Objective: Present communication deals with the study of antihepatotoxic activity and molecular prediction of compounds isolated from Phyllanthus debelis in order to search lead compound. Methods: Five compounds from the whole plant of P. debelis were subjected to molecular properties prediction and drug-likeness by Lipinski rule of five & Molinspiration software. Results: All the compounds were found in compliance with Lipinski ‘Rule of Five’ except the Milog P valve of compound No. I-IV were found above five means these compounds have less permeability across the cell membrane. The Milog P valve of Compound No V & standard compound silibinin VI were found below five, suggest that the molecules have good permeability across the cell membrane. In respect of TPSA, all the compounds were within the limit i.e. 160 ?. The bioactivity score was also calculated for GPCR ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand. All the compound showed activity through enzyme inhibition.Conclusions:Our study shows that compound V debelolactone has good drug likeness score with no violations & good bioactivity score as compared to silibinin which is potent hepatoprotective drug. So compound V debelolactone can be a lead compound with hepatoprotective activity from Phyllanthus debelis.

Objective: To explore and document the information regarding usage of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants utilized by rural farmers and traditional herbal healers for livestock healthcare in Tikamgarh District of Bundelkhnad, Central India. Methods: The remote villages of Tikamgarh district were regularly visited from July 2011 to June 2012. Following the methods of Jain and Goel (1995) information regarding the usage of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants was collected.Results:various plant parts and their combinations for the treatment of more than 36 diseases in the studied area. Trees (17 species) were found to be the most used Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants followed by herbs (15 species), shrubs (6 species) and grasses (3) in descending order. The most common diseases cough, diarrhoea and fever were treated by 04 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species.Conclusions:The present study recommended that the crop and medicinal plant genetic A total of 41 plant species in 39 genera and 25 families were used traditionally with resources cannot be conserved and protected without conserving/managing of the agro-ecosystem or natural habitat of medicinal plants and the socio-cultural organization of the local people. The same may be applied to protect indigenous knowledge, related to the use of medicinal and other wild plants. Introduction of medicinal plants in degraded government and common lands could be another option for promoting the rural economy together with environmental conservation, but has not received attention in the land rehabilitation programs in this region.

Objective: The objective of these 4 case reports is to highlight that psychotic symptom can occur due to the consumption of sibutramine. The psychosis is usually self-remitting, once its consumption is stopped. Methods: All cases with first episode psychosis presenting to a tertiary mental health Institute in Singapore were screened and 4 consecutive sibutramine-induced psychoses cases are reported. Results: All the 4 cases that were diagnosed with Sibutramine induced psychoses, had history of consumption of the substance in the tablet form or in substances like slimming tea or slimming powders. In 2 out of the 4 cases, no antipsychotics were started. In the 2 cases that received antipsychotics, they were for short duration. There was a temporal association between the consumption of sibutramine containing substances and the onset of psychotic symptoms. All patients were on follow up for two years and in 2 patients, there were no recurrence of psychotic symptoms. In 2 patient recurrent psychotic symptoms were temporally related with consumption of sibutramine and symptoms remitted when the consumption was stopped. Conclusions: Despite sibutramine being banned in several countries, it can still be purchased from countries allowing its sale and from online stores. Labeling a patient having schizophrenia can be avoided if detailed history, specifically enquiring about the consumption of sibutramine is obtained.

Objective: To isolate, partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively. Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions (1: 20 and 1: 40) and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay (a colorimetric assay) using breast cancer cell line MCF-7, with tamoxifen as standard.Results:One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay. Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined, by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder, as of 15 kDa. The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.Conclusions:Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction. Further investigation into the mechanism(s) of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a developmental anomaly and is characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations as well as the presence of numerous supernumerary and unerupted teeth. A 16-year-old patient presented with an unaesthetic facial appearance due to unerupted front teeth. General examination showed the absence of the clavicles, a brachiocephalic skull with frontal bossing and a depressed nasal bridge with concave facial profile. Radiographic examination showed multiple supernumerary teeth, rudimentary clavicles with a bell shaped rib cage and an open sagittal suture. A final diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia was made and comprehensive management was planned which involved multi disciplinary approach. The role of dentist is vital in the early diagnosis and management of such cases which require interdisciplinary cooperation for better results.

