Objective To investigate the impact of the different mode of delivery on postpartum lactation.Methods 1 678 pregnant women in our hospital were divided into cesarean section group(798 cases) and natural delivery group(880 cases).Open milk after delivery,breast fullness,the number of neonatal sucking and post-natal self-assessment milk water were compared between the two groups of pregnant women,and the impact of the mode of delivery on postpartum lactation was analyzed.Results Whether or not began to lactation (721/77cases),and the time of labor to beginning to lactation [(33.45 ± 9.68) h],and whether or not having breast fullness feeling (512/286 cases),and the time of labor to breast fullness feeling[(57.12 ± 13.90) h] in cesarean section group had significant difference with those of spontaneus labor group [(845/35 cases),(30.12 ± 10.25) h,(690/190 cases),(52.98 ±15.09) h] (x2 =21.613,t =2.452,x2 =41.813,t =2.818,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in selfrating milk score [(2.02 ± 0.45) points vs (2.45 ± 0.51) points],and newborn sucking times 4 ～ 6d postpartum [(5.21 ±1.21) times vs (5.89± 1.82)times](t =2.012,2.532,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Efficiency of the breast-feeding was affected by the impact of the mode of delivery.Rationalized breastfeeding guidance was necessary to strengthen for pregnant women by cesarean section.

Objiective:to summarize the early treatment of severe bifrontal intraparenchyma contusion associated with central herniation. Mehthod:clinical presentation of 41 cases of secere bifrontal contusion associated with central herniation were analyzed retrospectively. Resolts:12 cases had good overcome,13 mild morbidty,2 severe mordity,1 were in persistent vegetative state,3 mortality.Conclusions: Attaches great importance to patients with severe bifrontal brain contusion associated with central herniation,close observation of patients with their consciousness,pupil and changes in vital signs;attend that it is premature to stop dehydrating agent,too fast,to review the head dynamic CT,the right to master surgical indications.Early removal of necrotic brain tissue and cranial decompressive craniectomy to be effective in improving the cure rate of patients.

Objective To explore the changes of the levels of CA-125 antigen(CA125) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and peritoneal fluid in patients with endometriosis (EMT), and the relationship with EMT. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with EMT (EMT group)and 98 patients with uterine fibroids (control group) were enrolled in this study. The levels of CA125 and VEGF in serum and peritoneal fluid were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were compared. Results The levels of serum CA125,VEGF in EMT group were significantly higher than those in control group:(40.31±11.14) kU/L vs.(24.71±9.19) kU/L,(59.75±6.87) ng/L vs. (36.38±8.12) ng/L, there were significant differences(P<0.05). The levels of serum CA125,VEGF inⅠ-Ⅱphase andⅢ-Ⅳphase in EMT group had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The levels of peritoneal fluid CA125,VEGF in EMT group were significantly higher than those in control group:(311.46± 107.29) kU/L vs.(158.17± 55.42) kU/L,(73.28 ±10.40) ng/L vs. (40.21 ±9.84) ng/L, there were significant differences (P<0.05). The levels of peritoneal fluid CA125,VEGF in Ⅲ-Ⅳ phase were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ-Ⅱ phase in EMT group:(387.41±70.91) kU/L vs. (308.42±81.21) kU/L, (69.22±7.13) ng/L vs. (55.44±8.23) ng/L, there were significant differences (P<0.05). In EMT group, the levels of CA125 and VEGF in serum were significantly lower those in peritoneal fluid:(40.31±11.14) kU/L vs. (311.46±107.29) kU/L, (59.75±6.87) ng/L vs. (73.28 ±10.40) ng/L, there were significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The levels of CA125 and VEGF in serum and peritoneal fluid are closely related to EMT. Peritoneal fluid in monitoring of EMT may be more sensitive and reliable than serum.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of heart failure among patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD).Method Clinical data were collected from the histories of 158 patients receiving CAPD to investigate the factors inducing heart failure for the purpose of finding out the potential independent influencing factors using t test or chi-square test for univariate analyses and logistic regression in multivariate analyses.Results The incidence of heart failure was 36.71%among the enrolled CAPD patients.Single factor analysis showed that level of volume management,age,hemoglobin,serum pre-albumin, cholesterol and c-reactive protein were related to heart failure.Analysis of multiple variables logistic regression revealed that levels of volume management,serum pre-albumin and blood urea nitrogen were related to heart failure.Conclusions It is an easy,effective and cheaper way for nurses to increase patients’ability of volume control.The strategy including remedying malnutrition and decreasing the level of uremic toxins might be effective for delayed exacerbation of cardiac function among CAPD patients.

