We have evaluated the post-embolization findings of hepatic tumors(15 cases of hepatoma, and 5 cases ofmetastatic tumors)using Ivalon particles in conjunction with the pre-embolization status of CT. Serial CTexaminations were done every 3 week intervals after embolization procedure. Findings were as follows: 1. Inhepatoma, tumor volume was decreased in 7 cases at 3 week after procedure. Among which 5 cases revealed tumorvolume decrease of 0 to 25 percent. 2. Most important findings of post embolized hepatic tumors was decreasedtumoral density and attenuation of tumor wall enhancement. 3. Intratumoral air was developed within 3 week afterembolization and appeared as mottled or linear branching patterns in the center or periphery of the tumor. 4. Itseems to be important to observe the change of intratumoral density and measurement of tumoral volume to determinethe reembolizatin procedure.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Tumor Burden

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: .In FSRT (Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy) planning, we studied the usefulness between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT by comparing tumor shape and DVH(dose volume histogram). MATERIALS AND METHDS: In Chungnam Univ. hospital, we had treated the sixteen patients with FSRT from Aug. 1997 to Dec. 1998. In choosing multiple arc FSRT or conformal FSRT, we had considered multiple arc FSRT if tumor shape was similar to sphere or the value of IF was less than 1.25, conformal FSRT if tumor shape was very irregular or IF was more than 1.3. For evaluation of treatment planning, we had considered the appropriate DVH for tumor volume and for critical organs. RESULT: The errors between reference point and the coordinates point on AP, Lat radiography were less than 1 mm before treatment. We had planned 3~5 arcs for multiple arc FSRT, 5~6pots for conformal FSRT. The mean dose distribution of tumor volume of cumulative DVH between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT was 90.6, 86%, respectively. The dose of critical organs irradiated was less than 5% maximum dose of cumulative DVH. CONCLUSION: We had obtained the similar value between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT, so that we had appropriate treatment planning of FSRT for multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT according to tumor shape and size.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Radiography ; Tumor Burden

The optimal management of uveal melanoma is still a matter of controversy. To determine the effect of Gamma Knife surgery on patients with uveal melanoma, the authors reviewed the outcome of five operations performed between September 1993 and August 1996. The mean age of the patients was 60.7(range 42 to 76) years; the median follow-up period was 10 months, and four patients were followed up for more than 6 months. The mean tumor volume was 3442mm3(mean diameter 15.3mm) and all patients were irradiated with a mean maximum dose of 74Gy (range 60-80Gy), using a 50% isodose on the tumor margin. In one patient, the tumor disappeared completely 32 months after Gamma Knife surgery; because the tumor did not regress, one patient subsequently required enucleation, and two remained stable. During a mean follow-up period of 10 months, vision was preserved in two patients, but one went blind; in one, enucleation was performed because the tumor did not regress. These results suggest that in cases of uveal melanoma Gamma Knife surgery can effectively control local tumors, can spare the eyeball, and may prevent loss of vision.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Tumor Burden

Serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) will be elevated in cases of BPH, prostatitis, prostatic cancer, and other conditions of prostate. Generally PSA is proportional to increased the size of the transitional zone of the prostate, but the PSA production by malignant glands is variable PSA production is depend on the degree of histologic differentiation in case of prostate cancer, with well-differentiated glands producing more PSA and undifferentiated cancer producing less PSA. Significant elevations of PSA, greater than 10 to 20 ng/ml, in the absence of prostatitis, or recent prostatic biopsy are strongly suggestive of cancer of the prostate. Several large scale studies have demonstrated that serum PSA correlates well with advancing clinical stage, tumor volume and pathological stage. We report a case in which high stage and poorly differentiated pathologic grade prostate cancer with low serum PSA level.
Biopsy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Prostatitis ; Tumor Burden

Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic agent widely used in patients with multiple myeloma. The response to therapy is commonly monitored using serum and/or urine M protein, as these are known to reflect the tumor burden. Although extramedullary plasmacytomas are tissues with high neovascularization, it has been suggested in some reports that the response to thalidomide in these patients may be inferior, despite changes in the serum M protein level. Herein, we report the case of a patient who newly developed hepatosplenic extramedullary plasmacytoma, despite reduction in the serum M protein level following thalidomide treatment.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Plasmacytoma ; Thalidomide* ; Tumor Burden

Successful anticancer strategies require a differential response between tumor and normal tissue (i.e., a therapeutic ratio). In fact, improving the effectiveness of a cancer therapeutic is of no clinical value in the absence of a significant increase in the differential response between tumor and normal tissue. Although radiation dose escalation with the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy has permitted the maximum tolerable dose for most locally advanced cancers, improvements in tumor control without damaging normal adjacent tissues are needed. As a means of increasing the therapeutic ratio, several new approaches are under development. Drugs targeting signal transduction pathways in cancer progression and more recently, immunotherapeutics targeting specific immune cell subsets have entered the clinic with promising early results. Radiobiological research is underway to address pressing questions as to the dose per fraction, irradiated tumor volume and time sequence of the drug administration. To exploit these exciting novel strategies, a better understanding is needed of the cellular and molecular pathways responsible for both cancer and normal tissue and organ response, including the role of radiation-induced accelerated senescence. This review will highlight the current understanding of promising biologically targeted therapies to enhance the radiation therapeutic ratio.
Aging ; Radiobiology ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Burden

