In order to study the association between lower urinary tract infection and cystitis glandularis (CG), 120 cases of CG were diagnosed by cystoscopic biopsy in the suspicious foci of the bladder. Among them, 72 cases were subjected to bacterial counting culture of urine and microscopic examination of urinary sediment, and 60 cases to fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) assay to detect HPV, CMV and HSV DNA in urine samples. In the 72 cases of CG, the positive rate of bacterial counting culture of urine was 15.3% (11/72), and gray zone rate was 18.1% (13/72). 31.9% (23/72) patients were positive in bacterioscopy of urinary sediment. There was statistically significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Only 4 of 60 urine samples were positive by FQ-PCR in detection of the three viruses mentioned above with the positive rate being 6.67%. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It was concluded that the genesis of CG was closely correlated with the chronic lower urinary tract infection, especially caused by Esch coli.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; *Escherichia coli Infections ; Metaplasia ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

To study the relationship between bacterial infection and the etiology of cystitis glandularis, 36 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. No intervention was given to the rats in the blank group. NS was infused into the bladder of the rats of the control group, and solution containing E. coli was injected into the bladder of experimental group. Three months later, tissue samples of bladder were collected and observed visually and under light microscope. The results showed that tissues of the blank group were normal; one sample in the control group showed Brunn's nests and cystitis cystica, and 10 in the experimental group had the change of cystitis glandularis. Compared to the blank and control group, samples in the experimental group showed significant change (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between blank group and control group (P>0.05). It is concluded that bladder instillation of E. coli can induce cystitis glandularis, which confirms that infection is the cause of cystitis glandularis.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/*microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*pathology ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

In order to study the association between lower urinary tract infection and cystitis glandularis (CG), 120 cases of CG were diagnosed by cystoscopic biopsy in the suspicious foci of the bladder. Among them, 72 cases were subjected to bacterial counting culture of urine and microscopic examination of urinary sediment, and 60 cases to fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) assay to detect HPV, CMV and HSV DNA in urine samples. In the 72 cases of CG, the positive rate of bacterial counting culture of urine was 15.3% (11/72), and gray zone rate was 18.1% (13/72). 31.9% (23/72) patients were positive in bacterioscopy of urinary sediment. There was statistically significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Only 4 of 60 urine samples were positive by FQ-PCR in detection of the three viruses mentioned above with the positive rate being 6.67%. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It was concluded that the genesis of CG was closely correlated with the chronic lower urinary tract infection, especially caused by Esch coli.
Adult ; Cystitis ; etiology ; microbiology ; pathology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder ; microbiology ; pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology

Urinary incontinence is the most common urinary symptom in children and causes considerable anxiety in children and parents. In most cases, there is no underlying organic pathology and the long- term prognosis is excellent. Despite these reassuring facts, children with wetting problems can be a challenge for primary pediatrician. This is probably because the problem is poorly understood, there is no readily identifiable medical pathology, and because treatment is usually time consuming and arduous. There is a great demand for treatment because wetting is an unpleasant symptom that can cause a stress and anxiety in the family. There may also be other coexisting problems such as urinary tract infection, constipation, soiling, and behavioral or emotional difficulties. Despite the frequency and vexing nature of voiding dysfunction, physicians may not always obtain a careful history to identify and to treat children properly with this condition. This article addresses the comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to such children.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Constipation ; Humans ; Outpatients* ; Parents ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Soil ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract Infections

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features, renal damage and prognosis of primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children, hoping to give more attention to early recognition and treatment of the disease.

METHODSBetween June 1995 and December 2006, 974 patient were admitted in our hospital because of urinary tract infection (UTI), 139 primary VUR children were enrolled in the retrospective study. VUR grades, renal scar development, renal ultrasound and urinalysis were evaluated.

