Objective: Present communication deals with the study of antihepatotoxic activity and molecular prediction of compounds isolated from Phyllanthus debelis in order to search lead compound. Methods: Five compounds from the whole plant of P. debelis were subjected to molecular properties prediction and drug-likeness by Lipinski rule of five & Molinspiration software. Results: All the compounds were found in compliance with Lipinski ‘Rule of Five’ except the Milog P valve of compound No. I-IV were found above five means these compounds have less permeability across the cell membrane. The Milog P valve of Compound No V & standard compound silibinin VI were found below five, suggest that the molecules have good permeability across the cell membrane. In respect of TPSA, all the compounds were within the limit i.e. 160 ?. The bioactivity score was also calculated for GPCR ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, nuclear receptor ligand. All the compound showed activity through enzyme inhibition.Conclusions:Our study shows that compound V debelolactone has good drug likeness score with no violations & good bioactivity score as compared to silibinin which is potent hepatoprotective drug. So compound V debelolactone can be a lead compound with hepatoprotective activity from Phyllanthus debelis.

Objective: To explore and document the information regarding usage of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants utilized by rural farmers and traditional herbal healers for livestock healthcare in Tikamgarh District of Bundelkhnad, Central India. Methods: The remote villages of Tikamgarh district were regularly visited from July 2011 to June 2012. Following the methods of Jain and Goel (1995) information regarding the usage of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants was collected.Results:various plant parts and their combinations for the treatment of more than 36 diseases in the studied area. Trees (17 species) were found to be the most used Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants followed by herbs (15 species), shrubs (6 species) and grasses (3) in descending order. The most common diseases cough, diarrhoea and fever were treated by 04 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species.Conclusions:The present study recommended that the crop and medicinal plant genetic A total of 41 plant species in 39 genera and 25 families were used traditionally with resources cannot be conserved and protected without conserving/managing of the agro-ecosystem or natural habitat of medicinal plants and the socio-cultural organization of the local people. The same may be applied to protect indigenous knowledge, related to the use of medicinal and other wild plants. Introduction of medicinal plants in degraded government and common lands could be another option for promoting the rural economy together with environmental conservation, but has not received attention in the land rehabilitation programs in this region.

Objective: The objective of these 4 case reports is to highlight that psychotic symptom can occur due to the consumption of sibutramine. The psychosis is usually self-remitting, once its consumption is stopped. Methods: All cases with first episode psychosis presenting to a tertiary mental health Institute in Singapore were screened and 4 consecutive sibutramine-induced psychoses cases are reported. Results: All the 4 cases that were diagnosed with Sibutramine induced psychoses, had history of consumption of the substance in the tablet form or in substances like slimming tea or slimming powders. In 2 out of the 4 cases, no antipsychotics were started. In the 2 cases that received antipsychotics, they were for short duration. There was a temporal association between the consumption of sibutramine containing substances and the onset of psychotic symptoms. All patients were on follow up for two years and in 2 patients, there were no recurrence of psychotic symptoms. In 2 patient recurrent psychotic symptoms were temporally related with consumption of sibutramine and symptoms remitted when the consumption was stopped. Conclusions: Despite sibutramine being banned in several countries, it can still be purchased from countries allowing its sale and from online stores. Labeling a patient having schizophrenia can be avoided if detailed history, specifically enquiring about the consumption of sibutramine is obtained.

