Background: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development offers an historic opportunity to set a new course for the next era for significant changes for children and their families, with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is at the centre of this ambitious new agenda, with a distinct water sector goal (SDG 6) that aims for universal, sustainable, affordable and equitable access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene, as well as the elimination of open defecation by 2030. According to the data of the National Statistics Office of Mongolia, the total population of the country is 3,036,988 of which 1.3 million inhabit in Ulaanbaatar with over 60 percent of them living in the ger districts. Sanitation facilities which fail to meet the hygiene requirements are used by 97.3 percent of the ger-district households. Materials and Methods: The research was implemented using laboratory test methods following the cross-sectional model. In the ger communities of the 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar, 111 sites were selected for soil sampling in July, August and September of 2016 with 3 repetitions. The samples were tested in the reference laboratory of the Public Health Institute, titres of E.Coli and quantities of Protei were defined and assessed in comparison against the normative levels provided in the Standard MNS 3297:91 “Environmental protection. Soil. The indicators of norm sanitation condition for soil communities. Results: The findings of the study show that the most or 79.2 percent (225) of the sites where E.Coli was detected had low level of contamination, 18.3 percent (52) had moderate contamination and 2.1 percent (7) had high level of contamination. By locations of soil sampling for E.Coli detection, 588.74 titres were counted in the samples from near the ger-district service centres which was the highest among other locations and 5.88 times exceeded the mean contamination category of MNS3291:91 Standard as much as 5.88 times. The E.Coli contamination in the samples taken from near the main roads and gas stations were higher than the Submitted abstract International expert consultation on sanitation in cold climate 148 mean standard category (100-1000) by 16 points, but still lower than at the other locations (p=0.22). The mean value of the Proteus titres from July, August and September in the soil samples from the proximities of the car and tyre repair shops and car wash centres was higher than at other locations and would fall within the high contamination category according to the Standard. The 1.0 percent of the causes of diarrhea in small children in ger areas in UB is E.Coli in the topsoil. But the total number of bacteria in soil accounts for the 2.1 percent of the causes of diarrhea in small children. Conclusions
1. Thesurficial soil of the ger-districts in city Ulaanbaatar are getting contaminated due to human and animal excreta and pit latrines which do not meet the hygiene requirements.
2. Pollution of soil pathogenic microorganisms affects the diarrheal infection in children from ger areas in Ulaanbaatar.