Through the observations on autopsy, surgical operation and clinical symptoms the indirect injuries around wound channel were confirmed in 68 wounded soldiers. They were hit by bullets (28 cases) or shell fragments (40 cases), respectively, The hitting reigions included the head-face, neck, thorax, abdomen, lumbus-dorsal, glutaeus and lower extremity. The patterns of indirect injury away from wound channel were reported in this paper.52 cases with indirect injury were cured because of early and exact diagnosis and timely medical treatment. 16 cases died within several minutes and 63 days after injury, in which 10 cases (14.7%) mainly died of severe indirect injury (rupture of liver. spleen or aneurysm, and cerebral contusion). The authors emphasized that damage of organs adjacent to the wound cavity should not be ignored in treating the cases induced by high velocity missiles.

In the present and future, nuclear terror raid may be tremendously hazardous to human health and social security. The governments of many countries have already established specific organizations to strike and smash nuclear terror raid. The government of our country also pays high attention to it. In order to help people understand and prevent the nuclear terror raid, the article summarizes the effects of each injurious factor, kinds and ranges of injurious effects, medical prevention and treatment at the scene of nuclear terror raid.

Female Kunming mice (6-8 weeks old) were exposed to total body irradiation by of 6?10 4V/m EMP(electromagnetic pulse, EMP) for five times in 6-8th day of gestation(post pregnant irradiation), or became pregnant within 14 days (early conception after irradiation), or 14-28 days (late conception after irradiation) after irradiation. Pregnant mice were killed at 18th day. Teratological markers were analysed to evaluate the effect of EMP irradiation on pregnancy and offspring. The results showed that EMP irradiation caused no significant changes in maternal body weight gains, most of organ weight and organ/body weight ratio. But it caused significant shortening of tail length of live foetus. The offspring sex ratio was decreased after post pregnant irradiation and early conception after irradiation. Body weight was decreased in the early and late conception after irradiation. EMP irradiation also resulted in a significant increase in fetal death rate and embryo absorption rate compared with control group, especially in the late conception group, which was increased 5 2 and 3 8 times respectively. The results suggested that EMP irradiation exerted certain effects on pregnancy and offspring development in both pre pregnant and post pregnant female mice.

Objective Study the changes of bFGF, COX2 after human severe brain injury and find an effective method for estimating time interval after brain injury.Method 35 brain tissue samples of severe brain injury were examined using immunohistochemical staining and image analysis technique to evaluate the expression of bFGF and COX2.Results Maximal bFGF expression was found at 0h after brain contusion. The intensity of bFGF staining decreased remarkably 12h after brain contusion and descended gradually to the minimum on the 11th day. Expression of COX2 positive cells increased significantly 12h after brain contusion and reached the maximum level one day after brain contusion. Then the expression decreased gradually from the 2nd day to almost aero on the 11th day.Conclusion The changes of bFGF and COX2 were regular along with various survival time after brain contusion so that bFGF and COX2 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a referential data for estimating time interval after human brain contusion.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of ultraviolet C(UVC) irradiation at different doses on expression of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) of granulation tissues in wound. MethodsAfter dosing 15mJ/cm2 or 60mJ/cm2 UVC on wound of rats, the expression of TGF-β were observed at both the mRNA level and the protein level by the methods of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. Results At the 7th day after UVC irradiation, the expression of TGF-β in the 15mJ/cm2 group were higher than that in 60mJ/cm2 group and controls (P<0.05)at both the mRNA and the protein level. On the 21st day, the level of TGF-β mRNA in the 60mJ/cm2 group was higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions At the early stage of wound healing,the treatment of 15mJ/cm2 UVC irradiation promots the expression of TGF-β and might be useful for accelerating wound healing. The level of TGF-β mRNA was up-regulated at the later stage at the dose of 60mJ/cm2 UVC irradiation.

Objective To study the injury of rat cardiomyocytes exposed to nonionizing radiation and its mechanism. Methods Primarily cultured cardiomyocytes were irradiated by 9 GHz 950 mW/cm2 microwave pulse (MWP)and 0～100 MHz 6?104 V/m electromagnetic pulse (EMP)for 72 h respectively ,then a series of apparatus including atom force microscope,laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometer were used to detect the changes of cell membrane conformation,structure and function. Results Slower pulsation,abnormal conformation,lower viability ,the significantly increased percentage of apoptosis and necrosis were observed in cardiomyocytes after irradiation by MWP and EMP respectively (P

By observing the changes in LDH、AST、CHE、K、Na+ contents in supernatant of cultured rat pituitary cells after electromagnetic pulse (EMP) irradiation the injury mechanism to pituitary cells was explored. Pituitary cells of Wistar rat was cultured in 6-hole plates. The cells in five plates were irradiated with high field strength EMP ( electromagnetic pulse) for 5 times within 2 minutes. The electromagnetic pulse simulator provided a high electric field intensity of 60 KV/m, with rise time 20-nsec and pulse wide 30/?S. Contents of LDH, AST, CHE, K+ and Na+ in the supernatant were measured using reagent boxes (Beijing Zhongsheng High-tech Bioengineering Company) at Oh, 1h, 6h, 12h and 24h following irradiation, respeetively. All data were analyzed by statistical software Spss 8. 0. The results showed that LDH and CHE contents in the supernatant increased significantly at Oh after irradiation with EMP (P 0. 05). Our conclusion is EMP could injure membranes of pituitary cells.

