Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), as a nuclear transcription regulator of the hypoxic response, is up-regulated during hypoxia, and it regulates a series of downstream target gene expression, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter and erythropoietin through binding with hypoxia response element. It plays important roles in angiogenesis, anerobic metabolism, cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation.This article reviews the structure, function and activity regulation of HIF-1 and its roles in acute ischemic brain injury.

AIM:To explored the potential role of HIF-1? in reducing the neuronal apoptosis and promoting the neuronal proliferation after stroke in rats. METHODS:The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were lentivirally transduced to express the stable form of HIF-1?. Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurological function was evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Cerebral infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. Immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method were performed to detect neuronal proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS:Significant improvement of neurological deficits was found in BMSCs-mHIF-1? rats as compared to the control animals at 14th d and 28th d after MCAO (P

Objective Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by Smad7 and labeled with green fluores-cent mark.BMMSCs were implanted into rabbit glaucoma operational model and observed surviving condition.Methods Through BP and LR reaction,Smad7 with green fluorescent mark was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by bacterio-phage,filtered positive colony and picked out cell line.15 New Zealand white rabbits were enforced trabeculectomy with BMMSC, then following up cell survival condition.Results Smad7 expressed stable in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with sat-isfactory green fluorescent mark.BMMSC survived in rabbit trabecula with stable green fluorescent and effective ocular press.Con-clusion Smad7 with green fluorescent mark could be inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stably,and has ef-fective results in rabbit model.

Objective To explore the incidence rate and related factors of high intraocular pressure after vitro-retinal surgery for patients with diabetic retinopathy(DRP). Methods The 986 patients(1 326 eyes) with DRP arranged vitro-retinal surgery were studied. The inci-dence rate of intraocular pressure was analyzed between different types,grades,complicated with macular detachment,filled with silicone oil/C3F8,total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation and crystalline lens excision. Results The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure was 27. 8%(368/1 326). The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure of proliferative DRP (34. 0%) was obviously higher than non-pro-liferative DRP (17. 2%)(χ2 =30. 648,P=0. 000),and higher in DRP D grade than B grade(34. 1%,20. 8%)(χ2=8. 834,P=0. 003). The incidence rate of high intraocular pressure of proliferative DRP (34. 0%) was obviously higher in patients complicated with macular de-tachment(30. 4%,22. 7%)(χ2 =8. 834,P=0. 0030). The incidence rate of patients filled with silicone oil/C3F8(39. 1%,24. 0%) (χ2 =28. 088,P=0. 000),total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation(32. 8%,16. 8%) (χ2 =21. 159,P=0. 000),with/without crystal-line lens excision (40. 5%,25. 9%)(χ2=15. 532,P=0. 0001)was different obviously. Conclusion There is a high incidence rate and re-lated factors of high intraocular pressure after vitro-retinal surgery for patients with diabetic retinopathy,and it is related to different DRP types,grades,complicated with macular detachment,filled with silicone oil/C3F8,total/supplementary retina photo-coagulation,crystalline lens excision.

AIM: To explored the potential role of HIF-1α in reducing the neuronal apoptosis and promoting the neuronal proliferation after stroke in rats. METHODS: The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were lentivirally transduced to express the stable form of HIF-1α. Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurological function was evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Cerebral infarct volume was measured by TTC staining. Immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method were performed to detect neuronal proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Significant improvement of neurological deficits was found in BMSCs-mHIF-1α rats as compared to the control animals at 14th d and 28th d after MCAO (P<0.05). Significant reduction of infarct volume was observed in rats in BMSCs-mHIF-1α group at 3rd day after MCAO (P<0.05). Histological evaluation showed that BMSCs-mHIF-1α treatment significantly promoted neuronal survival and proliferation in the ischemic boundary area. CONCLUSION: Constitutive expression of HIF-1α in BMSCs reduces the neuronal apoptosis and promotes the neuronal proliferation after stroke in rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the antalgic and antiphlogistic functions and mechanism of ronggudingtong (RGDT) plaster (traditional Chinese medicine).

