AIMTo compare the TAOC of quercetin, rutin, vitamin C, vitamin E in vitro and examine the effect of quercetin on TAOC of rat plasma after intragastric administration.

METHODSFe3+ reducing ability assay, UV spectrum analysis and HPLC analysis were used to measure TAOC of plasma and the contents of quercetin and rutin after intragastric administration.

RESULTSThe TAOC of quercetin was stronger than that of rutin and roughly equal to vitamin C and vitamin E in vitro. After intragastric administration of quercetin (40 mg/kg bw), the TAOC and content of quercetin in rat plasma increased significantly. Vitamin C also increased plasma TAOC significantly, but rutin and vitamin E didn't after intragastric administration. However, there was no remarkable absorption peak of quercetin on HPLC chromatograms and on the other hand, the peak areas of two unknown peaks near quercetin peak were increased after intragastric administration of quercetin.

CONCLUSIONThe antioxidant capacity of quercetin was stronger than rutin and comparable to vitamin C both in vitro and in vivo. After absorption, quercetin is metabolized to its derivatives.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Male ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rutin ; pharmacology ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology

Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Platelet Count ; Vitamin B 12 ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Cardiovascular Diseases ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; Vitamin D ; pharmacology ; physiology

A novel oral delivery system that TPGS modified docetaxel proniosomes, DTX-TPGS-PN, was developed and the characterization after hydration was observed. Firstly, Doce-TPGS-PN was optimized by investing the factors, including the type of surfactant, methods of adding TPGS, content of TPGS and the molar ratio of span40/cholesterol, which may affecting the particle size, encapsulation efficiency and instantaneous release of drug in the formulation. Then, the morphology, particle size, Zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of the formulation were evaluated. The result showed that hydrated nanoparticles of DTX-TPGS-PNs were (93 ± 6.5) nm in size,(-83.95 ± 3.69) mV in zeta potential, (97.31 ± 0.60)% in encapsulation efficiency, exhibiting spherical morphology and biphasic release process that a low burst effect within the first 0.5 hour and a relative-sustained release for the next several hours in PBS. These results indicate the oral delivery system of DTX-TPGS-PN was successfully built with good properties.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Taxoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Vitamin E ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differential effect of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet. Ninety female Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomized by stratified weight method into nine groups with 10 rats in each group: baseline control, and 0.5% (normal) or 0.1% (low) calcium diet, either alone, or with vitamin K (30 mg/100g, food intake), vitamin D (25microgram/100 g, food intake), or vitamin K + vitamin D. After 10 weeks of feeding, bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on cortical bone of the tibial shaft and cancellous bone of the proximal tibia. Vitamin K supplementation increased the maturation-related cancellous bone gain and retarded the reduction in the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a low calcium diet, and increased the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a normal calcium diet. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the maturation-related cancellous bone gain, prevented the reduction in periosteal bone gain, and enhanced the enlargement of the marrow cavity, with no significant effect on the reduction in the maturation-related cortical bone gain in rats fed a low calcium diet, and increased the maturation- related cancellous and cortical bone gains with increased periosteal bone gain in rats fed a normal calcium diet. An additive effect of vitamin K and vitamin D on the maturation- related cortical bone gain was found in rats fed a normal calcium diet. This study shows the differential effects of vitamin K and vitamin D supplementation on cancellous and cortical bone mass in young rats fed a normal or low calcium diet, as well as the additive effect on cortical bone under calcium sufficient condition.
Age Factors ; Animals ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Calcium, Dietary/*pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vitamin D/*pharmacology ; Vitamin K/*pharmacology

Increased generation of ROS causes the lipid oxidation of the membrane of spermatozoa, but antioxidant vitamins play an important role in reproduction and help clear away ROS and protect the sperm membrane from lipid oxidation. This review focused on the effect of antioxidant vitamins on male reproduction and in the treatment of male infertility.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; adverse effects ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Vitamin A ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Vitamin E ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062 was an L-serine producing strain stored at our lab and could produce L-serine directly from sugar. We studied the effects of cofactors in one carbon unit metabolism-folate and VB12 on the cell growth, sucrose consumption and L-serine production by SYPS-062. In the same time, the metabolic flux distribution was determined in different conditions. The supplementation of folate or VB12 enhanced the cell growth, energy synthesis, and finally increased the flux of pentose phosphate pathway (HMP), whereas the carbon flux to L-serine was decreased. The addition of VB12 not only increased the ratio of L-serine synthesis pathway on G3P joint, but also caused the insufficiency of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux, which needed more anaplerotic reaction flux to replenish TCA cycle, that was an important limiting factor for the further increasing of the L-serine productivity.
Citric Acid Cycle ; physiology ; Corynebacterium glutamicum ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; Serine ; biosynthesis ; Vitamin B 12 ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effects of newborn bull serum(NBS), vitamin C and vitamin E on cryopreservation of mouse seminiferous epithelial cells.

METHODSThe seminiferous epithelial cells from 7-day-old mice were cryopreserved in different freezing solutions. The cell recoveries were examined by Trypan blue exclusive staining after thawing. The freezing solutions composed of DMEM, 10% dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO), and 0, 5%, 10%, or 20% NBS, respectively, or composed of DMEM, 10% DMSO, 10% NBS, and 150 micrograms/ml vitamin C or 50 micrograms/ml vitamin E, respectively.

RESULTSThe cell recoveries in freezing solution containing 0, 5%, 10%, or 20% NBS were 83.4%, 84.7%, 85.7% and 83.6%, respectively. There were no significant differences between them. The cell recoveries in freezing solution containing vitamin C or vitamin E were 88.0% and 82.9%, respectively. There was no significant differences compared with that in freezing solution containing 10% DMSO and 10% NBS.

CONCLUSIONSNBS, vitamin C and vitamin E have no significant protecting effects on mouse seminiferous epithelial cells, and can not significantly improve the cell recoveries.

Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Cattle ; Cryopreservation ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Fetal Blood ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Seminiferous Epithelium ; cytology ; Vitamin K ; pharmacology

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Ureter ; drug effects ; physiology ; Urination ; drug effects ; Vitamin K 3 ; pharmacology

The Protective effect of vitamin E and selenium against peroxidative damage in white blood cells was studied. Forty-eight male rats (~100g BW) were divided into four groups and were fed with a torula yeast based diet deficient in Vit.E and Se. Vit.E (100IU/Kg diet) and Se (0.3ppm) supplementation increased the total peritoneal cell (P.C) population and cell survival rate. Selenium supplementation decreased the hydrogen peroxide generation (half of the control) significantly and Vit.E supplementation reduced the malonaldehyde production during phagocytosis in vitro. However, superoxide generation was not affected by the supplementation of Vit.E or Se. There were no significant differences in catalase activity between groups but glutathione peroxidase activity was increased about twofold by Se supplementation with no effect of Vit.E. In a separate experiment, activated alveolar macrophages were obtained from BCG infected rabbits fed a diet supplemented with Vit.E (100 IU/Kg diet) or Se (0.3 ppm). Se supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase in cells, and both Vit.E and Se increased the cell survival rate during phagocytosis as compared to the control. Both Vit.E and Se are necessary to protect host cells from peroxidative damage during phagocytosis.
Animal ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/physiology* ; Male ; Peroxides/metabolism* ; Phagocytosis/drug effects* ; Rats ; Selenium/pharmacology* ; Vitamin E/pharmacology*