Hemorrhage;Postpartum Period; Uterine Inertia; prevention & control; 777 postpartum women were studied at Tu Du Obstetric and Gynecology Hospital, HCM city. Rectal misoprostol of 400mg was well tolerated and effective to reduce hemorrhage amount and to shorten the 3rd phase of labor just after the delivery. The procedure is simple with low cost, easy to use in remote areas of the country contributing in lowering obstetric accidents and mortality.
Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period ; Uterine Inertia ; prevention & control

We report a case of unrecognized uterine inversion was restored spontaneously without surgical intervention. Initially, the case was diagnosed as uterine atony and not uterine inversion and was managed successfully with uterine artery embolization. However, a partial uterine inversion was detected on a subsequent scheduled pelvic examination. Fortunately, her uterus was completely restored without any surgical intervention on eighth week after delivery.
Gynecological Examination ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Uterine Artery Embolization ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterine Inversion* ; Uterus

The objective is to evaluate the rate and indications of cesarean delivery. All live birth>27weeks at the Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University from 1993 to 1997(n=24,227) were respectively analyzed of delivery route, indication of cesarean birth, gestational age, and matemal age. The most common maternal age was between 26-30 years(49.6%). The most common gestational age was over 36 weeks(91.2%). Total cesarean rate was 22.3%(5,396/24,227), and primary rate was 13.6%(3,296/24,227). The annual primary cesarean birth rate and number increased gradually. Abnormal presentation was the most common indication(24.3%, 801/3,296) at primary cesarean deliveries. The second common indication was CPD(18.87%, 622/3,296). We experienced four cases of cesarean hysterectomy due to uterine atony and placenta previa. Further evaluation will be needed about the relationship between cesarean deliveries and long term fetal outcome, and the effort for VBAC will be needed.
Birth Rate ; Gestational Age ; Hysterectomy ; Maternal Age ; Parturition ; Placenta Previa ; Uterine Inertia

Postpartum hemorrhage is an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Especially uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Conventional method to control postpartum uterine atonic bleeding is based on the use of oxytocin and ergot preparations. Prostaglandin F2alpha analogue such as carboprost can be used to promote contraction when these agents fail to produce uterine contraction. Prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol has uterotonic effect by oral or vaginal administration. They are used to induce labor and first or mid trimester abortion. In postpartum uterine atonic bleeding, misoprostols cannot be used via oral or vaginal route. Recently we have experienced that postpartum uterine atonic bleedings unresponsive to conventional methods were controlled by rectal misoprostols. So we report these cases with a brief review of literatures.
Administration, Intravaginal ; Alprostadil ; Carboprost ; Dinoprost ; Hemorrhage* ; Maternal Mortality ; Misoprostol* ; Oxytocin ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period* ; Uterine Contraction ; Uterine Inertia

The management of postpartum hemorrhage remains one of the significant challenges to clinical practitioners of obstetrics. Massive postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal death and morbidity. Early postpartum hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the first 24 hours after delivery; late of delayed postpartum hemorrhage occurs more than 24 hours but less than six weeks after delivery. Uterine atony remains the most common cause with many patients presenting with no known risk factors. Postpartum bleeding can result from uterine atony, genital tract lacerations or hematomas, retained placenta, uterine inversion and acquired or inherited coagulopathies. Every obstetrics unit should have protocols available to deal with hemorrhage and have specific guidelines for patients who object to blood transfusions for various reasons. Placement and utilization of arterial catheters for uterine artery embolization is becoming more widespread. Timely hysterectomy should be performed for signs of refractory bleeding. Application of medical and surgical principles combined with recent new technologic advances will help the obstetrician avoid disastrous outcomes for both mother and fetus.
Blood Transfusion ; Catheters ; Fetus ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lacerations ; Maternal Death ; Mothers ; Obstetrics ; Placenta, Retained ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Artery Embolization ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterine Inversion