METHODSThe painful models were established with hot plate test or acetic acid writhing and the inflammatory models were established with daubing dimethylbenzene on auricle or injecting formaldehyde in toe or synovial envelope to study the antalgic and antiphlogistic functions of RGDT Plaster. The total protein and leukotriene B4(LTB4) in inflammatory exudate were detected to investigate the antalgic and antiphlogistic mechanism of RGDT plaster. The mice were randomly divided into different groups (n = 11), on the basis of drug using, the indexes of pain threshold, swelling degree were observed. Sixty-six mice were used to establish gasbag synovitis model and randomly divided into normal control group,model control group, positive control group (Voltaren gel 0.8 mg/d)and low/medium/high dosage RGDT plaster treating groups(30 mg/d, 60 mg/d, 120 mg/d).

RESULTS30 mg/d, 60 mg/d,120 mg/d RGDT plaster could upgrade the pain thresholds, remit auricular and foot swelling (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and degrade total protein and LTB4 in inflammatory exudates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRGDT plaster has some antalgic and antiphlogistic functions, and one of the mechanisms is depressing synthesis of LTB4.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Leukotriene B4 ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Pain ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the application of VSD in the treatment of severe necrotizing fasciitis in extremities of patients.

METHODSEight patients, suffering from severe necrotizing fasciitis, who had been traditionally treated with iodophor-soaked gauze for 21 to 365 days in other hospitals, were transferred to our institute because of the nonhealing wounds and systemic toxic symptoms induced by infection, from January 2011 to August 2013. After admission, surgical debridement was performed timely, and the necrotic tissue was collected during the operation for pathological observation after HE staining. After the operation, VSD was started with negative pressure ranging from -100 to -80 kPa, and the furacilin solution (0.2 g/L) and oxygen (2 L/min) were continuously infused into the wound during the treatment. Surgical debridement was performed repeatedly according to the wound condition followed by change of VSD dressings to continue VSD treatment. The wounds were closed by suturing or with autologous skin grafts after being covered by fresh granulation tissue. The times of surgical debridement, times of change of VSD materials, wound healing status, and length of stay in our institute were recorded. All patients were followed up for a long time. Results HE staining showed that there were diffuse necrotic adipose and fibrous connective tissues in the necrotic tissue, and the normal tissue structure disappeared accompanied by significant infiltration of inflammatory cells. The number of surgical debridement was 2 to 10 (3.9 +/- 2.8) times. The number of VSD materials change was 2 to 10 (4.0 +/- 2.9) times. Wounds were closed by suturing and healed in two patients; wounds in the other six patients were partially sutured, their residual wounds were healed by autologous skin grafting. The length of stay in our institute was 20 to 49 (33 +/- 10) days. All patients were discharged after recovery. Patients were followed up for 2 to 24 months, and their wounds were found to be in good condition without ulceration or recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSVSD can effectively remove the necrotic tissues and exudates from the fascial spaces and promote proliferation of granulation tissue. Therefore it serves as an effective approach to the treatment of severe necrotizing fasciitis in extremities.

Debridement ; Drainage ; Extremities ; surgery ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; surgery ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Oxygen ; Pressure ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Ulcer ; Vacuum

Objective of this study was to perform bioinformatics analysis of the characteristics of gene expression profiling regulated by amifostine and predict its novel potential biological function to provide a direction for further exploring pharmacological actions of amifostine and study methods. Amifostine was used as a key word to search internet-based free gene expression database including GEO, affymetrix gene chip database, GenBank, SAGE, GeneCard, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProt and BLOCKS and the sifted amifostine-regulated gene expression profiling data was subjected to validity testing, gene expression difference analysis and functional clustering and gene annotation. The results showed that only one data of gene expression profiling regulated by amifostine was sifted from GEO database (accession: GSE3212). Through validity testing and gene expression difference analysis, significant difference (p < 0.01) was only found in 2.14% of the whole genome (460/192000). Gene annotation analysis showed that 139 out of 460 genes were known genes, in which 77 genes were up-regulated and 62 genes were down-regulated. 13 out of 139 genes were newly expressed following amifostine treatment of K562 cells, however expression of 5 genes was completely inhibited. Functional clustering displayed that 139 genes were divided into 11 categories and their biological function was involved in hematopoietic and immunologic regulation, apoptosis and cell cycle. It is concluded that bioinformatics method can be applied to analysis of gene expression profiling regulated by amifostine. Amifostine has a regulatory effect on human gene expression profiling and this action is mainly presented in biological processes including hematopoiesis, immunologic regulation, apoptosis and cell cycle and so on. The effect of amifostine on human gene expression need to be further testified in experimental condition.
Amifostine ; pharmacology ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Molecular Sequence Annotation

