OBJECTIVETo study metabonomic changes in plasma of tumor patients of phlegm-stasis syndrome by Chinese medicine and their in vivo metabolic mechanism.

METHODS1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed on plasma samples from 356 tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome and 104 tumor patients of the non-phlegm-stasis syndrome, and 50 healthy subjects. The spectrogram integral results were analyzed by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

RESULTSCompared with healthy subjects, various amino acids including leucine, alanine, citrulline, tyrosine, histidine, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, acetylcysteine, etc. in the plasma of patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome were significantly lowered (P <0.05). Glucose, glycoprotein, glutamine, myo-inositol, lactic acid, choline, creatine also significantly decreased (P<0.05). But the plasma formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, acetoacetate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxy butyrate, carnitine, malonic acid, and unsaturated fatty acid, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome. Compared with tumor patients of non-phlegm-stasis syndrome, patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome had obvious lower plasma contents of leucine, alanine, citrulline, tyrosine, histidine, soleucine, valine, glutamine, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, lactic acid, creatine (P <0. 05), higher plasma contents of acetone, acetoacetate, unsaturated fatty acid, VLDL-C, alpha-glucose, beta-glucose, glycoprotein, and so on (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSTumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome had strengthened in vivo fat metabolism and lowered various amino acids. The decreased antioxidation capacities resulted in aggravated cell membrane injuries. The in vivo metabolic disorder was more severe in tumor patients of the phlegm-stasis syndrome than in tumor patients of the non-phlegm-stasis syndrome.

Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolomics ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasma ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo innovatively establish a new platform of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) animal model by observing abnormal savda carrier MIRI indicators, and to observe changes of myocardial ultrastructure.

METHODSAccording to Uyghur medical theories, an abnormal savda carrier animal model was established and confirmed using multifactor, and then MIRI models set up. Totally 36 male white SD rats were randomly divided into the normal sham-operation group, the normal operation group, the model sham-operation group, and the model operation group, 9 in each group. ECG changes, myocardial enzymes (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin (cTnT), and ultramicrostructures were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal sham-operation group, some damage of ultramicrostructures occurred in heart muscles of rats in the normal operation group and the model operation group, such as lowered myoplasm density, loosely arranged myofilament, dilated myofibris, reduced mitochondria number, vacuole and swelling mitochondrion. Ultramicrostructural damage of cardiac muscle cells was more severe in rats of the model operation group. Compared with the normal sham-operation group, CK-MB and cTnT increased in the normal operation group with statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal sham-operation group, there was no statistical difference in CK-MB or cTnT in the model sham-operation group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model operation group, CK-MB and cTnT obviously decreased in the model sham-operation group and the normal operation group with statistical difference (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal savda carrier MIRI model established in this experiment could provide favorable conditions for further MIRI intervention treatment.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; Myocardium ; ultrastructure ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study metabonomics in the urine of rats of different genders by magnetic resonance (MR) with 2 normalization methods. Methods Different normalization methods such as mean-centering not scaling (Ctr) and unit variance scaling (UV) were used before orthogonal to partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). Distinguished metabolites in the urine of different gender rats were analyzed by calculating the correlation coefficients. Results The data normalized by Ctr before OPLS-DA analysis revealed high degree conception metabolites in the urine such as valine, alanine, acetate, ornithine, aminohippurate, phenylethylamine, cytosine, citrate, dimethylamine, allantoin, methylamine, fumarate and one unknown metabolite whose chemical shift was δ4.14. Data normalized by UV before OPLS-DA analysis revealed the above 12 high degree conception metabolites except citrate, and also low degree conception metabolites such as thiamine, creatinine, formate and one unknown metabolite whose chemical shift was δ2.92.Conclusion Unit variance scaling is a more effective normalization method in metabonomic analysis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic musculoskeletal injury (CMI) among nursing staff of old-age welfare in Urumqi city, to find out the awareness and implementation of preventive measures for chronic musculoskeletal injury, and the demand on new life support technology. Methods This study looked after chronic musculoskeletal injury situation questionnaire, in April 2015 form 1st to 30th in urumqi 8 nursing work of old-age nursing staff to carry out the questionnaire. Results A total of the 200 old-age nursing staff, the effective response rate of 183 (91.5%). Old-age nursing researchers report in the past week have the CMI hair author 169 people (92.3%). Occurrence of CMI in gender, educational background, whether on the thought of leaving post was statistically different (χ2=8.36,16.14,14.05,P<0.05). Higher occurrence of CMI was found in the nursing process of showering and washing hair [81.4%(149/183)], transition between wheelchair and bed [63.9%(117/183)], and changing body position in bed [61.2%(112/183)]. The most common site of CMI occurrence were namely back [84.7%(155/183)], shoulder [54.1%(99/183)], lower limbs [35.0%(64/183)]and upper limbs [30.1%(55/183)].Only 31 (16.9%) knew new life support technology which can prevent and reduce CMI. 178(97.3%) reported having needs to use new life support technology, and 179 (97.8%) were willing to participate in relevant technology. Conclusions Prevalence of CMI among nursing staff of old-age welfare in Urumqi region was high. It was related to many factors. Most of nursing staff have needs on life support techniques. Measures should be taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence of CMI among nursing staff of old-age welfare to improve work efficiency.

