INTRODUCTION: More than 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been identified. Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines, the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae has changed specifically the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of this organism.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the serotype distribution according to certain clinical factors and antimicrobial resistance of profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized patients with invasive pneumococcal disease in Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center for the year 2014-2015.
METHODS: The study design is a retrospective, hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Included in this study are all 71 patients 50 years and older with invasive pneumococcal disease. A case report form was used to collect data from the charts of previously admitted patients. Serotypes and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were obtained from the RITM database.
RESULTS: The three most common serotypes isolated from patients were serotypes 3,4 and 18, comprising 29.58% of the isolates. Only serotype 7 was found in a patient with septic shock. Serotypes 4,7,18 and 34 were present among those who died within 72 hours of admission. Among the antibiotics tested, tetracycline has a resistance rate of 11.29%.
CONCLUSION: There were a total of 21 different serotypes found in this study. Most of the serotypes were covered by the current pneumococcal vaccines that are commonly given in family practice. Most of the serotypes present were found among those who improved and were eventually discharged. Tetracycline was found to have the highest resistance rate among the antibiotics tested.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged 80 And Over ; Streptococcus Pneumoniae ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Serogroup ; Anti-bacterial Agents ; Shock, Septic ; Family Practice ; Anti-infective Agents ; Pneumococcal Infections ; Tetracycline ; Hospitals

Background: Pain management affects the quality of life of patients especially those transitioning to chronic or even palliative care. Objectives: This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes of residents on opioid use in palliative patients and factors affecting it at Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center (VSMMC), Cebu. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 94 residents from different departments of VSMMC in April 2020 – December 2020 was done. Survey questionnaires used with internal consistency reliability at (alpha r>.70) were adopted and data processing included means, frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square with a p-value < .05. Results: About 43.62 % of respondents have inadequate knowledge and 36.2% have inadequate attitudes. Psychometric scale showed negative attitudes on constructs of addiction, operational use and non-dependence risks. Analyses showed no significant associations between knowledge and sex, training, year level, civil status, and Continuing Medical Education. Significant relationships exist between attitudes and residency training and between knowledge and attitudes. Conclusion A considerable gap of knowledge and attitudes exists among residents. The attitude towards morphine use is also found to be negative. These primarily undermine the quality of life of patients suffering from pain and further worsened by factors such as inadequate supply of morphine at the hospital and lack of S2 ownership among physicians.
Pain Management ; Knowledge ; Attitude