Extragenital endometriosis makes up 10-15%. The most common site is gastrointestinal tract. In urinary tract, endometriosis of urethra makes up 0.6%, of bladder is 37.6%, of ureter is 61.2%. 89% of ureteral lesions develop laterally. Cause of endometriosis has been unknown. Several hypotheses are available. It can be treated by medication, surgery or by combining the medication with surgery or can be left without treatment. Each procedure is indicated depend on clinical situation, site of tumor, progress of disease, medication and equipment condition and clinician’s knowledge
Ureteral Diseases ; Endometriosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of terpene compound drug (pinene, camphene, borneol, anethole, fenchone and cineol in olive oil) in facilitating spontaneous passage of ureteral calculi

METHODS: Systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, Science Direct, Proquest, Google scholar, Cochrane Library databases and rference lists of related literature was done without language restriction. Trials on ureterolithiasis medical expulsive therapy (MET) that compare terpene compound drug versus placebo/control group or alpha-blockers were identified. Articles retrieved were critically appraised by two independent reviewers according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Data from included studies were extracted for calculation of risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Effect estimates were pooled using Mantel-Haenszel method with random effect model. Inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. The PRISMA guidelines for meta-analysis reporting were followed.

RESULTS: Five trials (total of 344 subjects) of adequate methodological quality were included. Pooled effect estimates from homogenous studies showed that compared to placebo/ control group, patients treated with terpene compound drug had significantly higher ureteral calculi expulsion rate (pooled RR: 1.34; 95% CI 1.12, 1.61). Analysis of studies that compare terpene compound drug with alpha-blockers showed no significant difference (pooled RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.59, 1.06), although significant inter-study heterogeneity was noted. Only minor gastrointestinal adverse effect was reported on terpene compound drug use.

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that terpene compound drug as MET is effective in promoting passage of ureterolithiasis. High quality large-scale RCTs comparing alpha-blockers and terpene compound drug are warranted to make a more definitive conclusion.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is one of the common causes of hydronephrosis in infancy and childhood. Most cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction are diagnosed prenatally and are usually asymptomatic. Although less common, older children can experience ureteropelvic junction obstruction that presents with symptoms including flank or abdominal pain. Here, we present the case of a nine-year-old healthy girl who had repeated flank pain and abdominal symptoms, with mild left hydronephrosis, for several months. Computed tomography that was performed during the period of acute flank pain revealed aggravated hydronephrosis on her left kidney, which was secondary to an ureteropelvic junction obstruction. She underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and a crossing vessel that passed the ureteropelvic junction was identified. In addition, we reviewed the current literature of this rare entity.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ureteral Diseases ; Ureteral Obstruction

Uereterorenoscopy has become a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation and treatment of the ureteral diseases such as the filling defect upper tract hematuria and abnormal cytology. Keeping a clear visual field in ureterorenoscopy is an essential for the reducing of complication such as ureteral perforation. We used alternative suction with 4 Fr. ureteral catheter through side hole of ureterorenoscopic sheath in 32 cases without serious complications. We believe that this method may help not only keeping clear visual field but also doing ureterorenoscopy safely, while use ureteral catheter as a safety guide wire.
Hematuria ; Suction ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Diseases ; Urinary Catheters* ; Visual Fields*

Since the late 19(th) century, great strides have been made towards advancements in the field of urology, with respect to clinical activity, education and research; therefore, pediatric urology has become an important part of urology. In this article, the historical developmental process of pediatric urology was reviewed, including its legitimate development into an independent section within the urological field as well as achieving an independent role in the urological society. Also, the developmental process of pediatric urology was reviewed in relation to the organization of academic societies and the creation of subspecialty certification. In addition, the development of pediatric urology was further discussed by reviewing the evolution of management for a typical pediatric urological disease, vesicoureteral reflux. From its early history, pediatric urology has played an important role, and efforts to achieve advancements are still being made. As seen from the historical changes in the management concept of vesicoureteral reflux, current medical knowledge can sometimes, at a later date, be proven wrong. An effective way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art medical standards and knowledge, as well as techniques, is the participation in local and international academic activities, which provide the opportunities for exchanging clinical experience and knowledge. Also, changes in the system, such as the enforcement of recertification of a specialty board, may contribute to maintaining or upgrading the standards of urology as a whole.
Certification ; Education ; Specialty Boards ; Urologic Diseases ; Urology* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

A clinical observation was made on the patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period from January, 1972 to December, 1979. The results were as follows 1. Pediatric patients were 78 of 867 total urologic patients giving the rate of 9.0%. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 7.7:1. 2. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen(39.7%). 3. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly a ratio of 32.1%. The other diseases were hydrocele in 16.7%, stone in 9%, tumor and non specific infection in 6.4%. 4. The most frequently involved organ was testis in 25 cases (32.1%). The others were urethral disease in 24 cases (30.8%), renal disease in 13 cases (16.7%), vesical disease in 4 cases (5.1%), ureteral disease in 3 cases (3.8%) and penile disease in 2 cases (2.6%). 5. Of 78 patients, 68 operations were performed in 59 patients. The most common operation was hydrocelectomy in 13 cases. The other operations were orchiopexy in 11 cases, urethroplasty in 10 cases, correction of chordee in cases, lithotomy in 7 cases and circumcision in 2 cases. 6. The most common duration of hospitalization was from 1 to 2 weeks.(52.6%).
Child ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiopexy ; Penile Diseases ; Testis ; Ureteral Diseases ; Urethral Diseases ; Urology*