A 30-year-old female underwent emergency cesarean section with general anesthesia. In the past history, she has no specific problem. After delivery of fetus and placenta, there was continuous uterine bleeding due to uterine atony. Surgeon injected 1 mg of sulprostone (prostaglandin E2) into the uterine muscle and 1 mg of sulprostone was injected intravenously. One hour after sulprostone injection, high fever was detected. Sulprostone has been known to have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, uterine rupture, pulmonary edema and fever. Therefore, when we inject sulprostone into the uterine atonic bleeding patient, it is necessary to pay attention to fever for it's complication, in giving overdose.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical ; Animals ; Cesarean Section* ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetus ; Fever* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Nausea ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterine Rupture ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical indications and incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy by dermographic characteristics by a retrospective review based on hospital data of 98 patients over 8 years. METHODS: We reviewed their medical records of the 98 cases of peripartum hysterectomy among 50,338 deliveries, from January. 1992 to December. 1999, at St Mary, Kang Nam St Mary, and Holy Family hospital of Catholic University. RESULTS: The total incidence of peripartum hysterectomy was 98/50,338 (0.19%), Cesarean hysterectomy was performed in 96 of 22,561 Cesarean sections (0.43%) and in 2 of 27,777 vaginal deliveries (0.01%). The higher the age, the higher incidence of peripartum hysterectomy was noted and the most common indication for hysterectomy was abnormal adherent placentation (45.48%) followed by uterine atony (39.80%). During peripartum hysterectomy, patients were transfused with mean 10.04 pints. Although one maternal death occurred, maternal morbidity remained high (51.02%), including postoperative febrile condition in 15 (15.3%), intraoperative urologic injury in 11 patients (11.2%). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between advancing age and incidence of peripartum hysterectomy. The data identify abnormal adherent placentation as the primary cause for peripartum hysterectomy and then considering the mean volume of blood loss more than 10 pints of blood should be prepared before emergency hysterectomy.
Cesarean Section ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Maternal Death ; Medical Records ; Peripartum Period* ; Placentation ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Inertia

OBJECTIVE: To access the pregnancy tendency and delivery in women aged 40 years and older. METHODS: From January 1999 to June 2001, 7882 deliveries were in Gacheon Medical School. Among them we compared 95 cases of pregnant women aged 40 years and older with 94 cases of those aged under 40 years as a control group. RESULTS: The parity was higher in women aged older than 40 years compared to control group. Number of prenatal special studies was higher in women aged older than 40 years (n=82) compared to control group (n=14). In modes of delivery and indications for c/sec, there were no difference in two groups. There were no difference in prenatal complications between two groups. But, number of cases related to placenta previa, myoma and anemia were increased in women aged older than 40 years. In postpartum complications, uterine atony and hysterectomy, postpartum bleeding and placenta accreta were higher in women aged older than 40 years compared to control group. CONCLUSION: For pregnant women aged 40 years and older, a careful approach and appropriate management will be necessary for good pregnant outcome.
Anemia ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Myoma ; Parity ; Placenta Accreta ; Placenta Previa ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Schools, Medical ; Uterine Inertia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and identify the role of interventional procedure of tamponade treatment with modified Sengstaken-Blankemore (S-B) tube on control of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) unresponsive to conventional medical treatment. METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively on the clinical records of 90 patients who had experienced PPH at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of OO University Hospital from February, 2000 to September, 2005. We have actively applied tamponade balloon since 2004. As a result, tamponade balloon were applied to 17 patients. Medical records were reviewed such as clinical status, cause of bleeding, volume of balloon, duration of balloon, complication, success rate and additional treatment. RESULTS: We have overall success rate of tamponade balloon in 11 (64.7%) of 17 patients of PPH. The causes of bleeding were subinvolution of uterus (100%), uterine atony (80%) and abnormal placentation (20%) in order of success rate. There was no major complication related to the tamponade procedure. We had compared final treatment during two period (before tamponade use v.s after tamponade use). 15 (33.3%) received invasive procedure and 8 (17.8%) received hysterectomy before tamponade use. However 10 (22.2%) received invasive procedure and just 1 (2.2%) received hysterectomy after tamponade use. CONCLUSION: Tamponade with modified S-B tube is effective on PPH unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and cuts down additional invasive procedure when tamponade treatment failed.
Gynecology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Medical Records ; Obstetrics ; Placentation ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Inertia ; Uterus

Vesicovaginal fistula may be a complication of gynecologic and obstetric procedures, of which abdominal hysterectomy remains as the most common cause. Although there are a number of transvaginal or transabdominal surgical techniques for the correction of this condition, we performed a laparoscopic repair to reduce the morbidity of the transabdominal approach. A 44-year-old woman presented with urinary incontinence after undergoing Cesarean hysterectomy for uterine atony eight years ago. After confirming her vesicovaginal fistula, laparoscopic repair was performed. The bladder and vaginal walls were mobilized by meticulous dissection and repaired by intracorporeal stitches in 2 layers followed by omental interposition. Total operative time was 3 and half hours and estimated blood loss was about 400 ml. Foley catheter was removed at 23rd day after operation. Patient was discharged at 26th day after confirming the complete correction of the fistula by cystogram. Laparoscopic repair of a vesicovaginal fistula appears to be a safe and effective procedure. We report this case with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Catheters ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Operative Time ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Uterine Inertia ; Vesicovaginal Fistula