Objective: To analyze the influence of the confidence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on the willingness to use PrEP in men who have sex with men (MSM) by using the path analysis model based on structural equation model approach. Methods: A total of 550 MSM were recruited in Urumqi by snowball method and a questionnaire survey was conducted among them. According to the professional knowledge and analysis results of the confidence and willingness to use PrEP, structural equation model (SEM) analysis method was used to construct a path analysis model. Results: A total of 513 MSM participated in the survey. The modified path equation model was well fitted, with the modified fitting index as: GFI=0.993, RMSEA<0.001, and AGFI=0.984. The confidence to PrEP had direct influence on the willingness; the degree of influence from sex partners, the attitude of sex partner to PrEP and the positive emotions not only had direct effects on willingness of PrEP use, but also had indirect effects on willingness of PrEP use by affecting the confidence to it; the role in sexual behavior, AIDS severity, HIV prevention behavior had direct effects on willingness of PrEP use. The proportion of HIV infection in the population had no direct effects on willingness of PrEP use, but had indirect effects on willingness of PrEP use by affecting the confidence to it. Conclusions The confidence to PrEP had influence on willingness of PrEP use in MSM, therefore targeted activities can be conducted to improve the confidence and willingness of MSM in taking the PrEP and reducing the risk of HIV infection in MSM. Compared with the traditional multiple regression analysis, the path analysis using the structural equation model could better reveal the mediating effect between the independent variables and dependent variables.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of negative pressure therapy in the treatment of superficial partial-thickness scald in children.

METHODSThree hundred and seven children with superficial partial-thickness scald hospitalized from August 2009 to May 2012 were divided into negative pressure therapy group (NPT, n = 145) and control group (C, n = 162) according to the random number table. Patients in group NPT were treated with negative pressure from within post injury day (PID) 3 to PID 9 (with -16 kPa pressure), while traditional occlusive dressing method was used in group C. Changes in body temperature, wound healing condition, frequency of dressing change were compared between group NPT and group C. Bacterial culture results of wounds were compared before and after treatment in group NPT. Volume of drained transudate per one percent of wound area was recorded in group NPT on PID 1 to PID 3. Data were processed with t test or chi-square test.

RESULTSThe incidence of high fever was significantly lower in group NPT (26.9%, 39/145) than in group C (63.6%, 103/162, χ(2) = 41.419, P < 0.01). On PID 9, complete wound epithelization was observed in 138 patients in group NPT, and in 7 patients there were a few residual wounds which healed after dressing change for 2 days. The wound healing time of patients in group NPT [(9.2 ± 0.6) d] was obviously shorter than that in group C [(10.1 ± 1.6) d, t = 6.895, P < 0.01]. The frequency of dressing change among patients in group NPT [(2.05 ± 0.22) times] was significantly decreased as compared with that in group C [(4.82 ± 0.81) times, t = 39.878, P < 0.01]. Bacteria were found in wound secretion of seventeen patients in group NPT before treatment, while no bacterium was discovered in all patients after treatment. Volumes of drainage fluid in group NPT were proportional to wound areas, which were respectively (9.8 ± 3.2), (6.2 ± 2.1), (4.1 ± 1.6) mL per one percent of wound area on PID 1, 2, and 3.

CONCLUSIONSNPT can decrease times of dressing change, and alleviate infection and inflammatory response by drainage of transudate, which promotes wound healing at last. NPT is proved to be a safe and effective approach for treatment of children with superficial partial-thickness scald.

Bandages ; Body Temperature ; Burns ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Wound Healing