BCG Vaccine ; history ; Bacteriology ; history ; France ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Philately ; Tuberculosis ; history ; prevention & control

Education, Medical ; history ; Family Practice ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine in the Arts ; Singapore ; Tuberculosis ; history

China ; epidemiology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; history ; prevention & control

BACKGROUND: The frequency of MOTT has risen as the prevalence of tuberculosis has been declining. Our country has been also. The most of MOTT was resistant to the major anti-tuberculous drugs. METHOD: To compare clinical characteristics and frequencies of MDR tuverculosis with MOTT, the author studied 65 patients showing AFB culture positive with sputum. The data were collected from 176 patients who had been admitted at the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital from May to June, 1997 to April, 1998. RESULTS: The frequency of MDR tuberculosis was 43.1% and that of MOTT was 9.2%. Among 65 isolated my-cobacteria, 3 cases were M. intracellulare, 2 cases were M. fortuitum, and 1 case was unidentified MOTT. The most frequent age group in 65 culture positive patients was 4th decade and the mean age was 44. The mean age was 61 in MOTT and 42 in M. tuberculosis and bad significant difference(p<0.01). The numbers with past history of treatment were 2.3 in MDR tuberculosis and 1.7 in non-MDR tuberculosis and had significant difference(p<0.05). At the time of admisson, the most frequent regiment for the theatment of MDR tuberculosis was 24 months regimen(85.7%) with the 2nd line anti-tuberculosis drugs. For non-MDR tuberculosis, 9 or 12 months regimen (72.9%) with the 1st line anti-tuberculosis drugs and had significant difference(p<0.01). At the time of admission, the symptom of weight loss was shown in 84.7% of M. tuberculosis and 50.0% in MOTT and there was significant difference(p<0.05) between them. All of the MOTT were identified to be resistant against INH and PAS. Drug resistane rates to INH, OFX(p<0.01) and PAS(p<0.05) in MOTT were higher than in MDR. All of three M. intracellulare strains were resistant to INH, RFP, PAS and OFX. All of two M. fortuitum strains were resistant to most anti-tuberculosis drugs. And the other MOTT was resistant to INH, EMB and PAS. CONCLUSION: MOTT was more common in elderly patients than M. tuberculosis. MOTT cases should be considered to be the probability of multiple drug resistance and treatment failure during the 1st treatment because they showed more resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs than M. tuberculosis cases. Therefore, there should be more careful investigations for clinical characteristics, natural history of disease, and efficient management for MOTT.
Aged ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Natural History ; Prevalence ; Sputum ; Treatment Failure ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant* ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: The natural history of bacillary tuberculosis was studied in India and results showed that at the end of the 5-year period, 49% of the patients were dead, 33% were cured and 18% remained sputum-positive. The aim of this survey is to observe the natural course of the patients with intractable tuberculosis disease who were incurable with all drug regimens of the national tuberculosis programme(NTP). METHOD: Of the patients who have been found as intractable cases in Kang-Weon Province by the supervisory medical officer during the period from January 1,1987 to December 31,1992, 179 were eligible for this study. Sputum examination was done for those who were survived until October in 1993 at the Kang-Weon provincial laboratory of KNTA. 49 out of 179 patients were transferred to the private sectors and retreated with the combination of prothionamide, cycloserine, ofloxacin, enviomycin, etc. They seemed to have been bacteriologically cured, and so they were excluded from the study. Finally 130 patients were analyzed by modified life table method to calculate the fatality rate and the survival rate during the period of 7 years. RESULTS: 1) 80.8% of intractable cases were male and 19.2%,female. 2) More than 94% of intractable cases showed moderately or far advanced Tb findings on their X-rays at the time of registration at health centres. 3) The cumulative case-fatality rate was 19.74% at the end of 1-year period and has risen to 34.55% by the end of 4-year period(increasing by 4.9% a year on an average). The case-fatality rate has shown no appreciable rise since then until the end of 7-year period. 4) The case-survival rate was 80.26% at the end of 1-year period and has decreased to 65.45% by the end of 4-year period. And then there was no appreciable change in the survival rate until the end of 7-year observation. CONCLUSION: The case-survival rate of intractable cases was higher than that of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients and they may have risk of spreading multidrug resistant organisms. It is time we made an effort to improve case-management qualitatively.
Cycloserine ; Enviomycin ; Humans ; India ; Life Tables ; Male ; Natural History ; Ofloxacin ; Private Sector ; Prothionamide ; Sputum ; Survival Rate ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

BACKGROUND: During the last decade, the reports of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Korea were not common. Therefore, we investigated the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance rate according to medical history and radiological findings, as well as the relationship between the drug resistance and treatment outcomes to provide guidelines for selection of drug regimen before drug sensitivity test. METHODS: The study population was composed of 745 hospitalized patients who received drug susceptibility test for M. tuberculosis and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for the last 5 years. RESULTS: The majority had resistance to at least one drug (91.3%; 3.8+/-2.6 drugs). Drug resistance rate of first line drugs was 25~55%; especially higher in retreatment cases and those with the cavity on chest X-ray. Drug resistance was not correlated with radiographic finding. The success rate for treatment was higher in new cases, patients with less severe disease status and those without cavity on chest X-ray. When new cases had no resistance to all of EHR (84.1%), the negative conversion rate by first line drugs was above 70~90%. For retreatment patients, the negative conversion rate was above 70% only when they were susceptible to all of EHR (31%). The relapse rate was 4~13%. CONCLUSIONS: Probably the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Korea will be considerably high. The drug resistance and treatment outcome was affected more by history of previous medical treatment than radiological findings. The previous EHRZ regimen is very effective as the initial treatment in new case, but revised retreatment regimen composed of at least 4 drugs is needed in the previously treated patients.
Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical History Taking ; Prevalence ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence ; Retreatment ; Thorax ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) cases that were admitted and diagnosed in a tertiary government hospital from January 2006 to December 2010.

