This study introduced the deep researches on the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac ultrasound as well as treatment of the left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension including drug therapy and non drug therapy
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Cardiomegaly ; hypertension

Before an intervention for coronary disease, it should consider thoroughly the medical history of patients, tests and used drugs. This paper introduced some drug for using before, during and after intervention of the coronary disease including analgesics, sedative, anti allergy with opaque compounds and drug, platelet anti-aggregation, gluco-protein receptor inhibitors, anti-coagulant, anti-clotting agents, myocardial is chimes preventive agents. This paper also presented some complications during and after intervention for coronary disease such as postoperative coronary occlusion, coronary spasm, and thrombosis. It should be monitored after intervention and drugs using.
Coronary Disease ; Drug Therapy

Hypertension is increasing in the world including the Vietnam. Changes in concentrations of bood lipid, glucose are often correlated with hypertension. Changes in bood lipid concentration are major cause of cardiovascular disease. Finding and treatment of dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients will reduce cardiac complications. Objective: To detemnine serum total cholesterol, glucose, creatinine and urine protein, glucose in adults with hypertension and to find out the correlation between biochemical values and hypertension grades. Objects and method: 379 people with hypertension (grade 1: 221 people; grade 2: 134 people; grade 3: 24 people) and 86 people without hypertension served as control. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 12/2004-3/2005. Results: Biochemical values in people with hypertension were: total cholesterol: 4.75- 5.95 mmol/l; glucose: 4.83-5.11 mmol/l; creatinine: 69.22-89.02mmol/l. Urine protein test was positive in 6.3% of people with hypertesion. Values of total cholesterol, creatinine in people with grade-3 hypertension were significantly higher than these in normotensive people (p< 0.01). There were significantly regressed between diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) with creatinin (DBP: r=0.157 P< 0.01 ; Y=(0.101 X creatinin)+83.668 - SBP: r=0.113 P=0.02 Y= (0.127 X creatinin)+139.369.
Hypertension ; Adult

Background: PDA is an especially common pathological condition in premature neonates because of the anatomical structural immaturity of the cardiovascular system. There are evidence for the effectiveness of ibuprofen for closing persistent ductus arteriosus, with few adverse effects. Objectives: To determine whether oral ibuprofen treatment is effective and safe in the closure of PDA in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Subjects and methods: The prospective study was conducted on premature newborns with PDA who were presented at the Department of Neonatology, National Hospital of Pediatrics. Results: A total of 32 neonates were eligible for the study. Ductal closure was achieved in 22 newborns (68.6%), the ductus was persistent after 6 doses in 8 cases (25.1%), 2 newborns (6.3%) suffered from ductal reopening after closure (after 1 and 2 doses). PDA closure was achieved with 1 dose of ibuprofen in 7 cases, 2 doses in 9, 3 doses in 4 and more than 4 doses in 4 cases. The survival rate was 81.2% (26 out of 32). 6 patients (18.8%) died from severe respiratory distress and very low birth weight (2 cases), Klebsiella sepsis (4 cases). Mortality is higher in the closure failure group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Oral ibuprofen suspension can be considered as an effective and safe alternative for PDA closure in premature newborns. Larger comparative studies is required to confirm these results.
Persistent ductus ateriosus ; Premature newborn.

Background: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital cardiac diseases, accounting for 20%, and affects the left ventricular function. There is no study on the application of Tei index to evaluate left ventricular function in patients with VSD in Vietnam. Objective:To assess left ventricular function in ventricular septal defect by Tei index. Subject and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study that involves 35 patients of VSD with an average age of 15.77+/-10.41 (A group: 19 patients of VSD with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAPs) < 40 mmHg and B group: 16 patients of VSD with PAPs>=40mmHg and control group: 30 normal volunteers). Results: Tei index for estimation of left ventricular function is higher in the VSD (0.50+/- 0.18) than the control (0.37 +/- 0.03) with p < 0.01, exponentially more in the VSD with PAPs >=40mmHg (0.64 +/- 0.15; p<0.01). Conclusion: Left ventricular function is worse in VSD patients in comparison to the healthy people.
Ventricular Septal Defect ; Tissue Doppler ; Tei index

Background: The male infertility accounts for approximately 40%-50%, in which the cases without sperms in semen occupy nearly 5% for Obstructive Azoospermia (OA). Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) in combination with serum FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) test was effective in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Objectives: To evaluate preliminarily the results of the technique of PESA in the diagnosis of OA and in combination with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treating male infertility. Subjects and method: A longitudinal, interventional study was carried out on 110 cases of male infertility treated at the Assisted Reproductive Technology Center of National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from August 7th 2005 to July 30th 2006. All patients underwent PESA and then testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA) if necessary. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.75+/-6.68 years. Among 110 patients, 54 cases (49.1%) had post-operative diagnoses of OA, 56 cases (50.9%) were diagnosed with complete azoospermia after PESA and TEFNA procedures. There were correlations between the volume of left and right testis and the probability of sperms in testing samples (p= 0.03 and =0.05, respectively). Also, serum FSH concentration related to the positive result of sperm test (p< 0.0001). Conclusion: PESA is less-invasive and exact method to the diagnosis of azoospermia. It should be done PESA for patients with testis volume >=10ml and serum FSH concentration <20mIU/mL.
azoospermia ; Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration

