Along with the high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents,obesity can lead to im-paired glucose tolerance,dyslipidemia,elevation of blood pressure,the risk of metabolic syndrome,diabetes,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases gradually increases.As end-event cardiovascular disease(CVD)is hardly present in childhood,there is a critical need for early markers to assess,predict,and treat the children who are vulnerable to developing CVD.For mitigating the incidence of future CVD through early detection and pre-vention programs,this paper reviews the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and immunologic dysfunc-tion,chronic inflammation,oxidative stress,insulin resistance.And it also provides a critical overview on early-noninvasive measurements about endothelial function in obese children.

The pathogenesis of obesity in children is unclear.Genetic play an important role,including gene mutations,polymorphisms,epigenetics.And the other hand,environment factors such as intrauterine environment,nutrition,physical exercise,and gut microflora also affect the obesity.The genetic and environment factors have interaction,leading to the occurrence of childhood obesity and development.With the advances in molecular biology techniques and large-scale,large sample size of population screening,new obesity-related genes,single nucleotide polymorphisms,the apparent genetic markers will continue to be found,looking forward to the future predict obesity,to choose to guide effective treatment,or even contribute to the development of genetic targeting drugs.

Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality among malignant cancers. Known asthe king of cancer,it lacks early symp-toms, diagnostic methods and oncologic markers. Early lymph node metastasis could be found in this disease. Moreover, advanced panereatic cancer is incurable by surgery. Due to the limited efficacy of surgery, as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy tolerance, therapeutic methods for pancreatic cancer are being explored. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a member of the cell adhesion molecule inmunoglobulin (Ig) super family that is usually expressed in normal developing nervous tissues. L1CAM is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells, binds withα5-integrin to activate downstream factors that mediate tumor metastasis and invasion via the TGF-β1/JUK/slug signaling pathway, induces epithelium-mesenchymal transition, and resists chemotherapy drugs. However, L1CAM forms abnormal vessels that increase the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. This abnormal L1CAM expression in pancreatic can-cer cells is a new therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer treatment. Therefore, future studies on L1CAM could promote the develop-ment of pancreatic cancer therapy and provide new treatment methods.

Maturity-onsetdiabetesoftheyoung(MODY),amonogenicformofdiabetes,hasmorethan8 well-known subtypes:MODY1( hepatocyte nuclear factor - 4A,HNF4A ),MODY2( glucokinase,GCK ),MODY3 (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1A,HNFIA),MODY4(pancreatic and duodenal homeobox,PDX),MODY5(hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B,HNFIB),MODY6(neuronal differentiation 1,NEUR0DI),MODY7(carboxyl ester lipase,CEL) and MODY8( insulin,INS). The molecular pathology,clinical manifestations and treatment of MODYs are different and reviewed.

Matrix metalloproteinases are the important enzymes in the metabolic process of extracellular matrix,participate in the process of physiology and pathology,play a major role in many nosogenesises,the meanings are significant.This article is an overview about matrix metalloproteinases in the many diseases of colon.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of substitute popliteal vein valve operation (SPVSO) for primary lower limb deep vein insufficiency(DVIS). Methods The clinical data of 859 cases(907 legs) of DVIS who underwent SPVSO in the past 10 years in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Symptoms of edema and fatigue distinctly reduced or disappeared after the operation.Pigmentation in the lower portion of the leg began to disappear in 1 week, and nearly or totally disappeared within 2 weeks after the operation.Ulcer in the lower portion of the leg recovered three weeks after the operation. Patients were followed up for 6 to 120 months. The effective rate within 60 months was 96.8%, and the effective rate over 60 months was 87.2%. Conclusions The curative effect of SPVSO on primary deep vein insufficiency of lower extremity is definite and it is worthy to be clinical practice.

The arteries of the female internal genitalia were studied with transparent, X-ray photogaphyand corrosion method in 40 specimens from fetuses and babies. The uterine artery divides into ascending and descending branches along the lateral border ofthe uterus. The descending branches supply the cervix of the uterus and anastomose with thevaginal artery. The ascending branches ascends along the lateral border of the uterus to the originof the proper ligament of the ovary where it sendes out the fundus, uterine tube and ovarianbranches. In most cases, there is no convolution and without further branching in the remainingtrunk of the ascending branch. The ovarian artery is spiral in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It is in this region or inthe mesovarium, the ovarian artery divides into 2--3 branches, that is to anastomose with theuterine artery and its ovarian and fimbrian branches of the uterine tube. The most common typeof anastomoses found in the hilum in the ovary and origin of the proper ligament is that theovarian branch of the uterine artery communicates with the ovarian artery. The uterine artery divides into 20-40 straight or convoluted branches in the uterine wall.Branches from the two sides anastomose near the midline of the uterus. The degree of convolutionand the number of branches and anastomoses in the uterine wall increase with age. Both ovarian and uterine artery supply blood to the ovary. There are about 20--30 branchesin the hilum of the ovary. They attain various spiral forms. The most common type of bloodsupply in the uterine tube is that the uterine tube and isthmus branches of the uterine artery anas-tomose with the fimbria branch of the ovarian artery and then send out 20--30 branches to encirclethe uterine tube.

BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion. Changes in the strength balance between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion, even an impact to the tendon insertion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism and influence of patellar tendinopathy on the knee joint and surrounding muscles motion. METHODS: Ten male athletes with patellar tendinopathy and ten male athletes with matched sports item, body height and age were selected, and the knee-joint strength and surface electromyography were tested using CON-TREX Isokinetic Measurement System. The change of knee-joint flexor peak torque, extensor peak torque and surface electromyography of the quadriceps were compared with and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Result showed during isometric exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly lower than the control group, and ratio of flexor peak torque to extensor peak torque was significantly higher than the control group; during isokinetic exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significant smaller than that of the control group, and notably changed with the increasing motion angular velocity; during isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise, the ratios of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis of the patellar tendinopathy group were lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences between knee-joint flexor and extensor of patellar tendinopathy athlete. The activity of vastus lateralis is low and vastus medialis and vastus lateralis are not in balance.

The lymphatic drainage of the ileocecal region was studied on 40 fetus and infant cadavers through the method of lymphatic injection. The lymphatics of the terminal part of the ileum in most cases ascend to the ileo- colic nodes.Part of these lymphatics lead to the nodes around the cecal or the ileal branches of the ileocolic artery.There is a single case,in which part of these lymphatics end directly in the superior mesenteric nodes. The lymphatics of the appendix mostly run parallel to the appendicular artery and lead to the ileocolic nodes.In some cases 1—2 lymphatics end in the appendicular nodes, and the nodes along the cecal or the ileal branches of the ileocolic artery. The lymphatics of the cecum mostly open into the anterior cecal nodes.Part of these lymphatics end in the ileocolic nodes.It is only in a few cases that 1—2 lymphatics of the cecum run to the posterior cecal nodes or the nodes situated at the cecal branches of the ileocolic artery.

The first domestic patient who had received implantation of a stimulator of anterior root of sacral nerve was followed up for 42 months. The result showed that the patient regained control of micturition and absolute continence under electric stimulation. Life quality was improved apparently. No signs of sacral nerve root injury were found. In conclusion, stimulator of anterior root of sacralnerve (SARS) implantation is a safe and effective procedure and can be used in such patient for a long term. A test of the exterior parts of an indigenous stimulator shows that it is comparable to imported ones