Background: A/H5N1 influenza virus spreads from birds to humans and cause influenza diseases with high mortality rate. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect communities from pandemic, reduce morbidity and mortality. The study of creating A/H5N1 influenza vaccines in conformity with Vietnam was the urgent need. Institute of Vaccine\u2019s Achievement (IVAC) studied production of inactivated influenza vaccine for human on egg-grown from reassortants NIBRG-14. Objectives: In order to produce experimentally A/H5N1 influenza vaccine for human in accordance with WHO requirements and set up a viable process for production of the vaccines. Subjects and method: 10 days embryonated eggs and NIBRG-14 strains were served to the study with LAL method to check endotoxin, Kijehdal method to test total protein. Results: IVAC had produced successfully 5 lots of absorbed vaccine A/H5N1 (FLUVAC) using NIBRG-14 strains and embryonated eggs. Initially, production and quality control processes had been set up at IVAC by applying the recommendations of WHO. Conclusion: The success of the study was a basis of the approval of the government to establish a influenza vaccine manufacturing facilities.
Influenza A Virus ; H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; Humans ; Eggs

Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is common in the plains and mountainous areas in Asia \u2013 Pacific. Japanese encephalitis vaccine shows effectiveness in protecting children from JE in some countries such as Japan and Korea. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination in Thai Binh province during 2003-2007. Subject and Method: Prospective, retrospective and sero-epidemiological methods were carried out on 329 samples collected from viral encephalitis patients and tested by JE MAC-ELISA, the positive average was 41.6% (137/329). Result: It had dramatically dropped from 85.2% in 2003 to 8.5 % in 2007 related to the rate of JE vaccination for children from 1 to 5 years old increasing from 49 % in 2003 to 77 % in 2007. Most of JE confirmed cases were un-vaccinated. Conclusion: JE etiology cause viral encephalitis in children in Thai Binh province was reduced thanks to JE vaccination in EPI program for 1 to 5 year old children. But more than 96% (131/136) of viral encephalitis in 15 years old upward was unknown etiology, the need for further study of the etiology cause viral encephalitis in adults.
Japanese encephalitis ; virus encephalitis ; MAC-ELISA ; Vaccine

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in terms of the fertilization rate and embryo quality using sibling oocyte cycles. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study collected data from 76 couples who underwent their first cycle at the Hue Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Vietnam, between May 2019 and November 2021. The inclusion criteria were cycles with at least eight oocytes and a sperm concentration of 5×106/mL. Sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), fertilization, and the quality of cleavage-stage embryos on day 2 and blastocysts on day 5 were examined. Results: From 76 ICSI cycles, 1,196 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were retrieved, half of which were randomly allocated to either the PICSI (n=592) or ICSI (n=604) treatment group. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fertilization (72.80% vs. 75.33%, p=0.32), day 2 cleavage rate (95.13% vs. 96.04%, p=0.51), blastulation rate (52.68% vs. 57.89%), and high-quality blastocyst rate (26.10% vs. 31.13%, p=0.13). However, in cases where SDF was low, 59 cycles consisting of 913 MII oocytes produced a considerably higher blastulation rate with PICSI than with ICSI (50.49% vs. 35.65%, p=0.00). There were no significant differences between the pregnancy outcomes of the PICSI and ICSI embryo groups following embryo transfer. Conclusion Using variable sperm quality provided no benefit for PICSI versus ICSI in terms of embryo outcomes. When SDF is low, PICSI appears to be able to produce more blastocysts.

As the associations of sperm DNA fragmentation with morphology have not been examined in detail, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormalities of morphological details and DNA integrity in human sperm. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, men from infertile couples were enrolled at Hue Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Vietnam. Conventional semen parameters, including morphological details, were analyzed following the World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using a sperm chromatin dispersion assay. The relationships and correlations between semen parameters, sperm morphology, and the type of halosperm and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were analyzed. Results: Among 130 men in infertile couples, statistically significant differences were not found in the sperm halo type between the normal and abnormal sperm morphology groups. The percentage of round-head spermatozoa was higher in the DFI >15% group (16.98%±12.50%) than in the DFI ≤15% group (13.13% ±8.82%), higher values for amorphous heads were found in the DFI >15% group, and lower values for tapered heads were observed in the DFI ≤15% group; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Small-halo sperm and the DFI were positively correlated with round-head sperm (r=0.243, p=0.005 and r=0.197, p=0.025, respectively). Conclusion: The rate of general sperm morphological abnormalities in semen analysis was not related to sperm DNA integrity. However, round sperm heads were closely associated with sperm DNA fragmentation.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

The severe gummy smile and a skeletal class II profile pose challenges in treatment. This case report outlines an effective alternative for addressing these problems in a patient with skeletal class II division 2, class II molar relationship, retroclination of upper incisors, and lip protrusion. Treatment objectives included normalizing the overjet and overbite, improving the gummy smile, and establishing a satisfactory occlusion. A three-dimensional simulation was performed to consult with the patient, assess possible results, and predict treatment biomechanics. The treatment involved the use of two zygomatic and one inter-radicular temporary anchorage devices, along with botulinum toxin. After the 2-year follow-up, a satisfactory dental occlusion, aesthetic improvement, and adequate function were achieved. This approach offers a viable alternative to orthognathic surgery for adults with skeletal class II malocclusion and a severe gummy smile due to hypermobile lip.

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.

The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is established as a causative agent of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and lowering plasma LDL-C levels represents the main approach to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Statins remain the cornerstone of drug therapy for dyslipidemia. Although moderate- to high- intensity statin therapy has demonstrated consistent benefits for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, statin monotherapy is insufficient to achieve the guideline-recommended LDL-C levels for high- and very high-risk patients. Some patients cannot tolerate statins, especially when taking long-term high doses. Several non-statin drugs that have a complementary mechanism of action to statins are now available, including ezetimibe, monoclonal antibodies targeted to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9 mAb), and, more recently, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, and evinacumab. Considering the recommendations from guidelines by domestic and international cardiovascular associations, combining these drugs should be contemplated to attain treatment goals for patients.