Adenoma ; complications ; pathology ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Aripiprazole ; Benzodiazepines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bromocriptine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Dopamine Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hormone Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; complications ; etiology ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Quinolones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Risperidone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; Serotonin Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Trifluoperazine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

Objective: Dengue associated hypokalemic paralysis (DHP) is an unusual neurological complication of dengue fever. This was a retrospective study of patients with DHP compared with idiopathic hypokalemic paralysis (IHP) seen in a tertiary centre in North India. Methods: Dengue was diagnosed by positive nonstructural protein (NS) 1 antigen and dengue-IgM antibody. Various clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with DHP and IHP. Results: DHP was seen in 18 out of 489 (3.7%) dengue patients seen in the 4-years study period. Complications of bulbar weakness or respiratory failure developed in 6/18 (33.3%) of DHP patients. DHP patients with complications had higher hematocrit (p<0.001), lower platelet count (p=0.002), lower serum potassium (p=0.007) and higher creatinekinase (CK) (p<0.001) as compared to those without complications. When compared to IHP, DHP patients had fever at admission (p<0.001); myalgia (p<0.001); no past episodes (p=0.032); greater disability (p=0.02); lower serum potassium (p=0.0338); higher CK (p=0.001); and nerve conduction abnormalities (p=0.035). Conclusions: DHP should be suspected in patients who present with acute onset muscle weakness associated with fever. Predictors of complications in DHP include high hematocrit, low platelet count, low serum potassium and raised CK.
Dengue Virus ; Dengue

Background: Third molar (M3) agenesis and impaction are associated with evolution, changed dietary habits, and human jaw growth. The aim of the study was to radiographically evaluate the prevalence of M3s agenesis, impacted M3s with different impaction patterns, and the approximation of Inferior Dental Canal (IDC) with impacted mandibular M3s roots among the Sriganganagar population. Methods: The study included 700 randomly selected subjects from OPD with an age range of 25–45 years. Digital OPGs were taken for all subjects using Kodak 8000C digital OPG machine. The M3 impaction patterns were evaluated using Winter’s classification. Results: The prevalence of subjects with at least one M3 agenesis was found to be 34.1% and with 95% confidence interval was 30.6% to 37.6%. The overall M3s agenesis was 16.8% with more prevalence in the males. The patients with agenesis of one M3, two M3s, three M3s, and four M3s were 14.4%, 11.3%, 3.7% and 4.7%, respectively. M3 agenesis was more in the upper jaw and on the left side. The total impacted M3s were 21.11% with more prevalence in mixed diet subjects. Mesioangular was most common impaction pattern, and notching was most prevalent IDC relationship with impacted mandibular M3s roots. Conclusion: This study highlighted the evolutionary increasing M3 agenesis and the importance of diagnostic OPG for seeing the status of M3s in jaws.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of migraine-like headache with paresis of ocular cranial nerves. To date, the exact etiology of ophthalmoplegic migraine remains unknown. We report a 9-year-old girl with typical clinical features of ophthalmoplegic migraine. She presented to us shortly after onset of her fi fth episode. The initial episodes of opthalmoplegia used to last for about 2-3 months with gradual and complete recovery. Brain MRI with contrast study revealed a thickened, enhancing right oculomotor nerve in the cisternal segment during the acute phase of ophthalmoplegia. She was treated with steroid for two weeks as well as with divalproex sodium for prophylaxis of migraine. There was complete recovery of ophthalmoplegia after four weeks of treatment with complete resolution of third nerve enhancement on repeat imaging. There were no further episodes of ophthalmoplegia within a follow up period of one year. Steroid therapy may hasten the recovery of ophthalmoplegia and prophylactic treatment of migraine may reduce the episodes and severity of ophthalmoplegic migraine.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus commonly presents with vesicular eruptions of skin along a dermatome and post herpetic neuralgia. Viral invasion into the intracranial vessel and resultant arteritis is rare complication, reported mainly in elderly, children and immunocompromised individuals. We report a young immunocompetent male who reported to us with acute right sided hemiparesis following an episode of left sided herpes zoster ophthalmicus three months prior to stroke. Patient had a near complete recovery of his weakness without any treatment with persistent mild dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed subacute infarct in left middle cerebral artery territory. Magnetic resonance angiogram demonstrated marked narrowing of the proximal segment of left middle cerebral artery. This case highlights herpes zoster ophthalmicus as one of the causes of stroke in young with good prognosis.