RESULTSThe incidence of VUR in UTI children was 14.3% (139/974), however, the incidence in infants and toddlers (younger than two years of age) was 17.2% (79/458), which was greatly higher than that in school children. Of the 139 children, 79(56.8%) were younger than two years and the number of boys was much larger than that of girls (P = 0.001). Bilateral reflux was found in 69 cases, unilateral in 70 cases; the percentages of mild reflux (grade I-II) was 19.7% (41/208), moderate reflux (grade III) was 35.6% (74/208), severe reflux (grade IV-V) was 44.7% (93/208). Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning was performed for 135 patients, and renal scar was found in 37% (50/135), and the rate of scar in infants was the highest (42.4%), and 30 (60%) patients with renal scar were younger than two years of age. Among them five patients were found to have renal scar during the follow up period, four of them were younger than two years. The rate of renal scar in moderate and severe reflux was much higher than that in mild reflux cases, the risk of occurring renal scar would increase with its severity of reflux (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of renal ultrasound in suggesting VUR were 24.8% and 94.3%, respectively. The positive outcome of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was a bit high, but there were no associations between renal scar and urinary microprotein (P > 0.05). Thirty-one cases were followed up for long time (> 1 year); and 90% of urinary infection was controlled and in 44.4% of patients VUR disappeared with medical treatment. No child had decreasing renal function in follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONChildren with primary VUR need early diagnosis and treatment. Insisting on normal therapy and long-term follow-up will protect renal function effectively.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo compare the characteristics of urinary tract infection (UTI) between kidney transplant recipients and non-recipient patients.

METHODSForty-nine kidney transplant recipients with UTI (69 episodes) and 401 non-recipient patients with UTI (443 episodes) admitted in Nanfang Hospital from January 2003 to August 2014 were enrolled in the study. The characteristics of UTI were compared between two groups.

RESULTSIn both groups of UTI, female patients comprised a greater proportion (63.3% and 58.6%) and Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated (37.7% and 34.1%). However, the infection rate of Klebsiella pneumonia in recipients was higher than that in non-recipients (11.6% vs 3.2%, P= 0.001), while the infection rate of Candida albicans was lower (1.5% vs 11.3%, P=0.008) than that in non-recipients. Recipients were likely to develop antibiotic resistance and with a higher recurrence rate than non-recipient patients (38.8% vs 16.7%, P<0.001). Compared to non-recipient UTI patients, the symptoms of urinary irritation in recipient UTI patients were more common. There was higher percentage of neutrophil granulocyte (72.65% ± 1.90% vs 68.59% ± 0.73%, P=0.048), lower proportion of lymphocytes (17.73% ± 1.27% vs 21.28% ± 0.61%, P=0.037), and less platelets [(187.64 ± 10.84) × 10(9)/L vs (240.76 ± 5.26) × 10(9)/L, P<0.01] in recipients than in non-recipient UTI patients.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the characteristics of UTI in kidney transplantation recipients and non-recipients patients are different.

Candida albicans ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Transplant Recipients ; Urinary Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in children, analyze the risk factors and the susceptibility of antibiotics, thus to provide references to the diagnosis and medication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-CAUTIs. Mothod Totally 22 cases of PA-CAUTIs were selected in one hospital from Jan, 2006 to Jan, 2012, their clinical information, laboratory results and radiological images were collected, and were compared with the CAUTIs cased by E. coli of those randomly selected over the same period.

RESULTIn those 22 cases with PA-CAUTIs, the mean value of protein level was (32.25 ± 13.81) mg/ml, 19 of them were hospitalized, 6 had urinary operation history, 7 of them had long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents, and 20 had underlying diseases. A total of 22 children with 26 PA-CAUTIs episodes were compared to E. coli-CAUTIs. Compared with E. coli-CAUTIs patients, children with PA-CAUTIs more often presented with a lower albumin (P = 0.017), a history of urinary operation(P = 0.03), more cases had a history of urinary operation (P = 0.03), a long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive medication (P = 0.044). Through multivariate logistic regression of variables that were significant in univariate analysis (with hospitalizations, long-term usage of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive, albumin, underlying disease and urinary operation histories), and it turned out that underlying diseases (odds ratio 8.500, 95% CI 1.513 - 47.761, P = 0.037) and with urinary operation histories (odds ratio 6.196, 95% CI 1.120 - 34.273, P = 0.037) were proved as the independent risk factors for PA-CAUTIs. Those PA bacterial strains had a 36.36% resistance rate to piperacillin, aztreonam and gentamicin, a 31.82% resistance rate to cefepime and ceftazidime, while the resistance rate (4.55%) to carbapenem antibiotics was relatively low, only to bacillosporin all the strains were sensitive.