Hemoglobin (Hb) regeneration method in rats was used to prove the effect of pigmented rice on iron dificiency anemia (IDA). IDA was induced in 90 Wistar male weaning rats by feeding low iron diet for 25 days. Fifty of the anemic rats were divided into 5 groups; low iron, nonpigmented milled rice, pigmented milled rice, pigmented semibrown rice and control (compared only with the pigmented milled rice group). The result of 30 days experiment showed that pigmented rice was superior to nonpigmented rice in Hb regeneration and the semibrown was superior to the milled. Pigmented rice, especially the semibrown, was found to possess more iron than nonpigmented rice. There was a close correlation between the degree of Hb regeneration and the quantity of iron taken by rats or the quantity of iron in diets. These evidences suggested that pigmented rice had certain prophylactic and curing effect against IDA and this was probably due to its higher iron content.

With the rapid development of modem medical imaging technology,imaging examination especially CT and MRI plays an increasingly important role in the quantitative analysis of ophthalmic diseases,including the measurement of orbital volume with CT, the morphological changes of extraocular muscles in different eye positions,changes of oxygen pressure of the retina and the breakdown of blood-retinal barrier,the quantitative analysis of fiber bundles of visual pathway and so on.In this paper,a brief review was made about the application of imaging measurement with CT and MRI in ophthalmic diseases.

AIM: To study whether there was a correlation between central foveal thickness (CFT) assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity of patient with high myopia after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.METHODS: Totally 67 patients with high myopia underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in the study.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded and CFT was measured using OCT at 1wk,1 and 3mo after oerations.BCVA and CFT were compared before and after the operation.All patents were divided into two groups by the BCVA at 3mo after operation,BCVA>0.5 in Group A and BCVA≤0.5 in Group B.ANOVA,Spearman correlation analysis and independent t test were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative BCVA and postoperative BCVA (F=115.04,P<0.01).Preoperative CFT was different compared with that 1wk and 1mo after operation (P=0.04,0.02) and was not different with that 3mo after operation(P=0.52).There was a statistically significant difference in CFT of postoperative 3-month compared with that of postoperative 1-week(P<0.01) or that of postoperative 1-month (P<0.01).BCVA showed significant positive correlation with CFT without foveal lesion on postoperative 3mo (r=0.28,P=0.03).CFT of Group A and Group B was significantly different at 3mo after the operation (t=-2.24,P=0.03).There was no significant difference in age and intraocular lens of two groups.CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography allow for objective assessment of retinal construction changes in eyes with high myopia are correlated to visual acuity.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and is the major cause of pain and chronic disability worldwide, causing enormous social and economic burden.Once OA was considered as a 'wear-and-tear' condition and obesity is considered to be one of the most powerful predisposing factors of OA in the weight-bearing joints.However, studies have also linked obesity to OA in non-weightbearing areas, suggesting systemic effects exerted by metabolic factors other than simple local biomechanics perhaps play a role in the high prevalence of osteoarthritis in obese population.Recent studies have shown that systemic metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, play an important role in OA pathological process.Metabolic diseases promote the incidence and development of OA through a variety of ways, inducing causing low-grade systemic inflammation, increasing release of adipokines, anabolic cytokines and inflammatory mediators, leading to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders of chondrocytes, upregulating of cartilage extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, raising oxidative stress injury, increasing apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and reducing the cartilage and subchondral bone nutrition supply.These metabolic changes ultimately accelerate the damage of cartilage and promote the incidence and development of OA.Further research on OA and metabolic diseases, has the potential to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of OA.

Objective To systematic evaluate the prevalence of secondhand smoke among Chinese mainland rural residents by meta?analysis,so as to provide reference for making relevant smoking control regulations and the carry out of targeted tobacco control action. Methods The related stud?ies were searched and collected from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfangdata,VIP and CBM database,which were published between 2001 and 2015 about the prevalence of secondhand smoke among Chinese mainland rural residents. Meta?analysis was tested by software CMA V2. Results The pooled prevalence of secondhand smoke among Chinese mainland rural residents was 46.6%(95%CI 40.5%?52.8%). Stratified analysis showed that the prevalence of secondhand smoke were 45.7%and 47.5%for male and female,45.7%and 51.1%for eastern and midwest China,22.1%、34.2%and 71.3%for public place,workplace and family,respectively. The prevalence among sex,regions,and places were statistically significant. Conclusion The prevalence of secondhand smoke among Chinese mainland rural residents was relatively high,and the prevalence of secondhand smoke was higher in women than in men,in midwest area than in eastern area,and at family than at public place and at workplace.

In recent years,postoperative mortality rate of pancreatic resection has dropped below 5％,while the complication rate still remains as high as 30％ ～ 50％.Postoperative pancreatic fistula and abdominal abscess are two serious complications after pancreatic resection,with the incidence of 10％ ～28％.Deep understanding of the physiological functions of the pancreas together with the research and development of new medications has improved the prognosis of patients with pancreatic fistula.This article gave a brief overview on the progress in this regard.