Senile patients with heart disease were evaluated in order to study the correlation between their mental and physical activities in daily life. Mental activity was classified using Hasegawa's dementia scale, and physical activity was measured by the number of steps per day recorded with a passimeter. It was found that;
1) Hasegawa's dementia score was positively related to the number of steps.
2) Hasegawa's dementia score was significantly increased after walking training for 1 year.
Thus it is suggested that appropriate physical exercise is necessary for maintaining or increasing mental activity in aged patients with circulatory disease.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking exercise on the mental activity of 44 elderly patients with slight, long-term cerebral infarction. Walking exercise, mental activity and brain morphology were determined by the number of steps taken per day, modified Hasegawa's dementia scales-R and computed tomography, respectively.
The results are as follows : The average number of steps taken per day for the group of normal mental activity was 3489±1692, for subnormal 2073±980, pre-dementia 1458±1241, and dementia 570±1132. Sylvian fissures enlargement ratio in the normal group was 4.3±1.7%, subnormal was 4.1±0.8%, predementia 6.0±2.3%, dementia 6.3±1.8%.
The difference between the right and left sylvian fissure enlargement ratio in the normal group was 1.8±0.9% (right) vs. 2.5±1.3% (left), subnormal: 1.7±0.4% (right) vs. 2.5±0.5% (left), predementia : 2.6±0.9% (right) vs. 3.4±1.5% (left), dementia: 3.0±1.2% (right) vs. 3.2±0.9% (left) . Cerebrum-cranial cavity ratio in the normal group was 80.6±5.0%, subnormal 78.6±5.0%, predementia 74.6±4.8%, dementia 72.7±3.4%.
The lateral ventricles-cranial cavity ratio for normal was 14.3±4.5%, subnormal 14.7±3.1%, predementia 17.3±3.6%, dementia 16.8±4.7%. The difference between good walking patients (over 1000steps/day) and poor walking patients (less than 1000steps/day) concerning the sylvian fissures-cranial cavity ratio (A), cerebrum-cranial cavity ratio (B) and lateral ventricles-cranial cavity ratio (C) was as follows: (A) 4.4±1.5% vs. 6.4±1.9% (p<0.001), (B) 78.4±6.7% vs. 74.0±3.4% (p<0.05), (C) 15.2±3.9% vs. 16.5±4.5% (ns) .
The above data indicates that there is an interrelationship among walking exercise, mental activity and brain morphology.

Three patients, who received infrarenal aorto-iliac bifurcation grafts, complained of flaccid and insensible feeling on lower extremities immediatedly after surgery. These symptoms were supposed due, in two cases, to spinal cord ischemia or, in remaining one case, to ischemic change of the peripheral nerve, In former cases, spinal cord hypoxia might be caused by interrupted blood supply through spinal artery as it was intercepted temporarily but for about three and a half hours during surgical procedures. In the latter case, cramping of the left iliac artery lasted for five and a half hours, which might result in anoxic damage of the peripheral nerve. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) at two atmospheric absolute (ATA) pressure for 75min and 3 ATA for 90min were repeated everyday for them. In all cases, almost complete sensorimotor recovery was obtained after 15 to 30 instances of HBO, which was combined with physical therapy. HBO seemed to have improved early hypoxic and edematous damages of the spinal cord or peripheral nerve. As an unfavorable complication of abdominal aortic surgery, incidence of sensorimotor disturbance of the extremities is infrequent and/or unpredictable, however, once it occurs, no effective therapeutic maneuvers were developed yet. Through these clinical data, HBO should be introduced more actively for such disorders. One of the key issues to enhance the effect of HBO is that, HBO should be introduced as soon as possible once postoperative nuerologic disorders were diagnosed.

In vascular surgery, thrombo-embolism and hemorrhage are major noisome complications. We report a case of cholesterol emboli which came from atheromatous aortic wall during the thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm operation. Micro-emboli were migrated into the capillary in the liver, kidney and small bowels, and the patient died of multiple organ failure. The histological examination showed the cholesterol emboli in micro-circulations. The other is a case of in situ thrombus formation in the posterior tibial artery during aortic surgery. The patient with combined (iliac and femoral) lesion had aorto-bifemoral bypass to get better proximal inflow. Just after the operation, we noticed his right lower extremity was pale and cold. Angiography revealed the thrombus distal to the occluded superficial femoral artery. Since the thrombus was too large to pass through any collateral vessels, it should be formed in situ. Femoro-popliteal bypass was added to the primary procedure with success.