CONCLUSIONUnderlying diseases and the urinary operation histories are the independent risk factors of the occurrence of PA-CAUTIs, carbapenem antibiotics and bacillosporin can be considered as the drugs of choice for its treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Escherichia coli Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polymyxins ; therapeutic use ; Pseudomonas Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: We have performed Classic Intrafascial Supracervical Hysterectomy (CISH) since April 1993, so we are to report the clinical results of CISH for 10 years, and introduce the technical aspects of new CISH. METHODS: A retrospective analysis on 470 cases of CISH (conventioal and new method) was carried out including age, parity, operating time, blood loss, uterine weight, pathologic results, complications and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: The mean age was 44.8 years (range 25-68), parity 2.23 (0-9), operating time 131 minutes (70-310), mean blood loss 148 mL (20-1000) and mean uterine weight was 306 gram (90-880). The most common uterine pathology was uterine leiomyoma (49.3%) and there were adenomyosis (15.5%), leiomyoma with adenomyosis (12.5%), chronic cervicitis (5%) and so on. Intraoperative complications included one case of bladder injury due to thick adhesion and 6 cases of bleeding requiring transfusion. Postoperative complications included 5 cases of cervical coring site bleeding, 2 cases of febrile complications, 2 cases of trocar site bleeding, 1 case of transient nerve injury of lower extremity, and 1 case of urinary tract infection. The mean hospital stay was 5.3 days (3-10). two hundreds and seventy eight patients of 470 had been followed for cervical pathology, and no pathologic findings except 3 cases of mild dysplasia were shown. CONCLUSION: Classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy, a minimally invasive organ-preserving procedure indicated for benign uterine disease, is associated with few operative complications and low morbidity, and the disadvantages of conventional Semm's CISH technique can be overcome by new CISH technique using triple ligation method.
Adenomyosis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Intraoperative Complications ; Leiomyoma ; Length of Stay ; Ligation ; Lower Extremity ; Parity ; Pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uterine Cervicitis ; Uterine Diseases

INTRODUCTIONThis paper presents the results of a community survey on urinary abnormalities which covered 1/80th of the population of Singapore in 1975. These findings were compared with the data from the Singapore National Service Registrants in 1974 as well as data from a recent survey in Singapore and that of other Asian and Western countries.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study covered 18,000 persons aged 15 years and above, representing a sampling fraction of 1/80th of the population. A total of 16,808 respondents attended the field examination centres, of whom 16,497 had their urine sample tested representing 92.7% of the sample population.

RESULTSIn the dipstick urine testing at the field examination centres, 769 subjects (4.6%) were found to have urinary abnormalities. Two hundred and eighty-two (36.7%) of these 769 subjects were found to have urinary abnormalities based on urine microscopy constituting a prevalence of 1.71%. The prevalence of proteinuria was 0.63% and for both haematuria and proteinuria was 0.73%. The prevalence for hypertension was 0.43% and renal insufficiency was 0.1%.

DISCUSSIONThe consensus is that routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population is not cost effective as the yield is too low. Whilst, most studies showed that screening of the general population was not cost effective, it has been suggested that screening for targeted groups of subjects could help to identify certain risk groups who may benefit from early intervention to prevent or retard the progression of CKD.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of urinary abnormalities in Singapore has remained the same, now and three decades ago.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hematuria ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Risk Assessment ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) appear to be increasing, which reflects the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Identifying patients at high risk for antibiotic resistance with history taking is an important initial step. Targeted prophylaxis with a prebiopsy rectal swab culture or augmented antibiotic prophylaxis can be considered for patients at high risk of antibiotic resistance. If infectious complications are suspected, the presence of urosepsis should be evaluated and adequate antibiotic treatment should be started immediately.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Biopsy/*adverse effects ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate/*pathology ; *Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal ; Urinary Tract Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology