Goal: To determine histological forms in the majority of esophageal cancer in Mongolian population. Materials and Methods: Analysis was done on 285 materials of esophageal cancer and esophageal pre cancer in 1998- 2002. Materials of studies were diagnosed by classification of WHO, 2006. Result: In world average age of developing esophageal cancer is 55 years which is similar with our study result. By histopathology site among Russian population squamocell carcinoma occurs in 96%, 3% for adenocarcinoma, 1% for undifferentiated carcinoma, but in our results 64.5%, 7%, 2.4% corresponding. For cancer topography site of esophageal precancer lesions, neoplasms and invasive cancers are occur in lower part of esophagus. It is a main cause of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Comparing N.I.Kolicheva study result, 43.1% for lower part of esophagus and 34.3% for middle third of esophagus which is similar with our study result. Conclusions 1. Esophageal disease and cancer occurs in female and male is 1:1.8. 2. Esophageal cancer located in inner third. 3. Most frequent path histology site of esophageal cancer is squamocell carcinoma (64.5%).