Cochlear Implantation ; Humans ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiology

Cognition ; Humans ; Vestibular Diseases ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

BACKGROUND: Bohmer and Straumann have proposed that downbeat nystagmus is due to an asymmetry of the geometry of the vertical semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth. This hypothesis does not predict any sustained change in vertical nystagmus when subjects are placed in a head-upside-down position. METHODS: Using the magnetic search coil technique, I measured vertical eye movements in darkness in three normal human subjects while they maintained head-erect or head-upside-down positions. RESULTS: Two subjects had upbeat nystagmus and one downbeat nystagmus with their heads erect (slow-phase velocity < 1 deg/sec). All developed sustained nystagmus with quick phases directed towards their chins while in the head-upside-down position. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that factors other than canal imbalance - otolithic or ocular - may also cause downbeat nystagmus.
Cerebellum ; Chin ; Darkness* ; Eye Movements ; Head ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Otolithic Membrane ; Semicircular Canals ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

This review focuses on our effort in addressing the development and lesion-induced plasticity of the gravity sensing system. After severance of sensory input from one inner ear, there is a bilateral imbalance in response dynamics and spatial coding behavior between neuronal subpopulations on the two sides. These data provide the basis for deranged spatial coding and motor deficits accompanying unilateral labyrinthectomy. Recent studies have also confirmed that both glutamate receptors and neurotrophin receptors within the bilateral vestibular nuclei are implicated in the plasticity during vestibular compensation and development. Changes in plasticity not only provide insight into the formation of a spatial map and recovery of vestibular function but also on the design of drugs for therapeutic strategies applicable to infants or vestibular disorders such as vertigo and dizziness.
Animals ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons ; physiology ; Otolithic Membrane ; innervation ; physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; innervation ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the normal values of vestibular autorotation test (VAT) in young people.

METHODSVAT was performed in 31 young people aged 20-30 years. The measured value were analyzed and compared with the reference normal value.

RESULTSThe measured values of VAT in healthy young people are almost within the normal range of the general population. Compared with the reference normal values, the horizontal gains at 2.0, 2.3, 2.7, 5.5, and 5.9 Hz, the vertical gains at 2.0 and 5.9 Hz, and the vertical phases at 2.0, 2.3, 2.7, 3.1, 3.5, and 3.9 Hz were significantly different (P < 0. 05). No significant difference was shown in the horizontal phases and asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONSThe normal values of VAT in young people is within the reference normal range of the general population. The vestibular function of young people may be more sensitive in lower frequency range (2-3Hz).

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Vestibular Function Tests ; standards ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; chemistry ; physiology ; Young Adult

Aged ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Larynx ; pathology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Partial resection of vestibular labyrinth has a great interest to all otologists and neurotologists. Various materials have been applied for occlusion of semicircular canals with different postoperative hearing results. However, the most suitable material for occlusion has not determined yet. Authors tried to compare the occlusion materials through a histologic study in experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) was transected, and the canal lumens were occluded with bone dust, muscle or bone wax in chinchillas. Thresholds for the auditory brainstem response (ABR) were measured after occlusion for two months, and histologic changes of LSCC were observed. RESULTS: Periosteal osteogenesis at the surgical defects of LSCC and perilymphatic fibrosis in the canal lumen were remarkable in the bone dust and muscle groups. The bone wax group showed minimal osteoneogenesis and some degree of perilymphatic inflammation (serous labyrinthitis). CONCLUSION: This study showed complications of each occlusion material. The proper selection of an occlusion material based on its characteristics seems to be important for a successful partial labyrinthectomy.
Animals ; Chinchilla* ; Dust ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Fibrosis ; Hearing ; Inflammation ; Osteogenesis ; Semicircular Canals* ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Intracranial lipomas are unfrequent tumors developed from mesenchymatous cells. The corpus callosum is the most frequent location (50%) in the intracranial regions, and these tumors are rarely present in the cerebellopontine angle, the internal acoustic meatus, or intravestibular lesions. With a review of literature, authors report a rare case of the left-sided intravestibular lipoma presented as sudden hearing loss in 17-year-old female. Furthermore, differential diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of lipomas are discussed in detail.
Acoustics ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Corpus Callosum ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Objective:To analyze the site of vestibular nerve damaged in patients with acute vestibular neuritis. Methods:Fifty-seven patients with acute vestibular neuritis were recruited, and each patient underwent caloric irrigation test, video head impulse test（vHIT） and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials（VEMPs）. The results were further analyzed. Results:Analysis of abnormal rates of different vestibular function tests: the abnormal rate of caloric irrigation test, horizontal semicircular canal vHIT, anterior semicircular canal vHIT, and posterior semicircular canal vHIT were 92.98%, 92.98%, 92.98%, and 52.63%, respectively. The abnormal rate of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials（cVEMP） and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials（oVEMP） were 52.63% and 89.47%. The abnormal rate of caloric irrigation test, horizontal semicircular canal vHIT, anterior semicircular canal vHIT, and oVEMP were significantly higher than posterior semicircular canal vHIT and cVEMP（P<0.01）. Combination analysis of different vestibular function tests: there are twenty-six patients（45.61%, superior and inferior vestibular nerve） with abnormal caloric irrigation test, video head impulse test, and VEMPs. There are twenty-five patients（43.86%, superior vestibular nerve） with abnormal caloric irrigation test, horizontal semicircular canal vHIT, anterior semicircular canal vHIT, and oVEMP. There are 4 patients（7.02%, inferior vestibular nerve） with abnormal posterior semicircular canal vHIT and cVEMP. There are two patients（3.51%, ampullary vestibular nerve） with abnormal caloric irrigation test, horizontal semicircular canal vHIT, and anterior semicircular canal vHIT. The rate of superior and inferior vestibular neuritis and superior vestibular neuritis were significantly higher than inferior vestibular neuritis and ampullary vestibular neuritis（P<0.01）. Conclusion:Acute vestibular neuritis subtypes can be divided into four categories: superior and inferior vestibular neuritis, superior vestibular neuritis, inferior vestibular neuritis, and ampullary vestibular neuritis. Video head impulse test can accurately assess the site of vestibular nerve damage in patients with acute vestibular neuritis. In addition, vHIT combined with VEMPs can provide objective evidence for the diagnosis of ampullary vestibular neuritis.
Humans ; Vestibular Neuronitis/diagnosis* ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; Vestibular Nerve ; Semicircular Canals ; Head Impulse Test/methods*

Isolated otolith dysfunction(iOD) involves a group of unexplained vestibular syndromes that manifest clinically as a sense of translation, tilting or floating, and blurred vision with head movement, with normal semicircular canal function but abnormal otolith function on laboratory vestibular testing. As vestibular medicine has gained widespread popularity in recent years, increasing attention has also been paid to iOD and case reports, clinical studies and diagnostic criteria have been published. However, there is no consensus document to guide the diagnosis of this disease in China. In this context, the Special Committee on Vertigo of China Medical Education Association organized a group of domestic experts in vestibular medicine and formulated this diagnostic consensus after thorough discussion based on the latest evidence in China and abroad, in order to promote the best clinical practice for iOD.
Humans ; Otolithic Membrane ; Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Vertigo/diagnosis* ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; Semicircular Canals