A clinical observation was made on the patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Chosun University Hospital during the period from January, 1972 to December, 1979. The results were as follows 1. Pediatric patients were 78 of 867 total urologic patients giving the rate of 9.0%. The ratio of male to female pediatric in-patients was 7.7:1. 2. School children (6 to 12 years of age) were most frequently seen(39.7%). 3. The most common disease was genitourinary anomaly a ratio of 32.1%. The other diseases were hydrocele in 16.7%, stone in 9%, tumor and non specific infection in 6.4%. 4. The most frequently involved organ was testis in 25 cases (32.1%). The others were urethral disease in 24 cases (30.8%), renal disease in 13 cases (16.7%), vesical disease in 4 cases (5.1%), ureteral disease in 3 cases (3.8%) and penile disease in 2 cases (2.6%). 5. Of 78 patients, 68 operations were performed in 59 patients. The most common operation was hydrocelectomy in 13 cases. The other operations were orchiopexy in 11 cases, urethroplasty in 10 cases, correction of chordee in cases, lithotomy in 7 cases and circumcision in 2 cases. 6. The most common duration of hospitalization was from 1 to 2 weeks.(52.6%).
Child ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiopexy ; Penile Diseases ; Testis ; Ureteral Diseases ; Urethral Diseases ; Urology*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impacts of delayed ureteral stent removal on the quality of life (QoL) and mental health of urinary calculi postoperative patients due to the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: The demographic and clinical data of patients with ureteral stent placement after urinary endoscopic lithotripsy and returned to Peking University People's Hospital for stent removal from December 2019 to June 2020 were collected. Ureteral stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ) score and the outcome 20-item self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were collected to estimate the QoL and mental status. The USSQ consisted of 44 questions in 6 domains (including urinary symptom, physical pain, general health, work performance, sexual function, and ureteral stent related infection). For most questions in each domain, its score was a five-point Likert-type scale from 1 to 5, and a small proportion of questions was quantified by 1 to 4 or 1 to 7 scale. SAS and SDS both contained 20 questions used to assess a patient's level of anxiety and depression. Its scoring for each item was on a four-point Likert-type scale from 1 to 4. A total score (ranging from 20 to 80) was the main statistical indicator. The level of clinical anxiety and depression was quantified by using standard scores (total score multiplied by 1.25 to produce integers). And the multi-group structural equation model was constructed by analysis of moment structure (AMOS) analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 71 patients were enrolled for analysis. It was found that the median duration of ureteral stent time differed significantly between the control and delayed groups for 32 (30, 33) d and 94.5 (88, 103) d, respectively. The delayed group resulted in higher scores in the USSQ multidimensional, which included urinary symptoms, general health, work performance and ureteral stent related infections. Anxiety and depression were also significantly serious in the delayed group than in the control group. A longer indwelling time of a ureteral stent could exacerbate the effects of urinary symptoms and physical pain on work performance (P=0.029 < 0.05). Among them, the patients with severe urinary symptoms leading to poor work performance were most significantly affected by prolonged ureteral stent duration time (CR=2.619>1.96). CONCLUSION Patients with delayed ureteral stent removal due to the COVID-19 had resulted in worse QoL and mental status. Stents related symptoms are more severe in patients with higher anxiety and depression degree during COVID-19. To improve the QoL and mental health of patients after urinary calculi surgery during COVID-19, it is still not recommended to prolong the stent duration time or corresponding intervention measures should be taken.
Humans ; Quality of Life ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Ureter/surgery* ; Urinary Calculi ; Pain ; Ureteral Diseases ; Stents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ureteral Calculi

A congenital ureteral valve is a rare disease, with the first case presented in 1887, since when, only 42 cases have subsequently been reported. From a review of the reported cases, this abnormality was often found to be associated with other urological disorders, such as vesicoureteral reflux, ectopic ureter, complete and incomplete duplication of the kidney, and contralateral renal atrophy. Here, the case of an adult patient with multiple congenital ureteral valves and renal atrophy is reported.
Adult* ; Atrophy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Kidney ; Rare Diseases ; Ureter* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

A clinical observation was made on 20 ureteral diseases in 17 pediatric patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Hospital, from May 1972 to February 1982, and the following results were obtained. 1. Pediatric patients with ureteral diseases were 17 of 2584 total urologic patients giving a ratio of 0.6%, and of 359 total pediatric patients 4.7%. 2. The preschool children (1 to 6 years of age) were most frequently seen (14.2%). The proportion of male to female was 3.3:1. 3. The most common disease was congenital UPJ obstruction (60%). The other diseases were UVJ obstruc tion, V-U reflux, ureterocele with complete double ureter subsequently. 4. The most common manifestation included flank pain in 9 cases, fever and chilling in 7 cases, hemturia in 5 cases, gastrointestinal syruptome in 5 cases, palpable mass in 4 cases subsequently. 5. The most common associated disesses were 2 cases of the renal stone in UPJ obstruction. 6. Of the 20 cases, 12 cases underwent dismembered pyeloplasty, 4 cases ureteroneocyst0stomy, 2 cases heminephrectomy with ureterectomy. The remained 2 cases were treated with conservatively.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Male ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Diseases* ; Ureterocele ; Urology