Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Understanding sex differences in risk factors, clinical characteristics and death after stroke might provide valuable evidence for prevention and management of stroke. Aim: We aimed to describe sex differences in risk factors, clinical characteristics and death after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) using hospital-based registry in 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Materials and methods: We used hospital-based stroke registry in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia. From 2019 to 2020, total of 974 patients with acute ICH and 1612 patients with acute IS were enrolled in this study. The severity of stroke was measured by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Risk factors for stroke were defined as patient’s history and their medical record. Death after stroke was registered at 28 days and 90 days by follow-up study. A comparison of categorical and continuous variables was analyzed using chi-squared test, Student’s t-test and Mann Whitney U test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were also performed. Results: The mean age of ICH patients was 58.41±11.56. There was significant difference in age (59 vs 57, p=0.009) between women and men. Men with ICH were more likely to drink alcohol (35.4% vs 5.2%, p=0.000) and to smoke (37.0% vs 8.4%, p=0.000) and to have arterial hypertension (72.7% vs 58.6%, p=0.000). However, there were no significant differences in other risk factors including atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke and other cardiac diseases. There were no sex differences in clinical characteristics including systole and diastole blood pressure, NIHSS scores and GCS. In our study, case fatality rate was 23.8% at 28 days and 1.9% at 90 days after ICH. By multivariable regression analyses, there were no significant association between sex and death at 28 days and at 90 days (OR:0.74; 95% CI:0.52-1.06, OR: 0.80; 95% CI:0.29-2.21).
The mean age of IS patients was 61.07±12.88. The women were older (63 vs 59, p=0.000) than men. Men with IS also were more likely to be current smokers (37.6% vs 9.0%, p=0.000), current drinkers (33.2% vs 3.4%, p=0.000) and to have arterial hypertension (74.7% vs 65.9%, p=0.000). There were no significant differences in other risk factors. For IS patients, there also was no sex difference in clinical characteristics. Case fatality rate was 13.3% at 28 days and 1.1% at 90 days after IS. By multivariable regression analyses, there were no significant association between sex and death at 28 days and at 90 days (OR:0.90; 95%CI: 0.64-1.26, OR:5.16; 95%CI: 0.99-23.9). Conclusion Our study showed sex differences in some vascular factors of both stroke subtypes which emphasized that we need to implement stroke prevention targeting sex-specific risk factors. While clinical characteristics and early mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke were not differed by gender.

Background: Globally the incidence of stroke is not decreasing, and the deaths and disabilities caused by stroke is increasing every year, especially in low and low-middle income countries.
Long-term trends in stroke incidence in different populations have not been well characterized, largely as a result of the complexities associated with population-based stroke surveillance.
Having reliable data on stroke morbidity and mortality, as well as periodic identification of long-term trends will be important information for proper prevention planning in the population, monitoring the disease and further improving the quality of health care. Material and Method: A prospective cohort study has been conducted in adult citizens (972409 in 2019, 925367 in 2020) of 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar from the 1st of January, 2019 to 31st of December, 2020. All first-ever and recurrent stroke cases were included using special software, developed for stroke registry, based on the WHO STEPS approach from participating radiology departments of state hospitals, district hospitals, and some private hospitals. Information of stroke death was obtained from forensic institute and state registration office of the capital city.
The trends of stroke incidence and mortality was compared to data between 1998-1999 and 2019- 2020 in UB. Results: The age-standardized crude incidence rate per 100.000 person-years of stroke were 209.0/100.000 (n=1934) in 2019 and 194.0/100.000 (n=1821) in 2020 among adults of UB city. The above results were compared to 1998-1999 studies and the incidence rate declined by 94.0/100.000 in 2019-2020, whereas mortality rate increased by 10.0/100.000 in women aged 16-34. Stroke mortality was 11.6% in 1998 and 26.5% in 1999, while in our study it was 33.87% in 2019 and 29.71% in 2020. Although the incidence of stroke rates has decreased in 1998-1999, the mortality rate has not decreased significantly. Conclusion Morbidity and mortality rates among the population of Ulaanbaatar citizen remain highest in the world, compared to 20 years ago with overall morbidity declining but mortality has not decreased.
In recent years, the Government of Mongolia has been focused on reducing non-communicable diseases, but the primary and secondary prevention and control of stroke in the general population, as well as the acquisition of knowledge attitudes, practices and access to health care still need to be improved.

Background: Stroke is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Registry-based data of stroke are scarce in low and middle-income countries such as Mongolia. We aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality of stroke in adult population of UB Mongolia by stroke registration method. Material and Method: Covering 611265 (≥15 years old) adult citizens of three districts of Ulaanbaatar, a population-based prospective study was done from the first, January of 2019 to 31st, December of 2019. All first-ever and recurrent stroke cases were included using special software, developed for stroke registry, based on the WHO STEPS approach from participating radiology departments of state hospitals, district hospitals, and family clinics. Information of stroke death was obtained from forensic institute and state registration office of the capital city. Results : In a 1-year study period, 1068 (women 39.1%) stroke cases were registered in people with 60.16±13.66 years old. Stroke incidence rate was 169.81/100000 including first-ever and recurrent events. Stroke incidence rate was higher in men and people with 80 and above years old. The ratio between IS and ICH was 1.14:1.0. Stroke mortality was 27.1% and mortality rate was 45.94/100000. The highest rate mortality was in ICH subtype, male population and older people. Conclusion We identified relatively high incidence and mortality rate of stroke in ICH indicating an urgent need for improvement of arterial hypertension control, health education and primary prevention mainly among men.