PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is finding proper bonding agents to be used when adding bis-acryl composite provisional materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three bonding agents with different chemical compositions were included in this study. Forty disk shaped specimens of bis-acryl composite provisional material were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the bonding agents. Control group didn't have bonding agent. Through the Teflon mould with 4.0 mm diameter hole with 4.0 mm thickness the same bis-acryl composite provisional material was added on the disks after the surface of each specimen was treated with designated bonding agent according to the manufacturer's instructions. Shear bond test was performed and the fractured surfaces were inspected with a microscope. One-way analysis of variance was conducted and the result was further analysed with Turkey post hoc test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The highest strength was acquired from the specimens bonded with chemical cure system and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This group showed 100% cohesive failures. The lowest bonding strength was recorded from the specimens used conventional light cure bonding agent, and this group's result was similar with the control group. The group used a light cure bonding agent claiming improved compatibility revealed significantly higher bond strength to the traditional light cure bonding agent group in a statistically significant way (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: According to the bonding agent used the shear bond strength was significantly affected. Therefore the choice of proper bonding agent is important when hiring a bonding agent to add bis-acryl composite provisional materials.
Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Turkey

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sealing effect of several root-end filling materials using spectrophotometric analysis. 180 single root teeth with one canal were instrumented and canal filled. Root resected and root end preparation was made. Teeth were randomly classified to 5 experimental group(MTA, EBA, IRM, TCP, ZOE) and 1 control group according to root-end filling material MTA group used PRO ROOT MTA, EBA group used Super EBA, TCP group used NEW APATITE LINER TYPE II main component of which is alpha-tricalcium phosphate(TCP). According to manufacture's instruction experimental material was mixed and retrfilled. After 2% methylene blue solution penetration absorbance for each test sample was measured with spectrophotometer (JASCO UV-530, Japan). The mean absorbance of control and experimental group was as follows; MTA : 0.092, IRM : 0.226, Super EBA : 0.255, ZOE : 0.374, Control : 0.425, TCP : 0.501 and the result analyzed by Turkey test at P=0.05 level. Conclusions of this study are as follows; 1. The absorbance increase in follwing sequence MTA, IRM, Super EBA, ZOE, Control, TCP. 2. MTA showed the least leakage but was not significant with IRM or Super EBA and was significant with control or TCP(p<0.05). 3. TCP had the most leakage and was not significant with control group.
Methylene Blue ; Tooth ; Turkey ; Pemetrexed

OBJECTIVE: To examine expression of survivin and Bcl-2 in eutopic endometrium with endometriosis and without endometriosis by immunohistochemical stain. METHODS: Expression of survivin and Bcl-2 was immunohistochemically investigated in eutopic endometrium with endometriosis (n=30, study group I; laparoscopy-proved endometriosis, study group II; adenomyosis) or without endometriosis (n=34, control group). The score of immunohistochemical staining was evaluated semi-quantitative method modified by Sinicrope and Lu. Statistical analyses was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Turkey test. RESULTS: Survivin expression was significantly higher in nucleus of glandular epithelium of eutopic endometrium with endomtriosis compared to that without endometriosis (p<0.05). Increased expression of Bcl-2 was found in glandular epithelium of eutopic endometrium with endometriosis than without endometriosis, but there was no significantly difference. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that increased survivin expression may contribute to survival of endometriosis. Moreover, survivin could play an important role in pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Endometriosis* ; Endometrium* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Turkey

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and cuspal deflection in maxillary premolars resulting from polymerization shrinkage of composites and compomers. Composites and compomers which were used in this study were as follows: Dyract AP, Z100, Surefil, Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, and Compoglass F. For measuring of polymerization shrinkage stress, Stress measuring machine (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used. One-way ANOVA analysis with Duncan's multiple comparison test were used to determine significant differences between the materials. For measuring of cuspal deflection of tooth, MOD cavities were prepared in 10 extracted maxillary premolars. And reduction of intercuspal distance was measured by strain measuring machine (R&B, Daejon, Korea) One-way ANOVA analysis with Turkey test were used to determine significant differences between the materials. Polymerization shrinkage stress is [Heliomolar, Z100, Pyramid < Synergy Compact Compoglass F < Dyract AP < Heliomolr HB, surefil] (P < 0.05). And cuspal delfelction is [Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil, < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP] (P < 0.05). Measurements of ploymerization shrinkage stress and those of cuspal deflection of the teeth was different. There is no correlation between polymerization shrinkage stress and cuspal deflection of the teeth (p > 0.05).
Bicuspid* ; Compomers* ; Daejeon ; Polymerization* ; Polymers* ; Tooth ; Turkey