By observing apoptosis and morphological changes in primary culture of neurons from cerebellar granular layer, the neurons were irradiated with EMP (electromagnetic pulses), the possible injury mechanism was explored. The changes in death and apoptosis of the neurons were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. The slides stained with HE and TUNNEL were examined with light and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that not only death of the neurons occurred immediately, but also apoptosis appeared after irradiation with EMP. Our conclusion is EMP can promote necrosis and apoptosis of neurons from cerebellar granular layer at early stage, which may result from DNA injury induced by EMP.

Altogether 80 Wistar rats were used for an animal model of cerebral concussion, which were sacrificed on days 1,3,7,14 and 30 after injury and the brain tissue was collected. The pathologic changes of cerebral concussion and apoptosis of nervous cells were studied by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and in situ terminal end labeling method. The results showed that the clinical situation for cerebral concussion occurred in rats struck by 100g standard weight from 1 meter high. The basic pathologic changes were the cerebral vascular dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of cerebral tissue. Nervous cells underaent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis, and the Nissl bodies obviously decreased, even disappeared. On days 1～3 after injury, dot or piece necrosis was seen in brain tissue, around which the tissue rarefied. Monocytes and foam cells increased, and lots of neurons underwent degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. The edema of cerebral tissue reached its peak on day 7. Hippocampal pyramidal cells decreased in number and showed the changes of obvious ischemia. On days 14～30, blood vessels also showed dilatation, congestion and hemorrhage, whereas edema alleviated. The neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus also showed the changes of chronic ischemia. By in situ terminal end labeling the number of apoptotic neurons increased on day 1, reached its peak on day 3 and still existed on day 30. The results suggested that the main pathologic changes of cerebral concussion were blood circulatory disorder and nervous cell degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis of nervous cells was one of the main changes in cerebral concussion.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics, pathogenesis and the pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by systematic examination of the pathological changes in 30 organs from 6 autopsies of patients dying in different periods of the disease. Methods Pathological changes were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Results ①The basic pathological changes in the patients dying at the early stage of SARS were mainly degenerative changes, such as cellular degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis in the lung and immune organs (spleen, lymph nodes, and mucous membrane lymph tissue), and circulatory disturbances such as pulmonary edema, hyaloid membrane formataion and hemorrhage. In the patients dying at the middle and later stages, the basic pathological changes were necrosis and excoriation of pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells, interstitial fibrotic proliferation, accompanied by early fibrosis and progressive atrophy of lymphoid tissues. These results confirmed again that the lung and immune organs were the major target organs. ②The process of pulmonary changes could be divided into three periods: the first period was characterized by acute exudative and leakage inflammation (within two weeks of onset of the disease, the main pathological changes were severe diffuse edema and hyaline membrane formation in lung), the second period showed the feature of pulmonary epithelial necrosis and excoriation, accompanied by hyperplastic and organizational inflammation (within third to fourth weeks); the third period was hyperplasia and early fibrosis of pulmonary tissue (within fifth to sixth weeks) . The lung damages were widespread, immediate, progressive, staged and diverse. ③Serious damage and diffuse hemorrhage were observed in the immune organ, such as spleen, lymph nodes. Remarkable atrophy was seen in spleen nodules and lymph folliculi, with early apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes. The number of T cells and B cells were extremely decreased; the immune function became very low. The damages to the immune organs were widespread, immediate, and persistent. ④It was confirmed that novel coronavirus(Co v) was the major pathogen, and the chlamydia like particles was also one of the pathogens. At the same time, unknown stick like structures were found in the lung and spleen, and cocci were also found in the lung. Conclusions Examinations of the autopsy specimens from SARS patients showed that the pathogens were diverse, in which Co v was the major pathogen. The pathology involved multiple organs and cells in the human body, producing viremia. The lung and lymphoid tissues were the main target organs; pathological changes of the lung were progressive and could be divided into 3 stages. Pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 4～6 weeks. The atrophy of the immune organs was persistent and progressive. The immune function was low for a long time(The pictures were put into the color pages of this journal.).