This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-308 gene polymorphism and its correlation with asthma in TCM syndromes between Han and Uyghur People in Xin-jiang. The polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was applied in the detection of TNF-alpha-308 gene polymorphism among 160 bronchial asthma cases and 40 healthy con-trols. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation standard on bronchial asthma was applied in the syndrome differentiation of 160 bronchial asthma cases. And gene distributions of TCM syndrome differentia-tion were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the genotypes (wild-type and mutant) and allele distribution between the asthma group and the normal control group, the Uyghur asthma group and Uyghur normal control group, the Han asthma group and Han normal control group, Uyghur normal control group and Han normal control group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on the TNF-alpha-308 genotype distribution among different TCM syndromes. There was no significant difference on TCM syndrome distribution between Han asthma patients and Uyghur asthma patients. It was concluded that bronchial asthma in Xinjiang may be nothing to do with ethnic group, TNF-alpha-308 gene polymorphism. And the bronchial asthma syndrome differentiation type may be nothing to do with the TNF-alpha-308 genotype distribution.