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Methods A total of 26 patients with pathologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of tongue were enrolled in this study. Using Seldinger technique, lingual artery angiography and TACE were carried out in all patients. Radical resection of tongue cancer was performed in 2-3 weeks after TACE. Results Super-selective catheterization and TACE was successfully accomplished in all patients. After TACE the tumor size was significantly decreased in all patients. During the operation, clear lesion's border was observed, and the amount of blood loss was less than usual. Conclusion For the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, preoperative superselective TACE is safe and effective;it can increase the opportunity of surgical resection, reduce the surgical damage, and improve the quality of life as well as the survival rate.

Six patients with lung cancer treated with therapy were included. They were retrieved the image and re-planned by fraction 10. The volume of GTV was reduced (65. 59 ± 17. 09)% after three-stage treatments. The doses of target tumor were the same in three-stage treatments. Compared with IMRT, ART1 reduced V20 , V30 , MLD of whole lung by 2. 01%,2. 66%,241. 78 cGy(P=0. 005,0. 039,0. 026). Compared with ART1,ART2 further re-duced the indexes by 3. 21%,2. 97%,288. 64 cGy(P=0. 005,0. 013,0. 046). The doses of ipsilateral lung were reduced significantly (P<0. 05). But this was not for opposite lung. The dose V50,Dmean of heart and V55 of esopha-gus were similar to each plan. Dmean of esophagus with ART1 was smaller than with IMRT(261. 98 cGy,P=0. 002) and Dmean of esophagus with ART2 was smaller than with ART1(300. 43 cGy,P=0. 008). D2% and Dmean of spinal cord were reduced in turn significantly(P<0. 05).

Radiotherapy has become one of the most important treatments for cervical carcinoma. In recent years,because of the organ motion,anatomical changes and setup errors et cetera,the accurate external beam radiotherapy( EBRT)may regard to the difference between the actual dose delivery and the pre-treatment plan,which not only causes target less,but also brings additional doses to the organs at risk( OAR). By using of image guidance and individual modelling,adaptive radiotherapy( ART)can analyze the parameters of target position,volume and dose and adjust optimized plans for the follow-up treatment based on aforesaid feedbacks and enable the enhancement of the local control rate while reducing the incidence of the side reaction.

Objective To explore the effects of bed side painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) under chest computed tomography (CT) guidance and mechanical ventilation in the patients with severe pulmonary infection (SPI).Methods A total of 131 cases of SPI undermechanical ventilation support were randomly (random number) divided into CT group (C group),chest Xray examination group (X group) and without radiological examination group (N group).The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by using painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with invasive mechanical ventilation was carried out in patients of these three groups.Vital signs and variables of respiratory mechanics ofpatients were monitored before and 1 h,2 h,and 4 h after BAL and the time consumed for BAL was simultaneous recorded.Meanwhile,infection related biomarkers on the 3rd d and 5thd after BAL,positive detection rate of pathogenic bacteria,the time of invasive mechanical ventilation used during BAL and total duration of mechanical ventilation support were measured.Results During BAL and at 10 min after BAL,heart rate and respiratory rate of C group and X group were lower than those of N group (P ＜ 0.05),however,there was no significant difference in SBP and DBP among groups (P ＞ 0.05).One and two hours after BAL,peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),work of breathing ventilation (WOBvent) and airway resistance (RAW) in C group and X group were lower than those in N group,therefore,dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in C and X groups was better than that in N group (P ＜0.05).Four hours after BAL.Cdyn in C group and X group was better than that in N group (P ＜ 0.05),But there were no significant differences in PIP,WOBvent and RAW among groups (P ＞ 0.05).BAL time (BAL-t) in C group (16.81 ±2.62) min was shorter than that in X group (20.12 ± 3.81) min and N group (23.69 ± 2.76) min,(P ＜ 0.05).Three and five days after BAL,core body temperature,WBC and procalcitonin (PCT) in C and X group were lower than those in N group (P ＜0.05),and those in C group was lower than those in X group (P ＜0.05).Pathogenic micro-organism detection rate in C group (80.55％,29/36) was higher than that in X group (72.09％,31/43) and N group (59.65％,34/57) (P ＜ 0.05).Total mechanical ventilation time (MV-t) in C group (114.36 ± 38.39) h was shorter than that in X group (132.07 ± 42.51) h and N group (165.28 ± 67.28) h (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BAL by using painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy under chest CT guidance can effectively reduce the stress on patients with severe pulmonary infection supported with mechanical ventilation,decrease airway hyper-reactivity,shorten the BAL time,ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation,facilitate drainage of lung infection exudates and pathogen detection rate and improve efficacy of comprehensive treatment.

After the ways and methods to provide special subject database service for grass root troops were described according to their tasks and commissions, the database of altitude military medicine and emergency rescue database against NBC weapons were developed for altitude troops.