METHODOLOGY: Records of pediatric patients who were admitted in a tertiary government hospital from January 2006 to December 2010 with a diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis were reviewed. The following information was gathered: demographic profile, clinical profile, results of PPD, complications and mortality rate, and laboratory results.

RESULTS: The sixty-six cases constituted 7.8% of the total pediatric admissions during the same period. There was no significant difference as to sex distribution (53% males vs. 47% females, with 1:1 ratio). Majority of cases involved the meninges (72.7%) followed by lymph node (6.1%), liver (6.1%), bone (6.1%) and genitourinary (3.0%). The three most common symptoms were nonspecific: fever, anorexia and weight loss. The occurrence of fever was universal among all admitted cases of Extrapulmonary TB. With regards to prognosis, the majority (83%) of cases were discharged in improved condition. The case fatality rate was 16.7%.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of new cases of EPTB has remained constant, despite the decline in new cases of active pulmonary TB.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Preschool ; Infant ; Infant Newborn ; Tuberculosis-prevalence, epidemiology, incidence, therapy, history, diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; Tertiary Care Centers ; ;

OBJECTIVES: Although outbreak of MDR Tb has been a recent problem in western countries, it has been a longstanding problem in Korea. The poor outcome of MDR Tb is mainly due to poor compliance, high rate of side reaction of secondary drugs, and limitation in number of available drugs. Thus, to improve the outcome of MDR Tb,, it is crucial to make individualized adequate prescription based on the knowledge of the patterns of resistance to each drugs in the community as well as the natural history. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the clinical features of Korean MDR Tb patients including patterns of drug resistance and success rate of treatment which was prescribed according to the sensitivity tests. METHODS: Retroscpective analysis of 71 Korean patients with MDR Tb was made. All strains isolated from patients showed resistence to at least two first line drugs. Patients profile, previous treatment history, patterns of drug resistance, outcome of treatment was analysed. Initial treatment regimen was selected according to the previous treatment history and was modified according to the sensitivity reports. The regimen was composed to include at least 4 sensitive drugs when possible. RESULTS: The patients showed resistance to 4.1 drugs on average. 90% of them were resistant to INH and RFP. Among 71 patients, 35 patients(49%) had cavitary lesions in CXR. Treatment outcome was analysed in 55 patients. 35 patients(67%) were improved after treatment and 18 patients(33%) showed treatment failure. 5 patients showed primary resistance. Treatment outcome could be evaluated in 4 of them and all showed improvement after treatment. 14 patients(20%) had to change their regimens due to drug side effects. The most frequent side effect was elevation of liver enzymes(6 patients). Others included dizziness, hyperuricemia, tinnitus, skin rash, GI troubles. More than 50% of side effects developed within 3 months. In repeated drug sensitivity test, the concordance rate of resistance to INH was 100% and RFP 98%. EMB,PZA showed 80% concordance rate. But in the other drugs, the concordances were less than 50%. Operation was done in 5 patients - 1 patients as a adjunctive means of chemotherapy In that case, negative conversion of sputum AFB was done. CONCLUSION: 2/3 patients of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis were improved by appropriate prescription and regular medication suggesting that more aggressive management and monitoring is indicated in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Compliance ; Dizziness ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Korea ; Liver ; Natural History ; Prescriptions ; Sputum ; Tinnitus ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

A 24-year-old man presented with mental change, fever, abdominal pain, tenderness and palpable mass on the lower abdomen. He was a non-Korean engineer and did not accompany a legal guardian, so medical history taking was difficult due to his mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple rim-enhanced lesions of the brain, and abdominal computed tomography showed huge paraspinal abscess. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed poorly defined nodular opacities. We initially thought that this patient was infected with toxoplasmosis with typical cerebral image finding and immunoglobulin laboratory finding of cerebrospinal fluid and serum study. The abdominal abscess was confirmed as tuberculosis through the pathologic finding of caseous necrosis. We used anti-tuberculosis medication and anti-toxoplasmosis medication for almost 4 months, and then his clinical state and radiological findings were considerably improved.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Abscess ; Abdominal Pain ; Abscess ; Brain ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Legal Guardians ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical History Taking ; Necrosis ; Thorax ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral ; Tuberculosis ; Young Adult

This paper focuses on the criticism of tuberculosis statistics published by the Japanese Government-general in colonial Korea and a research on the reality of tuberculosis prevalence by medical doctors from the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at Keijo Imperial University (DHPMK). Recent studies have shown that colonial statistics shape the image of colonial subjects and justify the control to them. Following this perspective, this paper explores the process of producing the statistical knowledge of tuberculosis by medical scientists from DHPMK. Their goal was to find out the resistance to tuberculosis as biological characteristics of Korean race/ethnicity. In order to do so, they demonstrated the existence of errors in tuberculosis statistics by the Korean colonial government and devised a statistical method to correct them based on the conviction that the Western modern medicine was superior than Korean traditional medicine as well as the racist bias against Korean. By analyzing how the statistical concepts reflected these prejudices, this paper argues that the statistical knowledge of tuberculosis created images that Japanese people was healthier and stronger than the Korean people and justified the colonial government's control over Korean.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Disease Resistance ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Medicine, Korean Traditional ; Methods ; Population Characteristics ; Prejudice ; Prevalence ; Preventive Medicine ; Tuberculosis