Objective To analyze the drug using regularity in treating breast cancer in spring of professor Lu Ming. Methods Prescriptions that treated breast cancer in 2013 spring of professor Lu Ming were collected, and then metrology analysis was used to study the frequency, property, flavor and meridian attribution of herbal medicine in these prescriptions, and analyze their basic medication features. Results Among the collected 111 prescriptions of professor Lu Ming for treatment of breast cancer, the most often used prescription was sedatives and tranquilizers and nourishing yin;commonly used medications were Lanceleaf lily bulb, cortex albiziae, radix astragali, radix paeoniae alba and so on. The herbal medicine used included five kinds of properties, and the two most common ones were warm and plain. There were six different flavors, among which sweet and bitter were the two most common ones. Nine meridian attributions were identified, among which liver meridian and spleen meridian were the two most common ones. Conclusion Clinical treatment of breast cancer should be based on sweet-warm nourishing herbal medicine, while paying attention to tranquilizing and sedating the mind. Symptoms should be treated by using clearing heat and promoting diuresis. In addition, it should be noted that the spring medication should conform the warmth of spring qi.

OBJECTIVETo observe Modified Zhisou Powder (MZP) on the lung function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) model rats of northwest China cold dryness syndrome (NCCDS).

METHODSTotally 90 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the normal control group (n =20), the COPD model group (n =35), and the COPD of NCCDS group (n =35). The COPD model was established by tracheal dripping porcine pancreatic elastase (PEE) in combination with fumigation for 90 days. The COPD of NCCDS model was set up by tracheal dripping PEE +fumigation + cold and dry environmental stress for 90 days. Then rats in the COPD of NCCDS were randomly divided into the MZP intervention group (n =11 )and the normal saline intervention group (n =10).All intervention lasted for 15 successive days. The lung function was detected using Small Animal Lung Function Device at day 90 and day 105. And the lung pathology was also observed.

RESULTSLittle amount of sputum sound could be heard in the airway of the COPD model group and the COPD of NCCDS group. Pathological section showed alveolar ectasia, narrowed and broken alveolar septa, forming larger capsular space with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Rats in the COPD of NCCDS group showed chills, increased amount of drinking water, and loose stool. MZP could improve their symptoms. As for lung function test, compared with the normal control group, Te increased in the COPD model group (P <0.01), and EF50 decreased (P<0.05). PEF and EF50 decreased (P <0.01), Ti and Te increased (P <0.01, P <0.05) in the COPD of NCCDS group. Compared with the normal saline intervention group, PEF and EF50 increased (P < 0.01), Ti and Te decreased (P <0.01) in the MZP intervention group.

CONCLUSIONMZP could improve the symptoms of COPD rats of NCCDS, and delay the velocity of decreased lung function.

Animals ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Respiratory Function Tests

OBJECTIVETo explore in vivo metabolic changes in abnormal savda patients with different types of tumor.

METHODSA total of 142 abnormal savda patients with common cancer types were enrolled in this study, and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. For each sample, the H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed. The free attenuation signal was computed subsection integral. Data obtained were analyzed by the Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA).

RESULTSCompared with the control group, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, creatine, lactic acid, inositol, alpha-and beta-glucose, unsaturated lipids, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) significantly decreased (P <0.05), while glycoprotein and carnitine significantly increased (P <0. 05) in the abnormal Savda group.

CONCLUSIONAbnormal savda patients with different types of tumor had similar metabonomics changes.

Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Lipids ; blood ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolome ; physiology ; Metabolomics ; Neoplasms ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between emotional status, cold-dry environment and long-term immune responses to the stressors, and the potential pathological mechanisms between causative factors of abnormal Savda syndrome (ASS) and the susceptibility to disease; thus to clarify the ASS, and secondly to identify the optimal ASS animal model for further studies on traditional Uighur therapeutical formulations.