Introduction: When Viet Nam launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1981, it covered six vaccines, including measles. Subsequently, Viet Nam experienced a marked reduction in measles infections. A nationwide measles epidemic occurred in April 2014 and an investigation found that 86% of affected children aged 9 months to 10 years were not fully vaccinated; therefore, understanding the reasons for not vaccinating could improve vaccination coverage. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to determine vaccination coverage and reasons for non-vaccination among children aged 9 months to 10 years in six districts in Ho Chi Minh City with the highest number of measles cases in 2014. Measles vaccination status of the youngest child in each household was determined and reasons for non-vaccination were investigated. A χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of full vaccination. Results: In total, 207 children were enrolled during the study period in 2014. Full measles vaccination coverage was 55% in these households, and 73% of parents were aware of the importance of measles vaccination to protect their children. We found that the father’s education level (under high school versus high school and above) and the site where the survey was conducted were significantly associated with vaccination status. Conclusion The vaccination coverage was lower than the coverage reported by district preventive medicine centres of the seven study wards. Lack of the second vaccination was a key obstacle to eliminating the vaccination gap. A catch-up mass vaccination campaign or health promotion of measles vaccination directed towards parents should be considered to improve vaccination coverage.

Objectives: Vertebral fractures are associated with disability and mortality, but most vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of and develop a predictive nomogram for asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese adults. Methods: This cohort study as a part of the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study involved 168 men and 287 women aged 50 years and older without a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture. Their spine x-rays were taken at the recruitment and subsequent 2-year visit. Vertebral fractures were ascertained using the Genant’s semiquantitative method. We employed the Bayesian Model Averaging method to search for the optimal model for predicting asymptomatic vertebral fractures. A predictive nomogram was also developed to facilitate risk prediction. Results: During a median of 2.38 years of follow-up, 13 men and 16 women developed an asymptomatic vertebral fracture, yielding the overall incidence rate of 28 fractures per 1000 person-years, or 33 fractures/1000 personyears in men and 24 fractures/1000 person-years in women, respectively. Most asymptomatic vertebral fractures were moderate, almost 1.5 times more common than mild fractures. The optimal model for predicting incident asymptomatic vertebral fractures included age, male sex and lower femoral neck T-score. The area under the receiver’s operating characteristic curve was 0.91, with 95% CI ranging from 0.86 to 0.96. Conclusions Asymptomatic vertebral fractures were relatively common among adults in Vietnam. A simple model with sex, age and femoral neck T-score is helpful for selective screening of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese individuals.

Objectives: Vertebral fractures are associated with disability and mortality, but most vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of and develop a predictive nomogram for asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese adults. Methods: This cohort study as a part of the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study involved 168 men and 287 women aged 50 years and older without a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture. Their spine x-rays were taken at the recruitment and subsequent 2-year visit. Vertebral fractures were ascertained using the Genant’s semiquantitative method. We employed the Bayesian Model Averaging method to search for the optimal model for predicting asymptomatic vertebral fractures. A predictive nomogram was also developed to facilitate risk prediction. Results: During a median of 2.38 years of follow-up, 13 men and 16 women developed an asymptomatic vertebral fracture, yielding the overall incidence rate of 28 fractures per 1000 person-years, or 33 fractures/1000 personyears in men and 24 fractures/1000 person-years in women, respectively. Most asymptomatic vertebral fractures were moderate, almost 1.5 times more common than mild fractures. The optimal model for predicting incident asymptomatic vertebral fractures included age, male sex and lower femoral neck T-score. The area under the receiver’s operating characteristic curve was 0.91, with 95% CI ranging from 0.86 to 0.96. Conclusions Asymptomatic vertebral fractures were relatively common among adults in Vietnam. A simple model with sex, age and femoral neck T-score is helpful for selective screening of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese individuals.

Objectives: Vertebral fractures are associated with disability and mortality, but most vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of and develop a predictive nomogram for asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese adults. Methods: This cohort study as a part of the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study involved 168 men and 287 women aged 50 years and older without a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture. Their spine x-rays were taken at the recruitment and subsequent 2-year visit. Vertebral fractures were ascertained using the Genant’s semiquantitative method. We employed the Bayesian Model Averaging method to search for the optimal model for predicting asymptomatic vertebral fractures. A predictive nomogram was also developed to facilitate risk prediction. Results: During a median of 2.38 years of follow-up, 13 men and 16 women developed an asymptomatic vertebral fracture, yielding the overall incidence rate of 28 fractures per 1000 person-years, or 33 fractures/1000 personyears in men and 24 fractures/1000 person-years in women, respectively. Most asymptomatic vertebral fractures were moderate, almost 1.5 times more common than mild fractures. The optimal model for predicting incident asymptomatic vertebral fractures included age, male sex and lower femoral neck T-score. The area under the receiver’s operating characteristic curve was 0.91, with 95% CI ranging from 0.86 to 0.96. Conclusions Asymptomatic vertebral fractures were relatively common among adults in Vietnam. A simple model with sex, age and femoral neck T-score is helpful for selective screening of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in Vietnamese individuals.