Objective: To isolate, partially purify and evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a serine protease from the chosen Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Methods:Whole animal extract was prepared and purified its protein constituents by size and charge based chromatographic separation techniques using Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Cellulose resin respectively. Average molecular weight of the protein isolate was determined and analyzed for its cytotoxic property against Vero cells in different dilutions (1: 20 and 1: 40) and anti-tumor activity by MTT assay (a colorimetric assay) using breast cancer cell line MCF-7, with tamoxifen as standard.Results:One of the protein constituents after purification was characterized as serine protease by Caseinolytic plate diffusion assay. Average molecular weight of this purified isolate was determined, by SDS-PAGE analysis with standard protein ladder, as of 15 kDa. The performed tests suggested that the 15kDa fraction has potent cytotoxic activity and satisfactory antitumor activity as well in vitro.Conclusions:Exact molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic and antitumor activities is yet to be explored and currently we are working on ultra-purification and biophysical characterization of this fraction. Further investigation into the mechanism(s) of cytotoxic and antitumor activities at molecular level would be useful in treatment of various classes of cancer and viral infections in future.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a developmental anomaly and is characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations as well as the presence of numerous supernumerary and unerupted teeth. A 16-year-old patient presented with an unaesthetic facial appearance due to unerupted front teeth. General examination showed the absence of the clavicles, a brachiocephalic skull with frontal bossing and a depressed nasal bridge with concave facial profile. Radiographic examination showed multiple supernumerary teeth, rudimentary clavicles with a bell shaped rib cage and an open sagittal suture. A final diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia was made and comprehensive management was planned which involved multi disciplinary approach. The role of dentist is vital in the early diagnosis and management of such cases which require interdisciplinary cooperation for better results.

The concentration of sodium chloride is of prime importance in the initiation and reversal of sperm quiescence in the cauda epididymis. Other factors such as inorganic and organic constituents of the luminal fluid are of secondary importance and might assist in inducing sperm quiescence.

Adenoma ; complications ; pathology ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Aripiprazole ; Benzodiazepines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bromocriptine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Dopamine Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hormone Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; complications ; etiology ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Quinolones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Risperidone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; Serotonin Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Trifluoperazine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in trauma patients preceded only by traumatic brain injury. But hemorrhagic shock is the most common cause of preventable death within 6 hours of admission. Traumatic coagulopathy is a hypocoagulable state that occurs in the most severely injured. International normalized ratio (INR) and its relationship with trauma mortality have not been studied specifically. This study aimed to establish a predictive value of INR for trauma-related mortality. METHODS: A total of 99 trauma patients aged 18–70 years were included in the study. Their INR was determined and patient progression was followed up till death/discharge. According to previous retrospective studies, the cutoff value for INR in our study was kept at 1.5. RESULTS: The total mortality rate of the patients was 16.16％ (16/99). The mean INR was 1.45 with a SD of 1.35. INR was deranged in a total of 14 patients (14.14％). Of these patients, 11 died (78.57％) and 3 survived. INR was deranged in 11 (68.75％) of the 16 patients who died, but 5 deaths (31.25％) had normal INR values. The sensitivity of INR was 69％ (95％CI 41％–88％) and the specificity 96％ (95％CI 90％–99％). The diagnostic accuracy of INR was 92％ (95％CI 85％–96％). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 79％ (95％CI 49％–95％) and 94％ (95％CI 87％–98％), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that INR is a good predictor of mortality in trauma patients.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of migraine-like headache with paresis of ocular cranial nerves. To date, the exact etiology of ophthalmoplegic migraine remains unknown. We report a 9-year-old girl with typical clinical features of ophthalmoplegic migraine. She presented to us shortly after onset of her fi fth episode. The initial episodes of opthalmoplegia used to last for about 2-3 months with gradual and complete recovery. Brain MRI with contrast study revealed a thickened, enhancing right oculomotor nerve in the cisternal segment during the acute phase of ophthalmoplegia. She was treated with steroid for two weeks as well as with divalproex sodium for prophylaxis of migraine. There was complete recovery of ophthalmoplegia after four weeks of treatment with complete resolution of third nerve enhancement on repeat imaging. There were no further episodes of ophthalmoplegia within a follow up period of one year. Steroid therapy may hasten the recovery of ophthalmoplegia and prophylactic treatment of migraine may reduce the episodes and severity of ophthalmoplegic migraine.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus commonly presents with vesicular eruptions of skin along a dermatome and post herpetic neuralgia. Viral invasion into the intracranial vessel and resultant arteritis is rare complication, reported mainly in elderly, children and immunocompromised individuals. We report a young immunocompetent male who reported to us with acute right sided hemiparesis following an episode of left sided herpes zoster ophthalmicus three months prior to stroke. Patient had a near complete recovery of his weakness without any treatment with persistent mild dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed subacute infarct in left middle cerebral artery territory. Magnetic resonance angiogram demonstrated marked narrowing of the proximal segment of left middle cerebral artery. This case highlights herpes zoster ophthalmicus as one of the causes of stroke in young with good prognosis.