METHODSSixty mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control and 3 stress groups. The cold-dry environment was applied by keeping the mice in a climatic chamber. The emotional stress was induced by the application of the repeated electric foot-shocks in the electric foot-shock apparatus. The mice of the combined stress group underwent the repeated electric foot-shock treatment before being housed in the climatic chamber. The experimental routine was repeated for 21 days. In order to look into endocrine and immune stress responses, ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Beta-endorphin (β-END) and corticosterone (CORT), of the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and of the immunoglobulins immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in duplicate in order to determine differences in the T cell ratio.

RESULTSIn the cold-dry environment group, the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas serum β-END was not found significantly different. In both the repeated electric foot-shock group as well as in the combined stress group the serum levels of CRH, ACTH, β-END and CORT were significantly higher. Compared to the control animals, the serum concentration of INF-γ was significantly lower in all three different stress groups. The serum level of IL-2 was decreased in the combined stress group whereas the serum TNF-α level was significantly higher. The serum IgG level was significantly higher in all three stress groups, whereas the IgA level was lower in both chronic electric foot-shock group and combined stress group. The IgM level was found significantly higher in the combined stress group only. The percentage of CD4(+) cells in peripheral blood was dramatically decreased in mice exposed to colddry environment, chronic electric foot-shock and combined stress, whereas the percentage of the CD8(+) subset was not significantly different. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios were markedly lower in both cold-dry environment group and combined stress group.

CONCLUSIONSCombined stress can cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 cell subset may contribute to illustrate the partial pathological mechanisms of ASS. This study identified this animal model of a combination of physical and emotional stress as an optimal model for further studies on ASS and relative therapies.

Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Cold Temperature ; Disease Models, Animal ; Emotions ; physiology ; Endocrine System ; physiology ; Immunity, Innate ; physiology ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Stress, Psychological ; etiology ; immunology ; psychology ; Syndrome ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance ; complications ; immunology

This study was aimed to assess the clinical evaluation of Xiaoqinglong decoction for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Literatures published before August 3rd, 2012 were searched in the database of CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang Data to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs about Xiaoqinglong decoction for acute exacerbation of COPD in China. Literatures were screened ac-cording to the inclusive and exclusive criteria by two reviewers independently. And the methodology quality was evaluated after abstracting the data. Then, the RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Seventeen RCTs were included. Among 1173 patients, there were 608 cases in the clinical trial group and 565 in the control group. The meta-analysis showed that compared with western medicine (WM), the clinical effect of Xiaoqinglong decoction plus WM was significantly better [MD = 3.91, 95%CI (2.50, 6.12), P < 0.01]. The invasive ventilation plus Xiaoqinglong decoction was better than the invasive ventilation [MD = 3.48, 95%CI (1.45, 8.32), P =0.01]. The blood gas analysis showed that compared with WM, the PaO2 in the Xiaoqinglong decoction plus WM was significantly better [MD = 7.55, 95%CI (1.41, 13.68), P = 0.05]. There was statistical significance in PaCO2 of Xiaoqinglong decoction plus WM [MD = -7.11, 95%CI (-9.89, -4.33), P < 0.01]. Compared to the invasive ventilation, there was statistical significance in the invasive ventilation plus Xiaoqinglong decoction [MD = -6.66, 95%CI (-8.79, -4.54), P < 0.01]. For FEV1, compared with WM, Xiaoqinglong decoction plus WM was signifi-cantly better [MD = 6.97, 95%CI (3.60, 10.34), P < 0.01]. It was concluded that Xiaoqinglong decoction com-bined with WM methods can improve clinical efficacy of acute exacerbation of COPD in order to increase the clinical efficacy on a certain level.

Objective To investigate the current situation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stationary phase with point application, and provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods Such databases as CNKI, VIP, and CBM were searched from the establishment date to October 2011 to collect the RCTs on the treatment of COPD in stationary phase with point application according to the predefined inclusion criteria. And the quality was assessed by using the Jadad scale, the revised CONSORT statement and other self-defined indexes. Results Among 32 included RCTs, 1 literature scored three points, 8 scored two points, 23 scored one point according to Jadad scale, and no RCT performed the allocation concealment. According to the CONSORT criteria, only one can be prompted randomized trials from the title of the article, 23 from abstracts, 2 literature showed how to determine the sample size, 7 described the method to generate random allocation sequence, only 1 literature mentioned blind method, 15 literature explicitly mentioned syndromes. Conclusion Currently, the methodology and reporting quality of studies on the treatment of COPD in stationary phase with point application are not good enough to provide reliable evidence for clinical practice, and we should improve the quality of our clinical research.