Background: The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) is a widely used measure of health-related quality of life. Normative data are the key to determine whether a group or an individual score above or below the average for their country, age or sex. Published norms for the SF-36 exist for other countries but have not been previously published for Thailand. Methods: The multi-site studies of Thai Quality of Health were the cross- sectional study involving 1,148 randomly selected Thai men and women aged 15 years or more living in Bangkok metropolitan. The information collected included the SF-36, a measure of healthrelated quality of life. These provided a unique opportunity to develop age- and sex-adjusted normative data for the Thai population. Results: Thai women scored substantially higher than men on role physical, bodily pain, role emotional and physical component summary, whereas men scored higher than women on social functioning. Conclusion: The scores of Bangkok people are lower than their US counterparts on all SF-36 domains, although many of the differences were not large. The differences in the SF-36 scores between age groups, sexes and countries confirm that these Thai norms are necessary for comparative purposes. The data will be useful for assessing the health status of the general population and patient populations, and the effect of interventions on health-related quality of life.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort. PURPOSE: To report the short and long term outcomes of fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) patients. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: TFESI has been widely used for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pains. However, to our knowledge, there has been no study which has evaluated the outcomes of TFESI in patients with DLS. METHODS: The DLS patients received fluoroscopically guided lumbar TFESI with 80 mg of methylprednisolone and 2 mL of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride. Patients were evaluated by an independent observer before the initial injection, at 2 weeks, at 6 weeks, at 3 months, and at 12 months after the injections. Visual analog scale (VAS), Roland 5-point pain scale, standing tolerance, walking tolerance, and patient satisfaction scale were evaluated for outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty three DLS patients treated with TFESI, who were completely followed up, were included in this study. The average number of injections per patient was 1.9 (range from 1 to 3 injections per patient). Significant improvements in VAS and Roland 5-point pain scale were observed over the follow up period from 2 weeks to 12 months. However, the standing and walking tolerance were not significantly improved after 2 weeks. At 2 weeks, the patient satisfaction scale was highest, although, these outcomes declined with time. The DLS patients with one level of spinal stenosis showed significantly better outcome than the DLS patients with two levels of spinal stenosis. Five patients (13%) underwent surgical treatment during the 3 to 12 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: TFESI provides short term improvements in VAS and Roland 5-point pain scale, standing tolerance, walking tolerance and patient satisfaction scale in DLS patients. In the long term, it improves VAS but limits the improvements in Roland 5-point pain scale, standing tolerance, walking tolerance and patient satisfaction scale.
Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine ; Methylprednisolone ; Patient Satisfaction ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis* ; Visual Analog Scale ; Walking

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis has risen significantly over the last 2 decades. Allergic sensitization to aeroallergen is a major risk factor in developing the allergic disease. The prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization varies in different regions and countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of common aeroallergen sensitization and the atopic status among adult patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study. The data were collected from medical records and database of the result of skin prick test of patients who had the allergic symptoms or chronic urticaria in adult allergy clinic, Ramathibodi hospital from January 2004 to December 2015. RESULTS: A total of 1,516 of patients (female, 1,118 [73.7%]) were enrolled. The mean ages of participants were 41.34 (standard deviation, ±16.5) years. Fifty-eight percent (58%) of patients were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 19.7%, 3.2%, and 9.2% with asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria respectively. In the chronic urticaria group, 57.4% underwent the positive skin prick test to common aeroallergens. Mites were responsible for the most common inhaled allergen sensitization in this study as 50.1% of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 32% of Dermatophagoides farinae, and 31.5% of house dust. Cockroach was the second most common aeroallergen sensitization as 32.3% followed by grass pollen, Bermuda (21.1%) and timothy (13.6%). The animal dander, cat and dog, occupied 12.9 and 10% respectively. CONCLUSION: Mites were the most common cause of aeroallergen sensitization in all patients followed by cockroach, grass pollen, and animal dander. However, Bermuda sensitization has increased significantly in the last 6 years.
Adult ; Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Bermuda ; Cats ; Cockroaches ; Dander ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Dogs ; Dust ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Medical Records ; Mites ; Poaceae ; Pollen ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Risk Factors ; Skin Tests ; Skin ; Thailand ; Urticaria