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the altitude, immigration and suicide rates association in Turkey. METHODS: Suicide and immigration rates of 81 provinces and their elevation data were obtained. RESULTS: There were not significant correlations between country elevation, immigration and mean suicide rate. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study points out that altitude related hypoxia and suicide association may not be generalized and further research will be needed to clarify the effects of altitude on suicide rates.
Altitude ; Anoxia ; Emigration and Immigration ; Suicide ; Turkey

In this study, we examined myxomycetes that developed in moist chamber cultures of substrata material collected from Kütahya and Konya provinces in Turkey. We collected bark samples from living trees, plant litter from the ground, standing dead wood or stumps, and downed and decayed wood or bark and placed them in the moist chamber cultures. We identified 36 species belonging to 12 genera of myxomycetes. The species determined are listed, and four new records, Didymium balearicum Ing, Macbrideola oblonga Pando & Lado, Paradiacheopsis erythropodia (Ing) Nann–Bremek. and Perichaena pedata (Lister & G. Lister) G. Lister, are added to the mycoflora of Turkey.
Ecology* ; Myxomycetes* ; Plants ; Trees ; Turkey ; Wood

PURPOSE: This paper is a report of a study of the effects of breastfeeding education on the breastfeeding success and breastfeeding characteristics of mothers in a Turkish context. METHODS: The research was designed as quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 93 mothers who participated in (n = 46) and did not participate in childbirth education classes (n = 47). The date was collected between 2005 and 2007. The childbirth education class comprised 16 hours in total. Two hours of this class involved breastfeeding education. The course was carried out with the principles of adult education principles. Data on mothers' breastfeeding were collected in the sixth week postpartum. RESULTS: The majority of the mothers (63.4%) were university graduates. No difference was found between breastfeeding frequency in the control and experimental groups and starting supplemental food. It was found that 80.4% of the women in the experimental group breastfed in line with the techniques. This rate was found to be 48.9% in the control group. It was documented that the first breastfeeding times were earlier in the experimental group, their babies slept longer after being fed, their perceived spouse support was higher, and had even higher perceived breastfeeding success. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the study results it could be argued that attending childbirth preparation class with the husband has a positive effect over breastfeeding. Childbirth education classes will greatly contribute to the health of the society by affecting breastfeeding positively.
Adult ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Spouses ; Turkey

The development and status of acupuncture-moxibustion in Turkey in the fields of education, legal establishment, treatment, etc. are introduced. There are four distinguished features of acupuncture-moxibustion development in Turkey: (1) The geographical position of the country as the link of Europe and Asia, has resulted in the special feature of acupuncture-moxibustion transmission and development. It combines both the traditional theories from the East and the modified and modern techniques from the West. (2) The combination of theories and clinical practice started when acupuncture-moxibustion was first introduced. (3) The application of acupuncture-moxibustion has gone through a process from spontaneous transmission among the people to legalization by the government, from disorderly to orderly, and from market behavior to government-lead regulation, which has powerfully promoted healthy development of the medicine. (4) Acupuncture-moxibustion education provided by registered universities has guaranteed the quality of the education itself and the competency of the professionals. It has raised the scientific and normative character of application and increased the credibility of the people, and also has ensured the sustainability of acupuncture-moxibustion development by providing qualified professionals.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; trends ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; trends ; Turkey

Adult ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Turkey

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of peer-reviewed publication of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the Turkish Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (TAOMS) and to identify the time to publication, subspecialty, and study design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All abstracts accepted for presentation at a TAOMS meeting between 2007 and 2009 were identified from a book of abstracts and were searched for publication using PubMed and Google Scholar. The following variables were evaluated: publication rate, type of presentation (oral or poster), time to publication, subspecialty, study design, and name of the journal in which the article was published. RESULTS: A total of 478 abstracts were presented at the TAOMS meetings between 2007 and 2009. Of these, 140 abstracts (29.3%) were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals, including 38.2% of oral presentations and 26.6% of poster presentations. The mean time from presentation to publication was 22 months. Regarding publication fields, research and emerging technologies presentations had the highest publication rate (100%). With regard to study type, animal study (70.0%) and basic research (55.0%) had the highest publication rates. CONCLUSION: Only 29.3% of abstracts presented at the TAOMS meeting were subsequently published as full-text articles. This rate was found to be similar to the previously reported publication rates in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Animals ; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons* ; Publications ; Surgery, Oral ; Turkey