Background: PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have been widely studied for their theragnostic role in prostate cancer and were introduced in the Philippines in 2018. The optimal administered activity of 177Lu-PSMA for targeted endoradiotherapy has not yet been established and is thought to be influenced by several factors, including tumor burden. This study investigates the effect of tumor burden on the normal tissue PSMA uptake among Filipino patients with prostate cancer using its diagnostic counterpart, 68Ga-PSMA I&T Methods: One hundred four patients imaged with 68Ga-PSMA I&T PET/CT in our institution from January 2018 to May 2020 were included. Patients were visually classified into low, medium, and high tumor burden groups. Maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) of the lacrimal glands, parotid glands, submandibular glands, kidneys, liver, spleen, and bone were measured and compared among tumor burden groups. Results and Conclusions 68Ga-PSMA I&T uptake in the kidneys, the salivary glands, and the liver, were significantly reduced by approximately 25-50% in patients with high tumor burden. This finding supports the hypothesis that patients with higher tumor load can tolerate higher activity doses of 177Lu-PSMA for endoradiotherapy before developing significant damage to the critical organs. This may serve as a guide towards optimizing and personalizing 177Lu-PSMA I&T administered activity dose for radionuclide therapy
Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Tumor Burden

It is thought that the biological aggressiveness of meningioma is closely related to the development of peritumoral edema. However, the effects of mechanical tumor factors on the venous return of underlying brain tissue, as well as those of MIB-1 or p53 immunoreactivity on the brain edema formation are still not clear. To identify factors which may influence meningioma-associated peritumoral edema development, the authors examined 28 histologically proven intracranial meningiomas(22 benign, 4 atypical, and 2 malignant meningioma patients). Correlation between the degree of brain edema and various factors including volume of the tumor, venous sinus involvements, tumor location, histologic subtypes, MIB-1 labeling index(LI), and immunoreactivity of p53 protein was analyzed retrospectively. The degree of brain edema(edema ratio) was measured by maximum edema area to maximum tumor area as seen on T2 and T1 enhanced magnetic resonance images, respectively. Mean maximum tumor area and the volume of the tumor were 15.7cm2 and 50.2cm3, respectively. The mean area of maximum edema extension was 23.3cm2 and the mean ratio between maximum edema area and tumor area was 1.90(range: 0-11.5). Tumor volume and the area of edema showed significant correlation(p=0.015). MIB-1 LI, however, correlated inversely with edema ratio(p=0.039). p53 protein expression, venous sinus involvement, age, sex, and histologic characteristics did not correlated with edema area or ratio. In conclusion, this study showed there was inverse correlation between edema development and MIB-1 LI, and no correlation with p53 expression. It was thus speculated that peritumoral edema in meningioma may not be a sign of biological aggressiveness.
Brain ; Brain Edema ; Edema* ; Meningioma ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

PURPOSE: To investigate whether combined beta-carotene with X-irradiation has more enhanced radition response than X-irradiation or not, we performed a experiment about in vitro cytotoxicity of beta-carotene and/or X-irradiation in the fibrosarcoma cells, tumor growth delay of combined beta-caroten with/or X-irradiation in the mouse fibrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2% emulsion of beta-carotene was serially diluted and used. X-irradiation was given by 6 MeV linear accelerator. The cytotoxicity of beta-carotene in vitro was evaluated from clonogenic assay. To compare the cytotoxicity between combined beta-carotene with X-irradiation and X-irradiation group, 2 mg/ml of beta-carotene was contacted to fibrosarcoma (FSaII) cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. For the tumor growth delay, single 20 Gy was given to FSaII tumor bearing C3H/N mice whic was classified as beta-crotene with X-irradiation group (n=6) and X-irradiation alone group (n=5). 0.2 ml of 20 mg/kg of beta-carotene were i.p. injected to mice 30 minute before X-irradiation in the beta-crotene with X-irradiation group. The tumor growth delay defined as the time which reach to 1,000 mm3 of tumor volume. RESULT: (1) Cytotoxicity in vitro; 1) survival fraction at beta-carotene concentration of 0.002, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/ml were 0.69+/-0.07, 0.59+/-0.08, 0.08+/-0.008 and 0.02+/-0.006, respectively. 2) each survival fraction at 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy in the 2 mg/ml of beta-carotene + X-irradiation group were 0.13+/-0.05, 0.03+/-0.005, 0.01+/-0.002 and 0.009+/-0.0008, respectively. But each survival fraction at same irradiation dose in the X- irradiation group were 0.66+/-0.05, 0.40+/-0.04, 0.11+/-0.01 and 0.03+/-0.006, respectively( p<0.05). (2) The time which reach to 1,000 mm3 of tumor volume of beta-carotene + X-irradiation group and X-irradiation alone group were 18, 19 days, respectively( p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The contact of beta-caroten to FSaII cells showed mild cytotoxicity which was increased according to concentration. The cytotoxicity of combined beta-carotene with X-irradiation more increased than that of X-irradiation, additionaly. And there was significant difference of cytotoxicity between two groups. But there were no significant difference of the growth delay of fibrosarcoma between two groups.
Animals ; beta Carotene* ; Fibrosarcoma* ; Mice* ; Particle Accelerators ; Tumor Burden